明晰集体土地产权 促进农村税费改革

本文在分析农村集体土地产权制度不足及影响基础上，提出明晰集体土地产权，促进农村税费改革的措施，即明确集体准土地所有权主体权利，明晰土地产权结构，界定租税费，并完善法制上的保障。     

Simulating private land ownership fragmentation in the Missouri Ozarks, USA

Increasing land ownership fragmentation in the United States is causing concerns with respect to its ecological implications for forested landscapes. This is especially relevant given that human influence is one of the most significant driving forces affecting the forest landscape. A method for generating realistic land ownership maps is needed to evaluate the effects of ownership fragmentation on forest landscapes in combination with other natural processes captured in forest process models. Ownership patterns from human activities usually generate landscape boundary shapes different from those arising from natural processes. Spatial characteristics among ownership types – e.g., private, public ownership – may also differ. To address these issues, we developed the Fragmented Land Ownership Spatial Simulator (FLOSS) to generate ownership patterns that reflect the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) shapes and various patch size distributions among different types of ownership (e.g., private, public). To evaluate FLOSS performance, we compared the simulated patterns with various ownership fragmentation levels to the actual ownership patterns in the Missouri Ozarks by using selected landscape indices. FLOSS generated landscapes with spatial characteristics similar to actual landscapes, suggesting that it can simulate different levels of ownership fragmentation. This will allow FLOSS to serve as a feasible tool for evaluating forest management applications by spatially allocating various management scenarios in a realistic way. The potentials and limitations of FLOSS application are discussed.     

Regional forest fragmentation effects on bottomland hardwood community types and resource values

In human-dominated regions, forest vegetation removal impacts remaining ecosystems but regional-scale biological consequences and resource value changes are not well known. Using forest resource survey data, I examined current bottomland hardwood community types and a range of fragment size classes in the south central United States. Analyses examined resource value indicators, appraised tree-based flood zone and shade tolerance indices, and identified potential regional-scale processes. Findings revealed that the largest fragments had fewer tree species, reduced anthropogenic use evidence, and more older and wetter community types than small fragments. Results also suggested the need for incorporating hydrologic, geomorphic, and understory vegetation parameters in regional forest resource monitoring efforts.Two regional-scale processes are hypothesized: (1) forest fragmentation occurs more frequently in drier habitats and dry zone (inundated 2 months annually), younger seral stage bottomland community types; and (2) forest fragmentation induces establishment of drier habitats or dry zone, younger serai stage community types. Both hypotheses suggest that regional forest fragmentation impacts survival of distinct community types, anthropogenic uses, and multiple resource values.     

清代鄠县商号泰来恒土地经营研究

商号即商业经济组织,商号土地经营直接表现是以商号名义签订土地契约并加以经营。作为关中商号之一,泰来恒已在鄠县经营四十余年,前后共占有民地、军地、王地等各类土地238.995亩,获取地租381.07石,输送地价钱641余万文。商号不同于传统地主,它具有合伙因素,属于商人经营体制的创新,且商号的土地伴随商业资本的流动,不是世代占有。以地为锚,纳租抵息是泰来恒的经营特点;泰来恒属于中小平民地主阶级,并不符合“关中模式”;以泰来恒为代表的商号具有规模经营因素,是“中国式租地农场主”,为目前农村农地产权流转以及土地规模经营方式提供了经验与借鉴。     

建立符合我国国情的野生动物所有权制度

野生动物所有权制度对野生动物之保护、开发与利用意义重大,但在我国立法上存有较大争议。本文通过域外法考察,分析比较各国野生动物所有权制度,并结合我国国情,提出了建立以国家所有权为主体的多元化野生动物所有权制度之立法建议。     

集体林权制度改革探析

在论述集体林权制度改革的历史沿革、林权制度对发展的制约等背景的基础上,阐明了进行林权制度改革的重要性和必要性.认为集体林权制度改革必须坚持农村土地基本经营制度,确立农民的经营主体地位,明晰林地使用权和林木所有权,放活经营权.改革的目标是:山有其主,主有其权,权有其责,责有其利.改革的主要内容是:明晰产权、放活经营、减轻税费、规范流转、综合配套.     

山西省非公有制林业发展的现状及分析

通过对山西省非公有制林业现状进行调查和分析,剖析了制约和影响山西省非公有制林业发展的内外部因素,为实现山西省非公有制林业健康、快速和可持续发展提供了一些可供借鉴的思路和建议。     

农地经营规模对农户农机服务外包的影响 ——基于地权稳定性的调节效应

农机外包服务是农业社会化服务体系的重要内容,事关农业机械化发展和小农户与现代农业的有机衔接。本文使用全国性大样本数据CLDS2016,应用Ordered Probit模型研究农地经营规模对农户农机服务外包的影响,并探讨地权稳定性在其中的调节效应。研究发现:虽然我国小农经济仍然较为普遍,但农机外包服务推广已取得一定成效,可以通过服务规模经营发展农业规模经营;农地经营规模与农户农机服务外包呈倒U形曲线关系,拐点为2.833 hm~2,不同农地经营规模农户的农机服务外包行为具有差异性;地权稳定性中仅土地调整具有调节作用且为负向,相比有土地调整,没有土地调整(地权稳定)时农地规模与农机外包的曲线拐点左移2.011 hm~2;地权稳定性中农地确权颁证使曲线拐点左移0.709 hm~2,但调节效应不显著,原因可能是确权的政策效应具有滞后性。因此,发展农机外包服务市场需综合考虑区域差异性和农户农业生产的多样化需求,并提高农机外包的服务质量,规范市场运行,同时也需完善农地确权政策的配套制度并建立土地数据平台。     

我国农村土地产权制度的完善

在借鉴相关研究成果并结合我国目前农村土地产权制度中存在的具体问题以及具体产权制度的可操作性的基础上,提出农村土地产权制度的构想,以应对我国农村土地产权制度下存在的问题。     

浅谈面向林农的信息服务体系建设框架

集体林权制度改革的全面推行,把林地经营权和林木所有权落实到农户,确立了农民的经营主体地位,激发了广大林农的积极性。这些林农在林木经营的过程中需要各种的信息和服务,如林木的养护知识、林业政策、市场经济信息和咨询服务等,但林农群体主动获取信息的能力不强,获取信息的渠道也非常有限。如何为这些林农提供所需的服务,满足他们的信息需求成为林权改革过程中急需解决的一个重要问题。在讨论了林农信息需求的前提下,提出了一个专门针对林农的信息服务体系框架。