Browsing damage by moose in Swedish forests: assessments by hunters and foresters

Abstract

In Sweden, there is a longstanding conflict between the use of forests for timber production and game for hunting due to browsing damages on young forests. This study examines the assessments of two stakeholder groups regarding browsing damage by moose. The data originated from a mail survey that involved hunters and forest owners in Sweden. The samples were randomly selected from two national registers of hunters and forest owners, respectively. An ordered logit model was used to account for the assessments of severity of moose browsing damage. The results showed that on average, non-forest owning hunters rated the browsing damage on their main hunting ground lower than non-hunting forest owners rated the browsing damage on their forest estate. The respondents who both hunt and own forest had a rating that was intermediate between the former two groups. The ratings were mainly influenced by level of activity in improving game habitat, quantity of moose meat obtained, level of moose on forest estate and the importance of bagging game as well as forest estate size, hunting ground size, and the stakeholder group that the respondents belong. The findings can help in designing strategies for conflict resolution between forestry and hunting for moose.     

黄芪多糖分级组分对鸡脾淋巴细胞增殖影响

目的：探讨黄芪多糖分级组分对鸡脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响。方法：将黄芪多糖经过不同浓度的乙醇进行分级沉淀,得到3个分级组分：A1、A2、A3;将320只鸡随机分为8组,分别皮下注射A1、A2、A3、A1＋A2、A1＋A3、A2＋A3、A1＋A2＋A3和蒸馏水,每隔7d各组随机捕杀鸡4只,培养脾淋巴细胞,NTT法测定黄芪多糖分级组分对鸡脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响。结果：A2、A3、A2＋A3、A1＋A2＋A3能显著促进淋巴细胞增殖。结论：黄芪多糖免疫功能的有效部位为A2、A3,尤以A2作用显著。     

Analgesia and sedation in the critically ill

Objective: To summarize the challenges to recognizing pain in critically ill patients, the rationale for treatment even in the absence of signs of pain, and the therapeutic options available in the intensive care environment. Etiology: Pain is one of many stressors challenging the critically ill patient, and may in turn be multifactorial in nature. Common causes include local and systemic inflammation, injuries, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, immobilization, and thrombosis. Diagnosis: Critically ill animals with pain may not demonstrate overt behavioral or physiologic signs of distress. Therefore, pain must be assumed to be present for animals whose condition puts them at risk. Therapy: Currently available analgesic and sedative drugs and methods of delivery are described. Several useful analgesics and sedatives may be co‐administered as fluid additives to provide continuous therapy. Prognosis: There is growing evidence that the neuroendocrine stress response to severe injury or illness may become sufficiently intense to contribute to morbidity and mortality. Many therapeutic analgesic and sedation options provide good control of pain and stress, and in some circumstances this may improve the outcome of critical illness.     

Identification of quantitative trait loci associated with iron deficiency chlorosis resistance in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)

Iron deficiency chlorosis is an important abiotic stress affecting groundnut production worldwide in calcareous and alkaline soils with a pH of 7.5–8.5. To identify genomic regions controlling iron deficiency chlorosis resistance in groundnut, the recombinant inbred line population from the cross TAG 24 × ICGV 86031 was evaluated for associated traits like visual chlorosis rating and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading across three crop growth stages for two consecutive years. Thirty-two QTLs were identified for visual chlorosis rating (3.9%–31.8% phenotypic variance explained [PVE]) and SPAD chlorophyll meter reading [3.8%–11% PVE] across three stages over 2 years. This is the first report of identification of QTLs for iron deficiency chlorosis resistance-associated traits in groundnut. Three major QTLs (>10% PVE) were identified at severe stage, while majority of other QTLs were having small effects. Interestingly, two major QTLs for visual chlorosis rating at 60 days (2013) and 90 days (2014) were located at same position on LG AhXIII. The identified QTLs/markers after validation across diverse genetic material could be used in genomics-assisted breeding.     

皖北地区家庭农场发展困境与对策研究——以宿州市为例

通过对皖北地区示范家庭农场进行深度调研和访谈,发现目前皖北地区家庭农场存在农业基础设施建设滞后、农场融资渠道不顺畅、农业保险制度不健全、农场经营服务体系落后等问题,认为应该加大农田水利建设、推进基本农田改造,推行农场信用评级、拓宽农场融资渠道,完善农业保险制度、创新农业保险产品,建设“三农”生产服务网点、健全农场经营服务体系。     

Genetic connections between dressage and show-jumping horses in Dutch Warmblood horses

Abstract

During the last decades, the breeding practice within the Dutch Warmblood studbook (KWPN) has resulted in an increasing specialisation of horses into show-jumping (JH) and dressage (DH). The objective of this study was to describe the effect of the specialisation on the connectedness between the subpopulations of JH and DH horses registered by KWPN. The subpopulations comprised 23,800 JH horses and 18,125 DH horses, born between 1995 and 2009. Genetic similarity (GS), genetic pool in common (GC_x) based on the marginal genetic contribution of common ancestors and coefficient of relationship (r) between and within subpopulations were analysed in three periods of time to describe changes in genetic connectedness between subpopulations. A decline in GS (0.97–0.45), GC_0.5 (0.69–0.13) and r (0.018–0.014) in the recent years was observed. Both subpopulations have a common genetic pool; however, if the specialisation process continues, it will result in two unrelated (genetic) groups.     

半秋眠和非秋眠紫花苜蓿生长规律及再生性研究

研究了半秋眠和非秋眠紫花苜蓿在上海的生长规律。结果表明:半秋眠和非秋眠紫花苜蓿月产草量呈现"双峰"型变化趋势,第一个高峰值在5月,非秋眠苜蓿的峰值持续到6月;4～6月是两类苜蓿生长较快的时期,期间的累计产草量占全年总产量的53.46%～65.2%;第二个生长高峰值出现在8月份,但明显小于第一个高峰值(p<0.05);7月份两类苜蓿的产量降至谷底,出明显的"夏眠"阶段;非秋眠品种的耐热能力高于半秋眠品种,月株高持续增长期比半秋眠品种长一个月,并且在"夏眠"后株高增加的幅度也高于半秋眠品种。     

竞技健美操国际评分规则的修改与影响

运用比较分析法对竞技健美操国际评分规则中的完成与难度部分的修改进行研究,表明规则的演变将引导健美操技术向竞技级别化方向发展,对成套动作中所采用的难度动作的编排和完成质量提出了更高要求。     

我国城镇基准地价评估中存在的主要问题分析

我国的基准地价评估工作已经开展了十来年,其理论和方法在不断完善。本文从基准地价内涵、技术路线、数字化计算、样点测算方法、基准地价的合理性判断、宗地修正体系等方面,分析了我国城镇基准地价评估中存在的问题,以期有助于进一步完善我国的地价理论和方法体系。