钻孔压浆桩在黑河圆砾层中的应用

钻孔压浆桩作为一种新的基础形式,在其它地区已经成为一种比较成熟的技术,但在黑河地区特别在圆砾石地层中还没有成功的经验,在钻进成孔过程中能否成孔,是否坍塌,承载力能提高多少一直是人们所关心的问题,加之以前有过不成功的钻孔桩,引进此项技术的难度较大,直到2001年黑河海关办公楼采用此种基础并获得成功,钻孔压浆桩才在黑河得以推广。     

Predator–prey size relationship in siphon cropping between the juvenile stone flounder Platichthys bicoloratus and the bivalve Nuttallia olivacea

ABSTRACT:   The purpose of the present paper was to examine the size relationship between the juvenile stone flounder Platichthys bicoloratus and the bivalve Nuttallia olivacea , the siphon of which is important prey for the juvenile flounder. Juvenile stone flounder feed mainly on tips of the inhalant siphon of the bivalve. The maximum width of siphon tips in the stomach contents of age-0 fish could not reach that of age-1 fish, although the siphons in age-0 fish became larger as they grew. This size discrepancy indicated a limitation in the size of bivalves available to juveniles. The proportion of total cropping frequency for the siphon of the bivalve by juveniles was estimated according to the bivalve size class. Most bivalves that had cropped siphon tips ranged from 5 to 30 mm in shell length. The total cropping frequency per bivalve was particularly intense on bivalves of 10–25 mm shell length in spite of their small proportion of 24.9% of the total. This frequency intensity indicated that the size of bivalves with cropped siphons by juvenile stone flounder might depend on the ability of juveniles rather than the size composition of the bivalves.     

振冲碎石桩在软弱地基中的应用

以固镇船闸的施工实例,介绍了在不排水抗剪强度ｃｕ值小于２０ｋＰａ的软缭淤泥地基中,采用拓冲碎石桩加固的施工方法和控制措施,并通过载荷试验得出加固后的承载力数值,并据此采用经济设计方案。     

Effect of indigenous stone bunding (kab) on crop yield at Mesobit‐Gedeba,North Shoa,Ethiopia

Stone bunding ( kab ) is an age‐old local conservation practice at Mesobit‐Gedeba. This study was conducted to assess the effect of this indigenous practice on crop yield. We compared original ground slope, terrace width, and slope position of the terraced area. The effect of slope width and slope position were found significant (p < 0·05) for both grain and biomass yields of the terraced sites. The mean grain and biomass yields decreased as the original ground slope of the terraced site increased. Both grain and biomass yields decreased with the width of the inter‐terrace area. Significant differences (p < 0·05) in mean grain and biomass yields were observed between the three slope positions. They decreased as one moved up the slope within the inter‐terrace area. In general, the study indicated that indigenous stone bunding has a positive effect on sorghum yield. Future studies should address different locations and crops and ways of integrating indigenous stone bunding with the current conservation programmes of the region. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

振冲碎石桩复合地基在沿海大型原油储备库中的应用

仪征油库15万m3超大型油罐的建造,这在国内尚属首例,油罐采用振冲碎石桩复合地基取得了较为满意的效果。通过介绍该工程地基处理的试桩、试桩检测结果的分析,施工工艺、工程桩检测标准的确定及最后处理效果,为大型油罐地基处理提供了一种效果理想的处理方法。通过对其运用作以介绍,以其对类似工程提供参考。     

褐石风格园林景观设计探析

总结了褐石风格的经典符号及设计手法,并以吉林市某中高端地产项目为例,阐述褐石园林景观设计的相关概念及方案设计.     

强化麦饭石对鹅羽绒生长效果的研究

用９０只３０日龄太湖鹅等分为试验组与对照组，试验组加喂强化麦饭石，每日每只２ｇ，对照组不喂，其它饲养条件相同，试验结果表明，强化麦饭石能明显地促进鹅羽绒生长，提高羽绒产量．和对照组比较，试验组的平均活重、片毛与绒毛分别增产１６．９％，１７．Ｏ％和５８．６％；绒朵的拉长增加０．５ｃｍ，含绒朵量增加２．９％．     

Seasonal Surface Drainage of Sloping Farmland: A Review of Its Hydrogeomorphic Impacts

The combination of runoff‐generating areas (saturated soils) and overland flow concentration in features such as drainage ditches makes sloping farmland vulnerable to soil erosion. The establishment of drainage ditches aims at draining the excess of water from the farmland, particularly in areas where soils are saturated in the rainy season. The hydrogeomorphic impacts on the farmland itself and on downstream areas need however also to be studied. Off site, downstream problems comprise higher peak discharges, leading to gully initiation, an increase in sediment load, and flooding problems. On‐site problems such as the development of the drainage ditches into (ephemeral) gullies are less documented, although they may be important, as illustrated in the Lake Tana Basin (Ethiopia). The similarities and interactions between ephemeral gully channels and drainage ditches have to be considered to better understand all effects of drainage. Drainage ditches are a potential source of conflict between farmers with different interests and power, as well as between upstream and downstream users. A case study on drainage ditches on sloping farmlands in the Lake Tana Basin showed that nine out of ten catchments had drainage densities by ditches ranging from 53 to 510 m ha⁻¹. Drainage ditches were constructed with an average top width of 27 (±9) cm. A significant correlation was found between stone bund density (physical conservation structures) and ditch drainage density (R = −0·72), in line with the Ethiopian government's ban on drainage ditches in farmlands where stone bunds have been constructed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application of ground‐penetrating radar to determine the thickness of Pleistocene periglacial slope deposits

Wide areas of the mountainous regions of Germany have rock covered by Pleistocene periglacial slope deposits (PPSD), formed by gelifluction during the cold periods of the ice ages in non‐glaciated areas. The PPSD provide the parent material for soil development, and their physical characteristics affect several stabile soil properties. Because the PPSD play a significant ecological role, we studied the spatial distribution and properties of the PPSD in order to assess the distribution of the stabile soil properties. The high stone content of the PPSD greatly hinders augering and digging. Hence, we tested the use of ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) as a potentially time‐saving, non‐destructive method to determine the thickness of the PPSD. In several study areas of the Rhenish Massif, GPR investigations of single soil profiles and soil transects along an exposed gas‐pipeline ditch were carried out. The GPR images were compared to the actual thickness of the layers of the PPSD exposed in the profiles and the ditch. In the GPR images usually at least one distinct boundary could be identified, which occurs at the transition between the loose material and the hard rock, mostly ranging between 50 and 150 cm depth. In some cases, in which stone content changed abruptly between different layers of the PPSD, also the boundaries between these layers could be identified in the GPR image. On the other hand, in areas where remnants of the Mesozoic‐Tertiary weathering mantle are preserved, the boundary between the saprolite and the overlying basal layer of the PPSD is ambiguous or not at all visible.     

渤海石鲽、星鲽、高眼鲽及焦氏舌鳎的食性

本文记载了对渤海石鲽(Platichthys bicoloratus)、星鲽(Verasper variegatus)、高眼鲽(Cleisthenes herzensteini)及焦氏舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)四种经济比目鱼类食性的研究所得。石鲽及星鲽属底栖生物与游泳生物食性鱼类;高眼鲽属底栖生物食性鱼类;焦氏舌鳎属底栖与游泳生物食性鱼类。生活于同一生物群落中的比目鱼类以其营养生态位的部分交错,从而缓和了对食物的竞争。 材料与方法