发展我国非公有制林业若干问题的思考

本文从几个方面阐述了大力发展非公有制林业的意义,针对当前我国发展非公有制林业存在的若干制约因素,提出了建立市场机制、政策支持、设立特区和发行彩票等对策和建议。     

西双版纳自然保护区周边社区南坪村发展障碍分析及对策研究

根据西双版纳国家级自然保护区周边社区基本情况,以自然保护区周边社区中的南坪村为调查对象,采用问卷调查的方式,调查、分析多年来村民贫困的特征、成因,自然资源保护与社区经济发展所面临的问题,藉此提出综合开发利用林下资源,加强人力资源素质培训,规范市场管理等解决这些问题的建议。     

国家网络森林医院中建立林木健康卡构想

为了适应林改形势,强化公共服务,完善服务功能,建议在国家网络森林医院中,针对具有林权证的用户建立林木健康卡,记录林地的基本信息、林木防治活动以及用户在网院的咨询与专家的解答等信息,实现网院"服务社会、服务林改、服务现代林业"的宗旨。本文系统地探讨了建立林木健康卡的可行性、设计原则、实现方法与使用方法。     

Perceived risk sources and strategies to cope with risk among forest owners with and without off-property work in eastern Norway

Abstract

This paper presents empirical insight into part-time and full-time property owners’ perceptions of risk and risk management strategies. In addition, the relationships between forest owners with varying degree of off-property work and property and forest owner characteristics, risk perceptions, risk management strategies and harvesting behaviour are examined. The data originate from a questionnaire responded to by forest owners in eastern Norway which were merged with 9 years of logging data. Timber price variability and institutional risks were perceived as primary sources of risk. Use of advisers from the forest owners’ association, buying personal insurance and off-property work were perceived as the most important ways to handle risk. The results show that off-property work affects to a lesser degree what forest owners perceived as important risk sources, but that risk perceptions affect to a stronger degree the ways in which risk was dealt with. The chosen risk management strategies influenced the forest owner's harvesting behaviour to some extent, but more research on the issue is needed to clarify the relationship. There was a positive relationship between owners with off-property activities and their performance as timber suppliers. Several measures, such as improved rural education, revision of some of the arrangements that regulate property mergers and support measures for increased on-property diversification may increase annual timber harvesting and reduce variability in harvesting level.     

Comparison of harvesting and business activities of non-shareholders and shareholders in a forest common in Västerbotten,Sweden

Abstract

Swedish forest commons are collectively owned and managed by shareholders who always also own other forest holdings. The majority of them are non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners. The objective of this study was to assess differences, with respect to harvesting intensity and related business activities on their individually managed forest properties, between non-shareholders and shareholders in a Swedish forest common. Forest commons are intended to promote local agriculture and forestry and to serve as a model for forestry activities. On this basis, the hypotheses examined in this study were that the shareholders’ harvesting and business activities, as well as their contributions to the local economy, are greater than those of non-shareholders. An apparent difference between shareholders and non-shareholders was found, but it was unexpected since non-shareholders undertook more harvesting and business activities than shareholders, and contributed more to the local economy through taxes. Since no evidence was found for a significant difference between the two categories in their potential to undertake forestry activities, one provisional conclusion is that the outcome is partly due to differences between the institutional frameworks in which shareholders and non-shareholders operate and the impact of these frameworks on incentives to maximize forest production.     

Value-added strategies and forward integration in the Swedish sawmill industry: positioning and profitability in the high-volume segment

Abstract

The changing market conditions for the Swedish sawmill industry place a focus on a better understanding of the pros and cons of value-added and forward integration strategies. The purpose of this article is to describe and explain recent value-added strategies in the Swedish sawmill industry. The study includes strategies from 13 of the 15 largest sawmill companies for the period between 2002 and 2005, describing a differentiation between value added in primary sawmill production and forward integration into secondary production. It also aims to relate some basic conditions, such as company size, company growth and corporate strategy, to value added and forward integration to profitability. The results show strong positive and significant correlations between forward integration, value added in primary production (somewhat weaker) and unit revenue, and profitability measured as return on investment. There were no strong or significant correlations between size and profitability, playing down the importance of economies of scale (among these already large companies). An interesting result is the much higher profitability of the buying sawmill companies compared with the forest corporations, stressing the importance of both a long-term strategy when investing in value-added activities and ultimately the priorities of ownership.     

云南省巍山县集体商品林林权改革与松茸的人工促繁栽培技术

目前随着市场对松茸的需求越来越大,松茸价格持续上涨,但由于对松茸的掠夺式采摘和无序利用,使松茸天然资源不断下降,而且使松茸资源受到严重威胁。因此,做好集体林权改革,实施推广松茸的人工促繁栽培技术,是保护松茸资源和持续利用松茸的关键,从而实现松茸资源的有效保护和持续发展。     

我国农业数据发展现状及确权必要性研究

近年来,随着科技的迅速发展,传统农业也正在被人工智能、大数据、云计算等先进技术进行重构和升级,数字农业成为数字经济的重要组成部分。农业数据的保护和利用也因此成为普遍关注的重大问题,相关数据的采集、数据标注和确权、数据交易和保护等都可转化为产业价值。为促进数字经济发展和数据治理,我国出台了一系列政策法规,增设了国家数据局及数据交易所等组织机构,但目前数据确权的法律法规暂未出台,基于农业数据确权的机制尚未建立,对农业数据造成一定的隐患,对释放农业数据要素价值、促进数字农业各环节参与者共享数字经济发展红利造成一定影响。本文立足农业数据各环节现状,分析农业数据存在的风险隐患,围绕农业数据确权的必要性进行浅论,力争为相关企业、机构及学者推进农业数据确权的路径探索、机制建立提供一定的理论基础。