虚拟现实技术在温室中的应用

虚拟现实技术,即通过计算机等,最有效的模拟人在自然环境中视、听、动等行为的高级人机交互技术。这种技术已被广泛应用于工业、农业、军事、医学、建筑、造船、飞机制造和各种飞行训练等。该文概述了虚拟环境技术国内外研究进展,论述了“虚拟温室”研究的意义、研究的方法、应用以及将来的研究方向。     

Genetic basis of grain filling rate in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.)

Summary Grain filling rate in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. emend. Thell.) positively influences grain yield under a wide range of conditions. The effective utilization of this trait in breeding depends on an understanding of its genetic control. A study was, therefore, conducted to determine the genetic basis of grain filling rate in six crosses of wheat. Higher order genic interactions and/or linkage were important in the genetic regulation of grain filling rate (GFR) in the majority of crosses. Additive ([d]) and dominance ([h]) gene effects were important in the control of GFR in main ears (ME) and whole plant ears (WPE). Additive and additive × additive epistatic effects were the most important in the genetic control of GFR in last ears (LE). Location effects on genetic effects for GFR were significant (P < 0.05) in all ear types of some crosses except in ME. Genotype × environment interaction effects were important (P < 0.001) in LE and WPE.It was concluded that the inheritance of GFR is complex and is dependent on ear type. Breeding procedures that facilitate the exploitation of non-additive and additive gene effects were recommended for the genetic improvement of grain filling rate of wheat.     

Using colour image analysis for quantitative assessment of powdery mildew on cucumber

Summary Visual assessment, black & white image analysis and colour image analysis of the severity of powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) infection on leaves of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) were compared. The extent of infection with powdery mildew was expressed as the number of spores per cm². Statistical treatment of the data showed colour image analysis to be superior to the other two methods of evaluation. Major veins, light reflections and variations in the colour of leaves can degrade the accuracy of colour image analysis somewhat. These problems are, however, surmountable. Colour image analysis qualifies as a valuable new tool for accurate, objective, reproducible and detailed quantitative assessment of disease on leaves of plants.Abbreviations H hue - I intensity - IA image analysis - PM powdery mildew - S saturation     

基于模糊C均值聚类的作物病害叶片图像分割方法研究

为提高作物病害图像的分割效果,根据作物病害图像的特点,提出了一种基于模糊C均值聚类算法(FCM)的作物病害图像自适应分割方法.该方法将像素的灰度与其邻域均值作为FCM的输入特征,变换FCM的隶属度函数使其包含图像的局部邻域特性;通过聚类有效性验证分析和试验确定模糊C均值聚类算法(FCM)的最优聚类数、模糊加权指数.运用该方法对棉花病害叶片图像进行分割.结果表明:该方法能较好将病斑部分和正常部分分割开,平均分割误差率小于5%,对作物病害图像的分割处理非常有效.     

Water Yield and Sediment Yield Simulations for Teba Catchment in Spain Using SWRRB Model: Ⅰ. Model Input and Simulation Experiment

Water yield and sediment yield in the Teba catchment, Spain, were simulated using SWRRB (Simulator for Water Resources in Rural Basins) model. The model is composed of 198 mathematical equations. About 120 items (variables) were input for the simulation, including meteorological and climatic factors, hydrologic factors, topographic factors, parent materials, soils, vegetation, human activities, etc. The simulated results involved surface runoff, subsurface runoff, sediment, peak flow, evapotranspiration, soil water, total biomass,etc. Careful and thorough input data preparation and repeated simulation experiments are the key to get the accurate results. In this work the simulation accuracy for annual water yield prediction reached to 83.68%.``     

Computer-Simulated Evaluation of the Hybrid Weakness Gene System as a Means of Preventing Genetic Contamination of Rice Cultivars

Effectivness of the hybrid-weakness caused by a complementary interaction of two dominant genes Hwc₁ and Hwc₂ to suppress the spread of the red-grain gene into ordinary white-grained rice cultivars was investigated using the Monte Carlo computer simulation method. It was shown that the weakness genes, as far as being capable of reducing the fitness of the carrier by 80 percent or more, work quite effectively to suppress the genetic contamination of white-grained cultivars due to inflow of pollen from red-grained cultivars due to inflow of pollen from red-grain gene once the gene has been incorporated in to the population in the form of red-grained progeny produced as a result of the imperfect lethality of the initial hybrid between red-and white-grained cultivars. The weakness genes have little or no effect cultivars. The weakness genes have little or no effect either, when the contamination is initiated by an inflow of seeds or seedlings from ed-grained cultivars in these situations, removal (selection)of red grained plants Is the only countermeasure to exterminate the red-grain gene. The removal of red grained plants need not be intensive if carried out continuously. The spread of the red-grain gene after initial contamination is suppressed if the red-grain gene and weakness genes are linked. The suppressing effect of the linkage, however, is not substantial when the outcrossing rate is around or smaller than 0.01 as can be assumed in most rice cultivars.     

COMPUTER ALDED DESIGN OF FORMING CUTTER FOR REVISING INVOLUTE HELICAL

In this paper, a calculation method of forming cutter contour of involute helical with arbitrary easement is presented, the segmantal arcs of the best uniform approximation and tolerance to fit smoothly the cutter contour points are used the profile on the cross section of the helical is calculated and the design of the cutter is examined. The method can be used to design precision forming cutter of involute helical with the arbitrary easement. It is valuable in engineering application.     

A genealogical database for plant propagation records

Summary A CODASYL type database has been created for plant propagation records. The existence and history of plants can be recorded in such a way that details of parentage and offspring can be traced. Plants that have undergone similar treatments and events or that have similar characteristics can be located and other information assisting the management of the propagation experiments is recorded. Containing this information, the database is a model of experimental plant propagation.     

采用改进CenterNet模型检测群养生猪目标

为实现对群养环境下生猪个体目标快速精准的检测,该研究提出了一种针对群养生猪的改进型目标检测网络MF-CenterNet（MobileNet-FPN-CenterNet）模型,为确保目标检测的精确度,该模型首先以无锚式的CenterNet为基础结构,通过引入轻量级的MobileNet网络作为模型特征提取网络,以降低模型大小和提高检测速度,同时加入特征金字塔结构FPN（Feature Pyramid Networks）以提高模型特征提取能力,在保证模型轻量化、实时性的同时,提高遮挡目标和小目标的检测精度。该研究以某商业猪场群养生猪录制视频作为数据源,采集视频帧1 683张,经图像增强后共得到6 732张图像。试验结果表明,MF-CenterNet模型大小仅为21 MB,满足边缘计算端的部署,同时对生猪目标检测平均精确度达到94.30%,检测速度达到69 帧/s,相较于Faster-RCNN、SSD、YOLOv3、YOLOv4目标检测网络模型,检测精度分别提高了6.39%、4.46%、6.01%、2.74%,检测速度分别提高了54、47、45、43 帧/s,相关结果表明了该研究所提出的改进型的轻量级MF-CenterNet模型,能够在满足目标检测实时性的同时提高了对群养生猪的检测精度,为生产现场端的群养生猪行为实时检测与分析提供了有效方法。