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991.
Biodegradable plastic films are desirable alternatives to traditional black polyethylene plastic for use as mulches in agroecosystems. Efforts are ongoing to engineer biodegradable plastic mulches that could be incorporated into the soil at the end of the crop season, and decomposed by microorganisms, ultimately to CO2, H2O, and biomass. Whether changes in soil quality occur during or following biodegradation is unknown. An 18-month study evaluated the effects on soil quality following burial of four potentially biodegradable mulches and a no mulch control in high tunnel and open field tomato production systems across three geographically distinct locations (Knoxville, TN; Lubbock, TX; Mount Vernon, WA). The mulch treatments included: two starch-based mulches (BioAgri® Ag-Film and BioTelo Agri); one experimental 100% polylactic acid mulch (Spunbond-PLA-10); one cellulose-based mulch (WeedGuardPlus; positive control); and a negative control (no mulch). The soil management assessment framework (SMAF) was used to calculate a soil quality index (SQI) according to five dynamic soil properties: microbial biomass carbon, β-glucosidase, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon (TOC), and pH. Within the 18-month evaluation period, the effects of the biodegradable mulches on the SQI were minor, and dependent upon production system and time of incubation at all locations. In general, the SQI was higher in the high tunnel systems for some of the mulch treatments at Knoxville and Lubbock but the opposite was true at Mount Vernon. By the final sampling at 18 months, the SQI was lowest for WeedGuardPlus at Lubbock and Mount Vernon but at Knoxville, the WeedGuardPlus SQI was not significantly different from the no mulch control. Of the five SMAF indicators evaluated, soil microbial biomass and β-glucosidase activity were the most responsive to mulch and production systems, supporting the use of these variables as soil quality indicators for short-term changes due to this agricultural management practice. 相似文献
992.
993.
凭证采伐率是体现一个地方森林资源管理的重要指标,文章对重点林区凭证采伐率的现状及下降原因作了分析,提出提高凭证采伐率的对策,这对森林采伐限额管理有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
994.
廖仲柏 《吉林农业科技学院学报》2013,(1):37-39
高职院校危机管理已经成为了高职院校发展中一个崭新的课题。学生管理层面的危机是现阶段高职院校危机的主要来源,如何应对这些危机事件,对高校管理者来说是一个紧迫的现实问题。 相似文献
995.
996.
70年代以来 ,我国黄渤海和东海海域的主要鱼业资源 (fisheryresources)长期处于衰退状况 ,我国政府意识到海洋资源衰退的时间并不算太晚 ,为此制定和实施了一系列的保持渔业资源的文件和管理法规。建国以来 ,与渔业管理相关的法律、法规性规范性文件达 50 0多件[1] 。表 1 渔船总吨位前 5位的国家 (1 995年 )Tab .1 Deckedfishingvessels:topfivecountriesbygrosstonnage(1 995 )国 家渔船 (百万吨 )中国 5 .5 5俄罗斯 2 .99日本 1.5 1美国 1.40印度 1.0 8 … 相似文献
997.
通过对林政管理工作中的;定性与定量这两种管理模式,有利于林政管理目标的实现、管理责任的落9实和调动干群保护森林资源的积极性。 相似文献
998.
999.
J. C. Zadoks 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1991,97(1):3-24
At the occasion of the Centenary of the Netherlands Society of Plant Pathology a reflection on past, present and future of plant protection, the subject matter of the Society, was thought to be appropriate.Developments in plant protection are projected against a general stream of thought. Three turning points are distinguished which can be seen as paradigm changes. The first occurred around 1890, when the concept of pathogenitism gained its final victory over autogenitism. The second occurred around 1940, when the public outlook on human and plant health changed drastically due to the advent of chemotherapeutants. The third occurred around 1990 when a clear change in public thinking on agriculture, environment and plant protection became apparent. The background of these changes is sketched in a personal manner.Some ideas on plant protection beyond the year 2000 are given, based upon recent developments in the Netherlands to which the Society contributed in its own way. 相似文献
1000.
R. A. Daamen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1991,97(5):275-288
Epidemics ofPuccinia recondita and resulting yield loss of winter wheat were studied in field experiments over three seasons in the Netherlands. Results are reported and used to construct an advisory model for control of brown rust, based on rust monitoring. If the fraction of leaves with rust (I) at a certain development stage is determined, the average number of rust sori per leaf (M) was estimated by: M=EXP(1.84+1.39ln(ln[1/(1-I)]). The final number of sori per leaf (Mf) at early dough was forecast by an exponential growth: Mf=M·EXP(RGR·t). The relative growth rate (RGR) averaged 0.163/day and the forecasting period, t, until early dough, was derived from published data. The forecast number of sori-days per leaf (S, AUDPC-value) was then obtained by: S=(Mf-M)/RGR. Yield loss (kg/ha) by brown rust was 1.15 times the number of sori-days per leaf at low rust intensities. The efficacy of the fungicides used was 85%. The forecast avoidable yield loss (L, kg/ha) was calculated by: L=0.85 (1.15 S). Economic thresholds for brown rust control at different development stages are given for Dutch wheat fields at a cost level of 270 kg/ha for one fungicide application. 相似文献