论高校读者消费权益及其保障

读者在利用图书馆资源时,已经与图书馆建立了消费、合同关系,图书馆要充分满足读者的使用权、咨询权、知情权,在保障人身安全、名誉权的条件下享受图书馆的服务。图书馆要加强制度建设,设施建设,增强服务意识,进行普法宣传,将图书馆建设成高校和谐相处的文明窗口。     

Can incidental sighting data be used to elucidate habitat preferences and areas of suitable habitat for a cryptic species?

The involvement of communities in ecological studies has been shown to augment conservation efforts, especially for cryptic species. However, there is a lack of studies addressing the utility of incidental sighting records from community members in gaining knowledge on habitat preferences and distribution of suitable habitat for these organisms. This study compares preferences of the Lumholtz's tree kangaroo (Dendrolagus lumholtzi ; LTK), a cryptic rainforest folivore in northeastern Australia, for various habitat and climatic variables derived from data collected during scientific projects to those derived from incidental sighting records using ArcGIS and Maxent. Incidental sighting records suggest that the species uses a wider range of altitudes, annual rainfalls, annual mean temperatures and vegetation types than predicted by scientific studies. Incidental records also show that the species can persist in areas of lower rainfall during the wettest month and lower minimum temperature during the coldest month. Both data place the species within a comparable range of rainfalls during the driest month, maximum temperatures of the warmest month and soil types. When using identified preferences to assess the extent and distribution of suitable habitat, incidental records predicted more areas of suitable habitat than scientific records with an overlap of up to 91% between them. The present study proves that incidental sighting records can be a valuable part of the study of cryptic species and should be considered complementarily alongside scientific studies to obtain comprehensive ecological information of a species that can assist in its conservation.     

酸奶消费者购买行为的实证研究

以在校大学生问卷调查为例,应用联合分析法,运用极差分析、方差分析的统计学方法得出结论:价格是影响消费者酸奶购买行为的最显著因素;品牌和包装类型对酸奶购买的影响不相上下;净含量和保质期对消费者酸奶购买影响较小。乳品企业应针对不同的消费群体开发相应的产品、制定不同的市场营销策略。     

城镇居民收入分配状况及其对消费需求的影响

收入分配差距是伴随经济增长出现的一种社会经济现象,它对经济增长本身又会产生一定的影响。近年来我国城镇居民收入水平保持较快的增长速度,社会物价水平稳中有降,但消费需求不旺,市场疲软的迹象已十分明显。究其原因,除了供求存在结构性矛盾造成有效供给不足,住房、教育、医疗保险制度的改革使居民预期购买压力增大,以及落后的消费观念和消费信贷体制外,居民收入分配差距扩大,城市低收入和贫困人口的增加已成为对消费需求产生消极影响的一个重要因素。因此,政府在积极增加投资支出、调整经济结构和发展消费信贷的同时,切不可忽视改善收入分配状况,以最终实现刺激消费、促进经济增长的目标。     

Do “stakeholders” represent citizen interests? An empirical inquiry into assessments of policy aims in the National Forest Programme for Germany

Participatory National Forest Programmes (NFPs) intend to democratise forest sector policy, but they may suffer from a fundamental democratic legitimisation deficit since the stakeholders involved are neither democratically authorised nor accountable to the population. In order to scrutinise the empirical relevance of this problem in the case of the German NFP, it is analysed how the German population on the one hand and the NFP participants on the other hand assess central forest policy aims of the NFP, and how far both assessments coincide. Two surveys based on identical questionnaires are used as the data base. The respondents assessed the importance of the respective aims as well as at their implementation. Results show that the population considers the majority of the NFP aims to be generally relevant, but assesses the majority of the aims significantly differently from the stakeholders. The formal legitimisation deficit of the German NFP therefore also matters in terms of content. Discussing the NFP among the elected representatives and in the public seems indispensable.Moreover, the differences in the assessment of some policy aims are significantly dependent on how people judge the image of forest enterprises between the opposing poles of profit orientation and nature protection. Public acceptance of those aims could be furthered more appropriately by adjusting the partly incorrect image of forestry rather than by providing more information about the particular aims and their background.     

The end consumer’s choice of floorcovering in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom: a comparative pilot study of substitute competition

In order to understand the competitive situation of wood, it is essential to consider the end consumer of building materials. The knowledge of factors affecting the end consumers choice of building material for specific purposes, i.e., the mechanisms of substitute competition, is limited. Field studies of the British and Dutch floorcovering markets revealed that context, usage context as well as the general life situation, is of crucial importance in substitute competition. This contextual character severely limits the usefulness and adequacy of interviews with fixed-reply alternatives, as well as classical statistical methods of analysis. In this article, a qualitative approach to data gathering is combined with multivariate analysis. The results indicate that by using this methodology it is possible to determine which are the decisive predictors of material preferences, make cross-cultural comparisons, and apprehend the underlying motives or perspectives. The results further show that, unlike the other floorcovering materials studied, the determinant reasons for choosing wood appear to be exclusively nonfunctional in nature.     

孟加拉涝原地区村林居住的宗教社团偏爱的乔木和灌木树种及使用的造林材料研究

2002年1月至6月对孟加拉涝原地区两个不同的宗教部落(印度教和穆斯林教)的传统家园森林进行了探索性研究，包括印度教和穆斯林教社团对树种(乔木和灌木)的偏爱度、类似性、造林材料及来源、植树地点和间距。研究发现Mangifera indica作为乔木树种，Ocimum sanctum作为灌木树种为印度教社团最喜爱的树种；Artocarpus heterophyllus和Lawsonia inermis分别为穆斯林社团最喜爱乔木树种和灌木树种。两中不同宗教社团选择乔木数种的相同性为86．57％，灌木树种为78．48％。两个宗教部落使用种子和苗木作为造林材料最多。乔木树种的造林材料主要来自家园(39％)灌木树种主要来自自然界(40％)。表3参27。     

新冠疫情对消费者购买渠道选择的冲击

为探究新冠疫情对消费者畜禽产品购买偏好的影响,本研究运用选择实验的方法,基于网络问卷形式获得湖北武汉、河南郑州、湖南长沙、浙江杭州4个城市934位消费者行为数据,采用混合logit模型进行数据分析。结果表明:从区域上看,不同区域消费者对线上渠道偏好存在差异,相对于轻度疫情区域,重度疫情区域的消费者对线上渠道偏好显著,对时间成本负向偏好明显,且对各属性的支付意愿均较高;从产品上看,消费者对不同产品的支付意愿存在差异,对具有品牌属性的产品支付意愿最高,可追溯信息属性次之,且同一区域内猪肉的支付意愿高于鸡肉。因此,畜禽产品零售企业应促进线上线下协同发力,提高效率吸引消费者;加强与完善可追溯畜禽产品的品牌建设;合理细分产品和区域,逐步拓展可追溯产品市场。     

消费者对于餐饮业食品安全的态度和感知——以北京城市居民为例

以北京部分城市居民为例,对消费者对餐饮业的食品安全问题的关注进行调查,结果表明,多数消费者关注餐饮食品安全问题,其主要关心的食品安全问题有1)不新鲜的菜品原材料;2)就餐环境的不良卫生状况;3)食品添加剂的滥用;4)菜品制作过程中的不卫生环境及操作5)操作人员的卫生健康问题。同时,消费者认为导致餐饮食品安全问题发生的主要原因是餐饮经营者注重自己的利益从而忽视了消费者的利益;消费者对食品原材料及菜品成品质量的鉴别能力不高;相关部门执法力度不够等。因此,政府和有关部加强执法力度及监督检查,媒体充分发挥监督作用,同时企业能够倡导诚信经营,加强行业自律是解决餐饮业食品安全问题的有利举措。同时,提高消费者自身对食品安全的认知能力和增强维权意识也是控制餐饮安全的一项措施。     

吉林省农村居民消费行为研究

随着经济社会的发展,消费问题日益突出。即使是在一些县、乡、村,也存在着农村居民的消费行为日益受到环境变化的影响问题。本文基于对吉林省农村居民消费行为实际调查研究基础上,通过对数据的分析整理,得出相应结论,并分析影响吉林省农村居民消费行为的影响因素,最后提出对策建议,为实现吉林省农村建设跨越式发展提供理论依据。