农用地分等定级的理论与方法探讨

在分析了农用地分等定级目的基础上,将农用地分等定级分为农用地分等、农用地现实级定级和农用地潜在级定级 3 个过程。确定了农用地等、农用地现实级、农用地潜在级的内涵及评价因素选取原则,认为农用地等是我国在人多地少的情况下所产生的一个特殊的农用地质量指标;农用地现实级是体现农用地在农业用途条件下收益能力差异的一个重要指标;农用地潜在级是体现农用地作为建设用地潜在收益能力差异的一个重要指标。农用地现实级、潜在级同农用地的使用权价格、所有权价格关系紧密,是进行农用地估价的理论基础。同时阐明了农用地分等、定级与估价的关系以及确定农用地等、农用地现实级、农用地潜在级的理论与现实意义。     

Shortcuts in urban green spaces: An analysis of incidental nature experiences associated with active mobility trips

Nature experiences and active mobility both deliver well-being and health benefits but have rarely been investigated together. Conceptualizations of nature experiences largely focus on intention, and the planned motivations for visits. However, nature experiences can also be perceived incidentally, if daily living activities like trips are encouraged towards green spaces. In a public participation GIS (PPGIS) survey of five local districts in Copenhagen, 517 respondents mapped 688 places along their walking or cycling shortcut trips through green spaces. This study investigated what types of green space provide opportunities for such shortcuts, what incidental nature experiences can be perceived there and the different responses of pedestrians and cyclists. This study also explored the relation between incidental nature experiences and green space characteristics in the form of tree cover density. Lastly, this study explored whether frequent short trips through green spaces relate to nature connectedness. The results show that public green spaces and urban cemeteries in Copenhagen allow for such shortcut trips. Enjoyment of pleasing views is the most perceived incidental nature experience. Pedestrians are found more prone to experience surprise, inspiration and emotion, while cyclists prefer shortcuts close to water, which they value highly. The study suggests that high tree cover density is key to delivering incidental nature experiences. Furthermore, the study shows that people who make frequent trips through green spaces have higher levels of nature connectedness, indicating that incidental nature experiences during shortcut trips trigger the reconnection of people and nature. The study’s results support a synergistic approach to integrating green spaces and active mobility in planning and management practice, where incidental nature experiences should be emphasized.     

高梁炭疽病的严重度和品种抗性分级标准

 比较了不同品种在乳熟期的各叶位炭疽病发生程度和不同抗炭疽病性分级方法的准确度,并进行了高感对照筛选.结果制定了以株为基本取样单位的炭疽病分级标准,确定了以矮子高梁为高感对照的品种抗炭疽病性分级标准.     

天然林落叶松锯材机械应力分等法与四点弯曲性能相关性研究

采用机械应力分等法对天然林落叶松锯材进行动态弹性模量EMSR测定，依据美国标准ASTM D 4761-05测量其四点平弯与侧弯的弹性模量E4f、E4s和抗弯强度（MOR），并分析EMSR与E4f、E4s、MOR的相关性。结果显示，EMSR与E4f、E4s相关性存在较大差异，且后者高于前者。相关系数分别为0.555、0.681。 E4f、E4s与MOR相关性高于EMSR与MOR的相关性，E4s与MOR的相关性高于E4f与MOR的相关性。实验表明，采用机械应力分等法提高木材分等准确性还需进一步研究。     

我国近海捕捞渔业从业准入的问题与对策

完善捕捞业准入制度已成为当前渔业管理问题研究的热点。从捕捞渔业从业准入角度而言,我国已经根据渔船规格对职务船员、普通船员设立了相应的准入条件,但在具体实践中,存在着职务船员配备数量不足、普通船员无证上岗、农民从业人数增多及从业人员流动性大等问题,分析其原因主要包括执法检查有难度、违规成本低和准入意识淡薄等,提出了利用信息化技术手段、增加违规成本、提高从业准入条件和提升政府服务能力等建议,以期完善现有捕捞渔业从业准入制度。     

云南松林区的林火与火险等级分区初探

云南松林区发生的森林火灾是多种自然因素和人为活动综合作用的结果。通过对四川省云南松分布区不同区域与林火有关的主要气候因子分析及综合值的比较,结合地形地貌、植被状况和人为活动等多种因素,将我省云南松分布区划分成5个不同等级的火险区,并提出了相应的护林防火对策。     

完善纳税信用评估：我国税收征管走向主动的现实选择

国外的成功经验表明：推行纳税信用评估对于提高税收征管工作的主动性具有重要意义。为此，我国自2003年开始在税务机关中推行纳税信用评估。从实践来看，我国的纳税信用评估还存在着重视程度不够、评估机构缺乏和评估方法落后等问题，而改革和完善我国目前的纳税信用评估，就必须从观念重视、机构整合和方法创新等方面入手。     

Weed Control in Nigeria

Abstract

Chemical weed control is playing an increasing role in Nigerian agriculture due to the increasing cost and widespread unavailability of the labour required to carry out traditional practices. Nigeria's drive towards increased food production must involve a systematic approach to weed control based on a good understanding of weed biology and ecology. The objectives of such an approach must be the development of effective control methods which are efficient in the use of available resources and within the reach of the farmers. This paper reviews the major weed problems, the status of weed science research, and some constraints to herbicide use in Nigeria.     

A survey of rice diseases in Bangladesh

Abstract

A survey conducted during 1979–81 in Bangladesh revealed 20 rice diseases, including two viral, two bacterial, 13 fungal, two nematode and one micronutrient deficiency problem. Of these diseases. 16 appeared as major during the period under report. The number of diseases were 17, 16 and 16 during the Boro. Aus and transplant Aman seasons, respectively, with 12 common in all three seasons. Thirteen diseases including bacterial blight, bacterial leaf streak, sheath blight, sheath rot, blast, brown spot, grain spot, stem rot and leaf scald were classified as major; and tungro, bakanae, cercospora leaf spot and zinc‐deficiency were classified as either major or minor, and were common to all regions. Diseases not common in all regions were stack burn, root knot, and ufra classified as major or minor, and false smut, seedling blight. Yellow dwarf and damping off which were always classified as minor. Diseases which were typical for Boro. Aus and transplant Aman seasons were seedling blight and damping off. Yellow dwarf, and false smut respectively. Aus the most humid and warmest season, and the coastal humid areas experienced more major diseases. Seasonal and regional differences in the disease incidence appeared related to agro‐climatic variations.