马尾松球果分级对种子播种品质的影响

本文采用有序样本分类方法,以马尾松球果的果径为分级指标,球果使用价值为分类依据,将马尾松球果分为四级．这种分类结果反映出不同等级球果的使用价值．     

正丁醇/柴油喷雾特性及缸内混合气形成过程数值模拟

为了研究正丁醇掺混比对燃料自身喷雾特性的影响以及探讨缸内喷雾过程随掺混比的变化规律,该文采用定容弹试验和缸内喷雾数值模拟相结合的方法,正丁醇掺混比从0增加到40%,分析了燃料的理化特性。采用定容弹试验系统对燃料的喷雾参数进行了研究,采用缸内模拟的方法分析了掺混比对喷雾过程的影响。结果表明,定容弹环境下,正丁醇掺混比增加40%,贯穿距离减小4.95%,喷雾锥角增大16.7%,喷油压力增加30 MPa,喷雾锥角增加28.43°;缸内喷雾过程中,掺混比对贯穿距离影响较小;混合气形成初始阶段,掺混比越高,燃料的SMD(sauter meandiameter)越小,最终趋于一致;随着掺混比增加,燃料喷射质量降低,蒸发质量上升;掺混比越高,喷注的速度峰值降低;在喷注下游中心区域喷雾液滴数密度最高;正丁醇有助于缸内的喷雾过程,掺混比增加,喷雾特性越好。     

虾蛄光感受器组织学特点研究

为进一步探讨甲壳类光感受器的结构和功能,采用石蜡切片技术对虾蛄复眼组织结构进行了研究.分析发现虾蛄复眼呈短棒状,由折光系统、感光系统和反光系统组成.折光系统包括角膜和晶锥.感光系统由6个远端小网膜细胞和7个近端小网膜细胞构成,彼此之间通过突起相连接.感杆束较短,为闭合型.反光系统由色素组成.近端小网膜细胞之间分布有一种合胞体细胞,可能也有感光功能.     

用CONE法研究ULDM的阻燃特性

采用硼、氮-磷、硅和卤素系4种组分复合的无机阻燃剂制备难燃超轻质木纤维发泡材料(ULDM),通过锥形量热仪(CONE)法对超轻质木纤维发泡材料独特的燃烧热解特点、燃烧过程的热释放及阻燃剂各组分协效作用进行研究。结果表明,超轻质木纤维发泡材料的燃烧热解有不同于其他木质材料的爆燃现象,放热集中且迅速,瞬间放热量高。经无机复合阻燃处理后的超轻质木纤维发泡材料有焰燃烧时间低于30 s,在火场高温中能够维持阴燃状态,燃烧热解进程缓和,放热平稳。证明了复合阻燃剂各组分可充分产生协效阻燃作用,硼系能迅速形成玻璃态隔离层,氮-磷系能促进脱水成炭,硅系能有效增强纤维和炭层热稳定性,卤素系能极大降低有效燃烧热。     

松果梢斑螟成虫的寄主选择

在松果梢斑螟成虫产卵期,采用顶空吸附法和CC-:MS分析,研究虫害后油松球果萜类挥发物成分的变化.油松虫害球果(枝)单萜挥发物的释放呈现昼夜节律,并且特异性挥发组分为1R-(+)-α-蒎烯、β-香叶烯和D-柠檬烯.梢斑螟成虫为夜出性害虫,因此产卵期晚上的球果(枝)挥发物更有意义.油松和华山松球果的触角电位(EAG)测试表明:虫害球果与健康球果相比,梢斑螟(雌雄蛾)对油松虫害球果的EAG反应更明显;而对华山松虫害球果和健康球果的EAG反应差异不明显.Y-型嗅觉仪的趋向试验表明:雌成虫的寄主选择性明显高于雄虫,油松球果提取液的引诱作用高于华山松球果,而当年生针叶提取液、虫害球果及其提取液挥发物对雌成虫的引诱作用均高于健康球果;挥发物标准品测试显示,1R-(+)-β-蒎烯、β-香叶烯和D-柠檬烯组合具有明显的引诱作用.虫害油松球果及其提取液可显著刺激雌成虫产卵,表明油松虫害球果提取液组分中存在着雌成虫的产卵刺激物;华山松球果提取液的存在明显抑制了雌虫在油松虫害球果提取液滤纸上的产卵,表明华山松球果提取液中可能有产卵拒避剂.     

Schima superba as a fuelbreak: Litter combustibility of three tree species with five water content levels using a cone calorimeter

To determine the suitability of Schima superba Gardn. et Champ as a fuelbreak, we compared and analyzed the flammability characteristics of tree litter from three trees commonly grown in south China, i.e., Pinus massoniana Lamb., Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook., and S. superba, using a cone calorimeter at five different water content levels. Water content levels of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% for the litter were manually produced with a new technique of adding water to dry litter. The cone calorimeter utilized a radiant heat intensity for leaf litter of 20 kW/m² (510°C) and for twig litter of 30 kW/m² (608°C). Results show that fixing the water content level by adding water with a pipette was an acceptable technique. For S. superba, compared to P. massoniana and C. lanceolata, 1) the heat release rate (HRR) was slower and lower; 2) the total heat released (THR) from the material was lower and started later in the burning process; and 3) except for the 10% water content, pkHRR/TTI was less. These results show that overall, S. superba was the best of the three species to be used as a fuelbreak in south China. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2008, 44(5): 96–101 [译自: 林 业科学]     

旋转式多进料分配器番茄籽皮分离机的研究与设计

基于番茄皮渣籽、皮物理形态和在介质水中悬浮特性的差异,设计了一种具有多个旋转式进料分配器的番茄籽皮分离机。简述了主体结构和工作原理,并对核心工作部件结构进行了理论分析,对关键性能参数进行了设计计算。分离试验表明:该机性能稳定,分离效果好,能够满足番茄皮渣深加工对籽、皮分离的生产需要,具有推广应用价值。     

沧州地区深层地下水位降落漏斗演变特征与形成机理探讨

沧州地区深层地下水降落漏斗已经成为了制约当地经济发展的主要因素。通过对沧州地区第III含水层组地下水水位降落漏斗的形成和发展演化分析,将其划分为4个阶段,分别为直线发展阶段、稳定发展阶段、急剧扩张阶段和逐渐恢复阶段,并对不同阶段内漏斗的形态和演化特征进行了阐述,提出各阶段影响漏斗演变特征的主导因素。同时指出了地下水位降落漏斗的环境响应,提出了应对水危机的合理化建议。     

Conotoxins: Therapeutic Potential and Application

The pharmacological variety of conotoxins, diverse peptides found in the venoms of marine cone snails, is well recognized. Venoms from each of the estimated 500 species of cone snails contain 50 to 200 distinct biologically active peptides. Most conotoxins characterized to date target receptors and ion channels of excitable tissues, such as ligand-gated nicotinic acetylcholine, N-methyl-D-aspartate, and type 3 serotonin receptors, as well as voltage-gated calcium, sodium, and potassium channels, and G-protein-coupled receptors including α-adrenergic, neurotensin, and vasopressin receptors, and the norepinephrine transporter. Several conotoxins have shown promise in preclinical models of pain, convulsive disorders, stroke, neuromuscular block, and cardioprotection. The pharmacological selectivity of the conotoxins, coupled with the safety and efficacy demonstrated in preclinical models, has led to their investigation as human therapeutic agents. In the following review, we will survey the pharmacology and therapeutic rationale of those conotoxins with potential clinical application, and discuss the unique challenges that each will face in the course of their transition from venom component to human therapeutic.     

Fire-retardant and smoke-suppressant performance of an intumescent waterborne amino-resin fire-retardant coating for wood

An intumescent waterborne amino-resin fire-retardant coating for wood (C) was synthesized and its fire-retardant and smoke-suppressant properties were investigated. The main film-builder of C was urea-formaldehyde resin blended with polyvinyl acetate resin. The intumescent fire-retardant system of C consisted of guanylurea phosphate (GUP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), pentaerythritol (PER) and melamine (MEL). Specimens of plywood painted, respectively, with a commercial intumescent fire-retardant coating (A), a synthesized coating (C), and the main film-builder of coating C (B), as well as an unpainted plywood (S-JHB), were analyzed by cone calorimetry (CONE). The results show a marked decrease in the heat release rate (HRR) and the total heat release (THR), an increased mass of residual char (Mass), a marked postponement in time to ignition (TTI) and a reduced carbon monoxide production rate (P _CO). The smoke production rate (SPR) and total smoke production (TSP) of the plywood painted with coating C were observed with the CONE test. The overall fire-retardant and smoke-suppressant performance of the synthesized coating C was much better than that of the commercial coating A. The thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) results of coating C and its film-builder B indicated that the thermal degradation process of B was slowed down by the addition of the intumescent fire-retardant system; the increase in the amount of charring of coating C was considerable. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(12): 117–121 [译自: 林业科学]