Birds in North American Great Lakes coastal wet meadows: is landscape context important?

Landscape context can influence species richness, abundance, or probability of patch-use by birds. Little is known, however, about the effects of landscape context on birds in wetland-dominated landscapes. This lack of knowledge is alarming because many wetlands are threatened by development and other human impacts, while serving critical functions as migratory, breeding and foraging habitat. To address this lack of knowledge, we censused birds in North American Great Lakes coastal wet meadows located along the northern Lake Huron shoreline in Michigan (USA) during 1997 and 1998. Using a suite of multivariate techniques, we first accounted for effects of area and within-patch habitat characteristics before testing for effects of landscape context. Most bird variables were significantly related to landscape context, and two major patterns were apparent. First, avian species richness, abundance, and probability of patch-use by some species were higher for wet meadows located in complex contexts (adjacent to many patch types) compared to simpler contexts (adjacent to only one patch type). Second, these variables were higher for wet meadows located in wetland contexts compared to contexts that were terrestrial and road-impacted, dominated by open water habitats, or dominated by forested wetland habitats. Conservation plans for wetlands have focused on saving large wetlands and creating the vegetative habitat structure required by birds, but they should go further and explicitly consider the landscape context of wetlands as well. Specifically, wetlands located in complex and/or wetland contexts should have a higher conservation value than similar wetlands located in simpler, more terrestrial contexts. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

北京市渔业水资源调研报告

水资源是首都北京城市发展的生命线。近年来,北京市的湿地产生了许多问题。湿地的总体数量减少、单块湿地面积变小、生态服务功能逐渐衰退。为了保护北京市渔业水资源,要根据资源现状和实际,以保护为根本,以维护湿地系统生态平衡、保护湿地功能和生物多样性,实现资源的可持续利用。     

浅谈天津海滨休闲旅游区景观规划

简要概括了海滨休闲旅游区的基本条件,对该区域景观规划上的突出特色加以阐释:滨海休闲旅游区景观规划融合了一些先进的规划理念,具有一定的先导性,及鲜明的自身特色。     

长白山区乌拉苔草蒸腾规律及环境因子间关系的研究

通过对长白山区沟谷沼泽湿地乌拉苔草蒸腾特性的研究得知:乌拉苔草蒸腾速率日变化在不同月份所表现的波动趋势基本相似,但最高峰的时间不同,7月份最高峰是100(H20)μmol/m2.s,8月份最高峰是105.1(H20)μmol/m2.s,时间在下午16∶00时,9月份最高峰的时间在上午10∶00时,其他月份均在中午12∶00时。不同层面叶片的蒸腾速率波动基本相似,蒸腾速率不同月份日变化规律基本一致,日变化不受生长期的影响。导致蒸腾速率变化的直接原因是环境因子综合变化影响了气孔的开闭。     

艾比湖湿地泥炭土壤养分特征分析

以新疆艾比湖湿地泥炭土壤为研究对象,结合分析化学的手段,对泥炭土壤中的有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷等养分含量、空间分布特征进行测定与统计分析。结果表明:土壤有机质、碱解氮含量呈现出较强的表聚性,养分含量中有机质含量较高;其它养分含量较低;泥炭土壤中表层土壤有机质与碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷存在显著相关性,泥炭深层土壤的有机质与碱解氮、有效磷相关性较强;空间变异特征显示,土壤各养分指标均表现为中等空间变异特征。     

农村生活污水分散式处理研究现状及技术探讨

分散式污水处理研究已经成为一种新的理念,其具有投资少、简单实用、管理方便、效率高、运行成本低等诸多优点,适合于中国农村生活污水处理。污水处理工艺技术的选择直接关系到污水处理效果及当地的环境卫生。本文综述了国内外农村分散式生活污水处理研究现状,对人工湿地、稳定塘、生物滤池、生态浮岛、厌氧生物处理工艺等主要分散式污水处理技术进行了探讨,并对常用的几种分散式污水处理技术进行了分类和比较。本文认为分散式生活污水处理组合工艺具有更强的适用性和应用性,是解决分散式生活污水处理难题的重要途径。     

洪泽湖湿地气候变化对区域农业生产的影响及对策

利用洪泽湖湿地1961—2009年气象和农作物生产资料,分析了该区域气候变化特征及其对农业生产的影响及对策。结果表明：近49年,年平均气温呈现上升趋势,以近25年上升较为明显;年降水量缓慢增加;年平均日照时数明显下降。近10年来,极端气候事件频发,极端高温和低温年份交替出现,降雨量增加,旱涝年份交替出现,日照时数大幅度减少,相对湿度明显降低,气象因素变化给农业生产带来诸多不利影响。针对气候变化提出如下对策和建议：加强防灾减灾能力建设,调整农业结构和布局,改革种植制度,发展生态农业,选育和推广适应气候变化的农作物新品种。     

组合湿地系统对养殖尾水的净化效果

利用组合湿地系统对湖区池塘养殖尾水进行净化,以实现水体循环再利用,减少对周围水环境的污染。组合湿地系统由3个莲藕净化塘、1个生态沟渠和1个人工湿地组成,面积分别为2.1 hm2、1.47 hm2和0.52 hm2,其中净化塘莲藕的覆盖度分别为0%、30%、60%。沿程采样测定水化学指标。结果显示,组合系统能够有效降低养殖尾水中的总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH4+-N)和化学耗氧量(COD)等指标。TN、TP由初始值1.3 mg/L、0.76 mg/L降到0.4 mg/L、0.09 mg/L,去除率分别为41.5%、77.5%;NH4+-N、COD由初始值0.27 mg/L、42 mg/L降到0.06 mg/L、27 mg/L,去除率分别为77.7%、35%。研究表明,该组合湿地系统能有效净化养殖尾水,实现水体循环再利用,可有效缓解南四湖的入湖污染负荷。     

Phosphorus Behavior at Sediment-Water Interface in Coastal Wetland

[Objective] The aim was to explore the role of coastal wetlands in phosphorus fixation in the Yellow River Delta.[Method] The research analyzed phosphorus behavior at sediment-water interface by static water column test. [Result] The research concluded that phosphorus concentration was in the range of 0.051-0.322 mg/L in overlying water, and phosphorus was effectively removed by degradation and adsorption. The static water column test has demonstrated that phosphorus concentration of coastal wetlands plays the role of accumulation when phosphorus concentration is lower than 7 mg/L in overlying water of coastal wetlands. It is notable that substrates of overlying water all perform well in adsorption, and the adsorption reaches saturation if the concentration goes up to 10 mg/L. [Conclusion] Coastal wetlands would significantly adsorb and degrade phosphorus in overlying water, controlling phosphorus within a lower range.