厌氧附着膜膨胀床工艺处理有机污水的研究

用厌氧附着膜膨胀床工艺处理高浓度有机污水,可以取得相当高的运行效率,在进水COD浓度依次为5104,11006和29874mg/l,水力滞留时间为4.0,8.0和17.7小时的条件下,装置的COD负荷达30.6,33.0和40.4g/1.d,容积产气率达13.4,14.7和16.9 1/l.d,COD去除率稳定在80％以上,沼气CH_4含量高于56％.试验表明,处理上述各档浓度污水的适宜COD负荷为359/1.d;适宜的水力滞留时间为4.0,8.0和18.0小时.     

鲜榨苹果汁陶瓷膜超滤澄清与除菌的中试试验研究

该研究应用膜孔径为100 nm的陶瓷膜错流超滤中试系统(MEMBRALOX^?,Pall)对果胶酶酶解后的鲜榨苹果原汁进行了过滤澄清与除菌效果研究。结果表明,100 nm陶瓷膜错流超滤的最佳操作条件为：跨膜压力为0.85×10⁵ Pa,温度为50℃,膜面流速为5 m/s;以0.5%次氯酸钠和4% NaOH溶液作为清洗剂,膜通量的恢复率可以达到98%。过滤后果汁中的悬浮颗粒和引起浊度升高的大分子胶体物质大部分被滤除,而果汁的各项质量指标如pH值、总酸、糖度等却未发生     

天然提取物对珙桐茎诱导愈伤组织的影响

[目的]筛选诱导珙桐茎愈伤组织的最佳培养基,为建立悬浮细胞系以及大规模繁殖珙桐提供前期技术基础。[方法]采集5年生以下珙桐的嫩枝条幼嫩茎为外植体,环割后接种在改良MS培养基上,培养基设25个处理,分别添加浓度为0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 mg/L的NAA,浓度为0、10、20、30、40 mg/L的豆芽汁和浓度为0、5、10、15、20 mg/L的番茄汁。[结果]天然提取物和植物生长调节剂对珙桐茎诱导愈伤组织都有影响,其影响程度是NAA>豆芽汁>番茄汁。改良MS培养基添加30 mg/L豆芽汁+20 mg/L番茄汁+0.4 mg/LNAA是诱导珙桐茎愈伤组织的最佳培养基,诱导出的愈伤组织质量好,出愈率高达98%。[结论]添加天然提取物可诱导出质量好的珙桐茎愈伤组织,这与豆芽汁和番茄汁含有丰富的维生素B和维生素C有关。     

黑龙江绥化经济开发区土地集约利用评价

通过建立土地集约化利用综合评价指标体系和评价模型,利用理想值比例推算法对各指标进行无量纲化处理,采用层次分析法（AHP）和特尔菲法确定指标权重,应用集约度综合分值法进行评价,得出黑龙江绥化经济开发区土地集约利用度总体水平较高,但与理想值仍存在较大差距。     

Toxoplasma gondii in Switzerland: a serosurvey based on meat juice analysis of slaughtered pigs, wild boar, sheep and cattle

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important zoonotic diseases worldwide and is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. Besides vertical infection during pregnancy, humans can get infected post-natally either by peroral uptake of sporulated Toxoplasma oocysts or by ingestion of tissue cysts upon consumption of raw or undercooked meat. The aim of this study was to approximate the risk of human infection via meat consumption by estimating the seroprevalence of T. gondii in slaughtered animals in Switzerland and to compare data with prevalences assessed 10 years ago. The study included pigs, cattle, sheep and wild boar of different age groups and housing conditions whenever possible and applicable. A P-30-ELISA was used to detect T. gondii-specific antibodies and to determine seroprevalences in meat juice of slaughtered animals. A total of 270 domestic pigs (120 adults, 50 finishing, 100 free-ranging animals), 150 wild boars, 250 sheep (150 adults, 100 lambs) and 406 cattle (47 calves, 129 heifers, 100 bulls, 130 adult cows) were tested. Seropositivity increased with the age of the assessed animals. Independent of the age-group, the overall seroprevalence was lowest in wild boars (6.7%), followed by pigs (23.3%), cattle (45.6%) and sheep (61.6%), respectively. Conventional fattening pigs and free-ranging pigs surprisingly had comparable seroprevalences (14.0% and 13.0%, respectively). Unlike in other European countries, where generally a decrease in the number of seropositive animals had been observed, we found that the prevalence of seropositive animals, when compared with that of 10 years ago, had increased for most species/age groups. Conclusively, the results demonstrated a high seroprevalence of T. gondii in animals slaughtered for meat production and revealed that increasing age of the animals is a more important risk factor than housing conditions in Switzerland.     

Effects of Fermented Green Juice and Cellulase on the Fermentation Quality of Rice Straw Silage and Rice Straw with Sugarcane Tip Mixed Silage

Rice straw and sugarcane tip were used as the silage materials in this research,and there were two groups:Rice straw silage and mixed silage of rice straw and sugarcane tip with the mixed ratio 6:4(m/m).Four treatment groups were set up in each silage:Control group (CON) and three treatment groups which added 2 mL/kg fermented green juice (FGJ),3 mL/kg cellulase (CEL) and 2 mL/kg FGJ+3 mL/kg CEL (MIX),and treatment was repeated 3 times. The materials were ensiled at room temperature for 60 days,and the fermentation quality and chemical compositions were tested. The result showed that for the two kinds of raw silage materials,the contents of WSC and CP in rice straw were lower than those in sugarcane tip,while the contents of NDF and ADF in rice straw were higher than those of sugarcane tip.Compared with the CON group,the NDF,ADF,pH and NH₃-N in FGJ group were extremely significantly decreased when rice straw was silaged alone (P<0.01),while WSC was extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),and DMR was increased. The NDF,ADF,pH,GLR and NH₃-N in MIX group were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),while lactic acid,WSC and DMR were increased. In CEL group, the ADF was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and other indicators also had improved in different degrees. Compared with rice straw silage,the NDF,HC,pH and NH₃-N of mixed silage were lower,while DMR and WSC were obviously increased. In conclusion,the fermented green juice and it compound with cellulase had the similar effects on improving the fermentation quality,and the effects were both better than that of cellulase. The fermentation quality of rice straw with sugarcane tip mixed silage was better than rice straw silage.     

柑桔不同去囊衣方法对囊瓣质量的影响

本文研究了柑桔三种不同去囊衣方法对囊瓣的营养成份和外观品质的影响，磷酸盐－碱法处理囊瓣的各种营养成份保存率最高，酸碱法次之，酶法最低，酶法处理囊瓣的破碎率较低，感观质量也优于其他两种方法。     

鳜鱼池塘单养及其病害防治试验

鳜鱼池塘单养,要求水源充足,水质清新,本试验塘口水体,溶解氧6～7mg／L,PH7～8,透明度40cm;对饵料鱼要求活、适口、无硬刺、投喂间隔,供应及时;高温季节每天注排水2h,保持微流水状态;注意防治细菌性烂鳃病、鱼鲺病、车轮虫病和半眉虫病。只要把好饵料及鱼病关,鳜鱼池塘单养可以取得较好的经济效益。     

水提与醇提对竹子中愈创木酚含量的影响

〔摘要〕目的优选竹子中有效成分愈创术酚的最佳提取溶媒〔方法将新鲜竹子砍成小段,再粉碎成粗粉,加水 或}o%乙醇回流提取,提取液采用高效液相法测定愈创术酚含量、色谱条件为:流动相0.50IcH,PO、的水溶液一乙睛 (78:22);固定相为C,、柱;流速1.0 mLJmin;柱温20 0C ;检测波长220 nm〔结果醇提法愈创术酚含量略高于水提法, 但无明显差异、结论水提法可以代替醇提法、