农村电力排灌站电气设备最优配置的若干思考

农村电力排灌站电气设备主要是利用电力进行农业用水资源调配的水利设施。笔者根据自身工作经验,主要对农村电力排灌站电气设备最优配置进行了一番分析与研究。     

不同植被配置对高速公路边坡面蚀的影响

选择银武高速公路同心至固原段为研究区,设计4种不同的植被配置模式,同时设立对照,采用插签法观测面蚀,分析不同植被配置对公路面蚀量的影响。试验结果表明:植被可有效的保护高速公路边坡,明显减弱面蚀;面蚀量与降雨量之间存在对数函数关系,面蚀量随降雨量的增加而增大,但是有植被的地方增加速率明显低于无植被区的;沙冬青+冰草(移植)+苜蓿配置模式防护效果最好,效益最佳。     

商丘市高校校园植物景观研究

运用园林植物学、景观生态学、美学等学科的基本原理及方法,通过对商丘市具有代表性的高校校园植物景观进行实地调查研究,并对植物景观及相关问题进行分析和评价,总结出商丘市高校校园植物景观的特点、艺术手法,并对商丘高校校园植物景观规划建设中存在的问题进行了探讨。在此基础上,提出了对策建议,以期为河南省内外高校同类区域校园植物景观与规划建设提供参考依据。     

植被和梯田措施对坡沟系统细沟侵蚀调控作用

坡沟系统作为黄土丘陵沟壑区基本的地貌单元,也是黄土高原侵蚀泥沙的主要来源区。植被和梯田作为坡面水土流失治理的主要措施,对于土壤侵蚀控制和生态恢复发挥着重要的作用,定量评估林草、梯田对坡面细沟侵蚀的调控作用以及多措施协同配置问题对于黄土高原水土流失治理和生态保护具有重要意义。为了揭示植被和梯田的格局和配置对坡沟系统细沟侵蚀的协同调控作用,该研究采用人工模拟降雨,结合三维激光扫描技术,分析了坡面4种措施：上坡位植被（措施A）、下坡位植被（措施B）、梯田（措施C）、梯田+植被（措施D）对细沟侵蚀发生和演变过程的影响。结果表明：1）相同植被覆盖度下,下坡位的植被布设细沟最大长度较上坡位的植被布设细沟最大长度减小量更大;2）第1次降雨中,侵蚀率最大值达到3 500 g/min以上,第2次降雨过程中侵蚀率最大值仅为1 100 g/min以上,在各产流时间内第2次降雨侵蚀率均为第1次降雨侵蚀率的1/3～1/2;3）对于各措施下细沟沟长发育率由大到小表现为措施A(6.55 cm/min)、措施C(5.71 cm/min)、措施B(3.60 cm/min)、措施D(2.69 cm/min);4）梯田与植...     

红豆树老林分的群落特征

红豆树群落乔木层物种种类相对较少,红豆树、榕冬青、青冈栎、苦槠4个树种在乔木层中占居绝对优势地位,四者是红豆树群落的主要共建种;木荷、朴树、樟树、米槠、广东润楠、南岭黄檀6个树种的重要值分别为4.0、6.1、6.1、3.2、3.1、3.0,在红豆树群落中的生态环境资源的竞争能力相差不大。红豆树在群落中处于乔木上层,为林中霸王木,具有较显著的相对优势度,成林后对光照条件的竞争具有绝对优势。红豆树群落乔木层的垂直层次结构中,上层木为红豆树和米槠,中层木为榕冬青和青冈栎,苦槠、木荷、朴树、樟树、广东润楠、南岭黄檀为下层木。红豆树在群落中的水平层次地位最高,榕冬青、青冈栎、米槠次之。乔木层中处于上层地位的4个树种在灌木层中,其幼树的重要值仍然位居前列,红豆树、青冈栎、苦槠、榕冬青的重要值分别为7.94、5.94、2.57、2.48。可见红豆树群落的自然演替趋势仍然以红豆树、青冈栎、榕冬青、苦槠为主要共生结构,在无干扰状态下红豆树群落能够实现自然更替。     

浅议文化造园

首先分析当前文化造园存在的一些问题,包括漠视园林文化和歪曲传统文化的现象,继而指出文化造园需要了解场地、尊重历史,其发展与丰富依赖于人与风景在时间长轴上的共同作用、不断积淀；最后以南宁孔庙植物景观和贵港龙蝠山庄假山的设计为例,简明阐释了在园林设计过程中如何结合实际、因地制宜,有效传承、发扬中国传统园林植物文化和山水文化.     

Performance of rainy season greengram as influenced by land configuration and phosphorus application

A field experiment was carried out for 2 crop years (July‐October) at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of land configuration and phosphorus levels on the growth and yield of rainy season greengram under limited irrigation facility. The crop sown on 2 meter wide broad bed and furrow (BBF) showed higher growth attributes, nodulation, yield attributes and yield compared to flat bed (FB) sowing. Application of 30 and 60 kg P₂O₅ha_‐1 showed significant increase in growth attributes, nodulation, yield attributes and yield as compared to no phosphorus application. The moisture status in the soil determined the optimum dose of phosphorus needed for greengram. The combination of BBF sowing and application of 60 kg P₂O₅ ha^?1 recorded the highest grain yield among all the combinations of land configuration and phosphorus levels.     

漯河市沙澧河公园植物配置模式应用技术探讨

在漯河市沙澧河公园植物营造过程中,科学筛选适宜品种,充分利用乡土树种,进行合理配置,营造连续性滨河公园园林景观,构建地带性植物群落,既美化了环境,也保证了生态平衡。     

Distribution and properties of geographically distinct isolates of sugar beet yellowing viruses

From a total of 261 yellow sugarbeet leaves collected from 10 countries representing three continents, the incidence and distribution of strains of Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV), Beet chlorosis virus (BChV) and Beet yellows virus (BYV) were analysed using serological and molecular methods. BMYV was found in all countries except Greece, and more frequently in the northern and western areas of Europe, whereas BYV predominated in Turkey, Spain, Greece, the USA and Chile. BChV, originally found in the USA and the UK in 1989, was identified in France, Spain, the Netherlands and Chile. Nine sugar beet poleroviruses, plus a reference isolate of Turnip yellows virus (TuYV, syn. Beet western yellows virus ), were further characterized and compared. Isolates obtained from sugar beet infected this species, but not oilseed rape or lettuce; all isolates except one infected Capsella bursa-pastoris . The coat-protein sequences of these isolates were highly similar, with the consensus sequence representing 89% of nucleotide residues. Within the coat-protein gene, two regions were identified that could represent specific epitopes to which monoclonal antibody BYDV-PAV-IL-1 could bind; this antibody is used to distinguish beet poleroviruses in ELISA. Comparison of the sequences at the 5' end showed that sequence homology existed only between isolates with the same host range. The first sequence data of polerovirus isolates from Chile are presented, showing that the coat protein and the 5' end of their genomes are highly similar to those of BMYV isolates found in Europe. Chilean polerovirus isolates may have been imported from the northern hemisphere in sugar beet breeding material.     

CARDIOVASCULAR AND GASTROINTESTINAL RADIOGRAPHIC CONTRAST STUDIES IN THE HORSESHOE CRAB (LIMULUS POLYPHEMUS)

Survey and contrast radiographic studies of the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal systems of the American horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) were undertaken using conventional and flouroscopic techniques. Normal gastrointestinal and cardiovascular structures were difficult to resolve on survey radiographs, but were well visualized with gastrointestinal follow through studies and angiography, respectively. All three contrast agents (iohexol, Gastrografin, and barium sulfate) used for the gastrointestinal studies varied minimally in their radiographic quality and transit times, and all appeared to be safe for use in the horseshoe crab.