蔬果合作社农产品品牌化与农户农产品生产质量控制行为——影响机制与效应测度

为探索参与农民合作社与提升农户实施农产品质量控制行为之间的内在关联,基于山东省985户蔬果种植类农户调研数据,在采用层次分析法(AHP)测度农产品质量控制行为效能基础上,运用内生转换模型、中介效应模型分析合作社促进农户实施农产品质量控制行为的实现效果。结果表明:参与合作社有助于提升农户的农产品质量控制行为;拥有自主农产品品牌的合作社更注重社员的农产品质量控制行为;生产流程培训作为中介渠道提高了合作社实施农产品质量控制行为,但对非品牌合作社质量控制行为的中介效应不显著。最后提出加强合作社生产质量管理、鼓励合作社实施农产品品牌化,注重合作社流程管理培训等政策建议。     

1-site/2-pKa表面络合模型预测土壤中Cd2+的吸附及生物有效性

土壤中重金属的生物有效性与其在土壤中的吸附行为密切相关,本研究选取我国9个不同类型的非石灰性土壤,探究了Cd²⁺在土壤中的吸附过程。通过电位滴定获得土壤表面酸碱性质（pK_a1和pK_a2）,基于1-site/2-pK_a模型,使用ECOSAT和FIT拟合得到土壤与Cd²⁺的络合常数（lg K _{（SOCd⁺）}）,结果显示该模型能很好地描述Cd²⁺在土壤中的吸附过程。为了进一步探究土壤性质对Cd吸附固定的影响,通过逐步回归分析了pK_a1、pK_a2、lg K _{（SOCd⁺）}与土壤性质间的关系,发现土壤pH和CEC是pK_a1的主控因子,土壤pH同时也是pK_a2、lg K _{（SOCd⁺）}的主控因子。为了验证模型的可靠性,结合历史文献,基于土壤pH和CEC预测了历史文献中土壤表面酸碱性质和lg K _{（SOCd⁺）},利用得到的参数预测了Cd的吸附过程,发现预测值与实测值之间有很好的相关性,该模型能解释86%的变异。此外,利用回归模型得到的结合常数预测了历史文献中土壤溶液中的Cd含量,发现模型预测的Cd含量与蚯蚓体内Cd含量同样具有很好的相关性,能解释83%的变异。本研究基于Cd²⁺在不同性质土壤中的吸附行为,使用广义复合法建立的表面络合模型可以描述Cd²⁺在非石灰性土壤中的吸附与分配过程。     

新冠疫情对消费者购买渠道选择的冲击

为探究新冠疫情对消费者畜禽产品购买偏好的影响,本研究运用选择实验的方法,基于网络问卷形式获得湖北武汉、河南郑州、湖南长沙、浙江杭州4个城市934位消费者行为数据,采用混合logit模型进行数据分析。结果表明:从区域上看,不同区域消费者对线上渠道偏好存在差异,相对于轻度疫情区域,重度疫情区域的消费者对线上渠道偏好显著,对时间成本负向偏好明显,且对各属性的支付意愿均较高;从产品上看,消费者对不同产品的支付意愿存在差异,对具有品牌属性的产品支付意愿最高,可追溯信息属性次之,且同一区域内猪肉的支付意愿高于鸡肉。因此,畜禽产品零售企业应促进线上线下协同发力,提高效率吸引消费者;加强与完善可追溯畜禽产品的品牌建设;合理细分产品和区域,逐步拓展可追溯产品市场。     

Post-release movement and diel activity patterns of hatchery-reared and wild black-spot tuskfish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Choerodon schoenleinii</Emphasis> determined by ultrasonic telemetry

ABSTRACT:   Post-release movement and diel activity patterns of hatchery-reared and wild black-spot tuskfish were examined using ultrasonic telemetry. Five hatchery-reared and four wild fish were released in the sandy bottom of Urasoko Bay, Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, Japan, and monitored using automated monitoring receivers from November 2005 to February 2006. Both hatchery-reared and wild fish tended to stay near the release site for over two weeks, before leaving the release site. Both hatchery-reared and wild tuskfish showed diurnal rhythm intermittently; signals were recorded more frequently in the daytime and less frequently in the nighttime, suggesting that the fish of both origins were active during the day and inactive during the night. These findings indicate that the one-year-old hatchery-reared tuskfish have some consistent behavioral characteristics with those of the wild.     

动物行为与动物园安全管理

野生动物的行为是动物与环境相互作用的结果,动物园中动物的行为也反映出动物与相应的由人为提供的环境之间的关系。本文分析了现阶段在动物园圈养人工控制的环境下,动物展现出的有关动物行为如领域行为、攻击行为、交配行为、学习行为、摄食行为、警戒行为和体温调节行为等,以及由这些行为导致的安全问题,并有针对性地提出了在动物管理中相应的防范措施与解决办法。在动物园日常管理工作中,工作人员要熟知动物行为的目的与意义,观察动物行为,及时发现动物的不适与异常,充分掌握与安全有关的动物行为并及时分析,找出可能存在的对动物造成伤害的安全隐患,避免安全事故,给动物提供更舒适安全符合动物生物学特性的环境,同时也是提高动物福利的重要环节。     

北京城乡家庭鸡蛋购买行为特征分析

北京居民购买鸡蛋的频率高,年人均购买量较大。大约有四分之一的居民经常购买品牌鸡蛋。居民偏爱容量10~30枚的简易便携包装和减价折扣的促销方式。鸡蛋供应商应该依据不同的鸡蛋细分市场,采用差异化的产品、价格、渠道和促销策略,要加强对品牌鸡蛋内涵品质的宣传,提高市场认可度和忠诚度,同时要采取价格优惠,包装简易便携或精美等手段,促进品牌鸡蛋的销售。     

消费者对于餐饮业食品安全的态度和感知——以北京城市居民为例

以北京部分城市居民为例,对消费者对餐饮业的食品安全问题的关注进行调查,结果表明,多数消费者关注餐饮食品安全问题,其主要关心的食品安全问题有1)不新鲜的菜品原材料;2)就餐环境的不良卫生状况;3)食品添加剂的滥用;4)菜品制作过程中的不卫生环境及操作5)操作人员的卫生健康问题。同时,消费者认为导致餐饮食品安全问题发生的主要原因是餐饮经营者注重自己的利益从而忽视了消费者的利益;消费者对食品原材料及菜品成品质量的鉴别能力不高;相关部门执法力度不够等。因此,政府和有关部加强执法力度及监督检查,媒体充分发挥监督作用,同时企业能够倡导诚信经营,加强行业自律是解决餐饮业食品安全问题的有利举措。同时,提高消费者自身对食品安全的认知能力和增强维权意识也是控制餐饮安全的一项措施。     

Sesbania aegyptiaca as promising biomass for manufacturing of MDF

Sesbania fiber is a fast-growing wood species that has been investigated for medium-density fiberboard (MDF) production. To assess the possibility of applying the local industrial defibration parameters of sugar-cane bagasse (SCB) on defibration of sesbania, the chemical constituents of unfibrated and defibrated sesbania, as well as their thermal stability and scanning electron micrographs, were estimated. Different preparation variables of MDF, such as density, level of urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin (with 0.19% free-formaldehyde [HCHO]), and pressing time were studied, in comparison with that produced by using SCB fibers. The results showed that most of the tested sesbania-based MDFs have mechanical properties that fulfill the minimum requirements of MDF ANSI standard. Additionally, applying 12% UF and pressing for 240 sec provided sesbania-based MDF with optimum reduction in thickness swelling (reached ～7%). It is important to note that the sesbania-based MDF produced under these conditions is characterized by a lower TS property, than that obtained from SCB, or that reported in standards. The preliminary feasibility study revealed that using sesbania fibers will be an added economical potential for MDF production.     

Behavioral responses of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to acute fluctuations in dissolved oxygen levels as monitored by computer vision

Behavioral and ventilatory parameters have the possibility of predicting the stress state of fish in vivo and in situ. This paper presents a new image-processing algorithm for quantifying the average swimming speed of a fish school in an aquarium. This method is based on the alteration in projected area caused by the movement of individual fish during frame sequences captured at given time intervals. The image enhancement method increases the contrast between fish and background, and is thus suitable for use in turbid aquaculture water. Behavioral parameters (swimming activity and distribution parameters) and changes in ventilation frequency (VF) of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) responded to acute fluctuations in dissolved oxygen (DO) which were monitored continuously in the course of normoxia, falling DO level, maintenance of hypoxia (three levels of 1.5, 0.8 and 0.3 mg l⁻¹) and subsequent recovery to normoxia. These parameters responded sensitively to acute variations in DO level; they displayed significant changes (P < 0.05) during severe hypoxia (0.8 and 0.3 mg l⁻¹ level) compared with normoxic condition, but there was no significant difference under conditions of mild hypoxia (1.5 mg l⁻¹ level). There was no significant difference in VF between two levels of severe hypoxia 0.8 and 0.3 mg l⁻¹ level during the low DO condition. The activity and distribution parameters displayed distinguishable differences between the 0.8 and 0.3 mg l⁻¹ levels. The behavioral parameters are thus capable of distinguishing between different degrees of severe hypoxia, though there were relatively large fluctuations.