信息缺失、从众行为与生猪价格波动机制

信息是当今社会的心脏,是市场经济高效运转的基石。应用市场微观结构理论分析生猪价格波动的原 因要要信息缺失和从众行为。 结果表明,由于信息缺失,散养户过分关注当前市场价格和跟随规模养殖主体市场行为, 导致了众多散养户同时进出市场的从众行为,是造成生猪周期性供求失衡的主要原因。因此,应培养养殖主体搜集和 利用市场信息意识,建立生猪及猪肉生产供求总量信息数据库,为生猪经营者正确决策和生产行为提供信息支撑。     

消费者绿色农产品购买行为影响因素的实证分析——以山东省聊城市为例

通过对山东省聊城市消费者进行实地调研,并以实地调查数据为基础,运用二元Logistic回归计量模型分析影响消费者绿色农产品购买行为的因素。结果表明:性别、学历、月收入、家里是否有12岁儿童以及认知程度等因素对消费者购买行为具有显著正向影响,产品的价格对消费者购买行为具有显著负向影响;为进一步引导消费者可持续消费、绿色消费提供帮助,为绿色农产品产业和市场的快速发展提供理论依据。     

农产品生产价格波动与农地利用的关系——以甘肃省为例

农产品生产价格波动与农村耕地利用关系密切,事关中国粮食安全和农业可持续发展问题。以甘肃省为例,通过实地调查和统计数据分析,对主要农产品生产价格波动对农地利用影响的状况进行实证研究,从而为政府相关部门针对影响的不同状况采取相应的对策和政策措施提供参考。     

农户新品种技术采纳行为的研究综述

对国内外农户技术采纳行为的研究,从理论研究与实证研究两个方面进行了总结,并对农户技术采纳行为的研究现状进行了评价。总体来说,关于农户技术采纳行为的理论研究较少,理论体系有待完善;实证研究则缺乏相关的理论依据。     

大华丽蜾赢的筑巢和育幼行为观察与视频记录

通过直接观察和摄像机同步记录的方式．观测大华丽蜾赢[Deltapetiolata（Fabricius）]的筑巢与育幼行为,包括选址、取水、取泥、筑巢、产卵、捕虫和封口等环节。结果表明,大华丽蜾赢一天的活动时间为8：00～18：00．完成1穴需要制作和搬运15～18个泥球,单次取泥时间为33～75s,单次取水时间为15～22s。筑巢耗费1个泥球的时间为41～209s,单穴储存2～4只夜蛾幼虫;每天筑l穴,连筑8穴,每穴产卵1粒．共8粒,幼虫发育30d左右,2只破巢而出,羽化为成虫,其余被寄生而未能完成发育。同时,成功地获得了包括巢内行为在内的视频记录。     

水稻土中Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb污染元素的研究进展

本文主要阐述了水稻土中Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb污染元素的形态、土壤化学行为、生物效应及被污染土壤修复的研究进展。     

Rheological and Thermal Properties of Potato Starch

<正>Particle size, rheological and thermal properties of potato starch from Yunnan province of China was investigated. The particle size ranges from 0.429-102.3 μm determined by laser light-scatter. The major flow type of 6 w/v% potato starch was shear-thinning fluid even the shear rate up to 800·s-1, and the gel formed by 6 w/v% potato starch fell to weak gel for its little difference between G′ and G′′, high dependence on frequency and low value of G′(Pa). The hardness and cohesiveness of potato starch gel were 31.3 g and 131.9 g·s, respectively. The thermal properties of potato starch were also determined by DSC at the starch∶ water = 3∶ 1. The To, Tp, and △H of potato starch were 62.23℃, 67.31℃, and 2.22 J·g-1.     

铝盐絮凝天然橡胶制备及其性能表征

采用铝盐絮凝天然胶乳,探讨所得生胶的理化性能、硫化特性及其动态力学性能与传统凝固方法之间的差异.结果表明:通过氯化铝与盐酸溶液的互配,能够获得理化性能指标均达标的生胶产品;氯化铝与盐酸混合溶液凝固胶的拉伸强度较高;铝离子的存在有利于提高天然橡胶的加工安全性,使天然橡胶的损耗因子和损耗模量略有升高,但其储能模量降低.通过红外光谱可以看出,铝盐凝固胶蛋白质的特征吸收峰比酸凝固的弱.     

日本食蚧蚜小蜂的寄生行为观察

日本食蚧蚜小蜂Coccophagus japonicus Compere是橡副珠蜡蚧Parasaissetia nigra Nietner的重要天敌之一。为了明确该蜂的寄生行为及雌蜂体型大小对其产卵的影响,在室内观察其寄生行为及雌蜂不同体型大小条件下的产卵情况。结果表明：日本食蚧蚜小蜂的寄生过程包括搜寻寄主、识别寄主、产卵器刺探、产卵、产卵后处理5个阶段。日本食蚧蚜小蜂的寄生时间、寄生率、平均着卵量随寄生次数增多而增加,寄生次数与卵量吻合率随寄生次数增加而降低;第1次寄生时,寄生所需时间为19.75 s,寄生率为73.12%,寄生次数与卵量吻合率为69.89%,平均着卵量为0.76粒;第3次寄生时,寄生所需时间为24.37 s,寄生率为83.33%,寄生次数与卵量吻合率仅为8.33%,平均着卵量为1.67粒。雌蜂体型大小与其产卵量呈正相关,体长小于等于1.20 mm时,产卵量及寄生率最小,分别为16.83粒和49.4%;1.40 mm<体长≤1.50 mm时产卵量为33.06粒,寄生率72.3%;而体长大于1.50 mm时产卵量达37.5粒,寄生率为72.2%;雌蜂后足胫节长对其产卵及寄生率也有类似影响,说明该蜂扩繁时应选用体型较大的雌蜂。     

Seasonal changes in feed intake,diet digestibility and diet composition by lactating and non‐lactating goats browsing in a semi‐arid rangeland of Argentina

We determined the seasonal nutrient and secondary compound intake, in vivo diet digestibility (DD) and diet species composition of goats in different physiological states in a desert rangeland of Argentina. During the wet and the dry seasons, 24 mature female Creole goats (six non‐lactating, non‐pregnant and six lactating in each season) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Diet botanical composition, DD and dry‐matter intake (DMI) were estimated by the combined use of visual observation, microhistological analyses of faecal samples and n‐alkane technique. Browse species dominated the goats’ diets (>80%) in both seasons and physiological states, with a twofold increase in the proportion of forbs during the wet season (p < 0.10). Lactating goats showed greater DMI than non‐lactating animals, and they also displayed greater intakes of some tanniferous (Mimosa ephedroides) and high‐protein (Atriplex lampa) shrubs (p < 0.10). Lactating and non‐lactating goats selected diets with adequate crude protein (CP) and fibre content but insufficient energy, although lactating goats tended to increase energy and tannin content in their diets (p < 0.20). Physiological state did not influence DD, but digestibility was greater (p < 0.10) in the wet season, attributed to the greater protein content and lower tannin content of the diet. These results have important implications for managerial interventions on traditional goat production systems in the study area aiming at enhancing goat nutrition and welfare, as well as the sustainability of rangeland resources in the region.