尼罗罗非鱼鼠李糖凝集素 (RBL-1)在非特异性细胞防御病原菌感染中的功能

为了探究鼠李糖凝集素（Rhamnose-binding lectin, RBL）在硬骨鱼非特异性细胞防御病原菌感染中的作用,本研究以尼罗罗非鱼为研究模型,首先通过分离头肾单核/巨噬细胞进行体外菌应激实验,发现在罗非鱼两种重要的致病菌-无乳链球菌（Streptococcus agalactiae）和嗜水气单胞菌（Aeromonas hydrophila）应激后,尼罗罗非鱼L-鼠李糖凝集素1（OnRBL-1）的表达量显著上调。然后,通过荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）检测发现OnRBL-1重组蛋白能够调节病原菌诱导细胞炎症因子的表达,包括显著抑制菌诱导的IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α的表达,和促进IL-10和TGF-β的表达。此外,通过流式细胞术检测证实OnRBL-1具有促进单核/巨噬细胞的吞噬作用,同时增强呼吸爆发水平和上调活性氧的释放。以上研究结果表明,OnRBL-1在罗非鱼单核/巨噬细胞非特异性细胞防御中发挥重要的调节作用。本研究为探讨RBL-1在硬骨鱼宿主防御病原菌感染中的功能提供了参考,并有助于完善和丰富硬骨鱼类RBL的功能和在抗菌免疫应答中的基础理论体系,具有重要的科学意义。     

中华绒螯蟹溞状幼体期复眼超微结构的观察

用电镜研究了中华绒螯蟹状幼体复眼的结构,结果显示出从状幼体Ⅰ期到状幼体V期复眼的形态发生了变化,其表面积从Ⅰ的15400μm2增加到V的0.4mm2,组成复眼的小眼由泡状突起发育成扁平六角形.小眼的折光部分的角膜、成角膜细胞、晶锥等均有一个发育成熟的过程.感光部分从Ⅱ起组成小眼的8个小网膜细胞分化成远端的1个细胞和近端7个细胞二部分,小眼的感杆束直径随幼体发育从3.6μm增加到5.2μm,同时组成的微纤毛数量增多.状幼体复眼结构中的一个特征是具有较多的高尔基体,随着幼体的发育小网膜细胞中的胞器种类和数量也逐渐增多,在V时小眼的结构基本上表现出与成体类似的光适应特征.从复眼的超微结构上看,1状幼体复眼的感光功能是逐渐完善的.     

中国对虾养成期间虾池水体和底质中细菌含量的变化

中国对虾养成期间虾池水体和底质中细菌含量的变化高尚德，陈旭仁，吴以平（青岛海洋大学，２６６００３）（青岛教育学院，２６６００１）关键词养虾池，细菌数量，变化ＶＡＲＩＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＯＴＡＬＢＡＣＴＥＲＩＡＮＵＭＢＥＲＩＮＳＨＲＩＭＰＰＯＮＤＷＡＴＥＲ...     

气相色谱-嗅觉测量法鉴定蒌蒿中的香气化合物

 采用顶空固相微萃取法提取了蒌蒿样品中的挥发性成分, 利用气相色谱-嗅觉测量法(GC-O)并结合气相色谱质谱联用分析(GC - MS) , 鉴定了萎蒿中的香气化合物。共检出21个呈香化合物, 基于其嗅感强度, 反式- 2 - 己烯醛、水芹烯、顺式- 罗勒烯、3 - 崖柏酮、樟脑, 黄瓜醛、( - ) - 龙脑和( - ) - 乙酸龙脑酯被认定为形成蒌蒿香气的重要化合物。     

酵素剂SS-200在菠菜和黄瓜上的施用效果研究

在保护地栽培,高肥力土壤条件下,研究施用天然复合酵素剂SS-200对菠菜、黄瓜生长发育、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:与常规施用化学肥料相比,施用天然复合酵素剂SS-200,有利于菠菜、黄瓜上的生长发育,其叶片数,茎粗,株高都有显著增加;施用天然复合酵素剂SS-200增加了菠菜产量,增产达到24.5%,也提高黄瓜的果实产量,平均1 hm2可以增产13.9%;同时施用SS-200菠菜叶柄中的硝酸盐含量降低了700 mg/L,达到9.2%,而SS-200对黄瓜的可溶性糖和Vc含量影响不大;由于肥料投入的降低及产量的增加,1 hm2菠菜的利润达到55 284元/hm2,黄瓜的利润也达到了67 082元/hm2。     

奶牛抗热应激中草药添加剂对小鼠热耐力的影响

试验研究奶牛抗热应激中草药添加剂对热应激小鼠机体耐力的影响。试验分A、B、C、D4个处理,每个处理20只小鼠,分别喂以不同添加剂浓度的饲料21d[A组:0.5g/(10g体重)、B组:0.25g/(10g体重)、C组:0.13g/(10g体重)、D组0g/(10g体重)],每日光暗节律各12h,自由摄食与饮水。试验结果表明,A、B组体重增加显著高于C、D组(P<0.01),A、B、C组小鼠死亡数显著少于D组(P<0.05),受热90min后,A、B、C组小鼠肛温比D组分别低0.3℃、0.3℃、0.5℃(P<0.05),说明该添加剂具有一定的提高小鼠热耐力作用。     

C/N ratio control and substrate addition for periphyton development jointly enhance freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii production in ponds

The present research investigated the effect of carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N ratio) control in ponds with or without substrate addition for periphyton development on production of giant freshwater prawn. C/N ratios of 10, 15 and 20 were investigated in 40 m^− 2 ponds stocked with 2 prawn juveniles (5.023 ± 0.02 g) m^− 2 with or without added substrates for periphyton development. The various treatment combinations of C/N ratio and periphyton substrate addition are abbreviated as ‘CN10’, ‘CN15’, ‘CN20’, ‘CN10 + P’, ‘CN15 + P’ and ‘CN20 + P’, P representing periphyton substrate. A locally formulated and prepared feed containing 30% crude protein with C/N ratio10 was applied. Tapioca starch was used as carbohydrate source for manipulating C/N ratio and applied to the water column separately from the feed. Increasing the C/N ratio from 10 to 20 reduced (P < 0.001) the total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN), nitrite–nitrogen (NO₂–N) and nitrate–nitrogen (NO₃–N) in water column and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) in sediment. The addition of substrates only influenced the NO₂–N concentration in the water column (P < 0.001). Increasing the C/N ratio raised the total heterotrophic bacterial (THB) population in the water column, sediment and periphyton (P < 0.001). It also increased the dry matter (DM), ash free dry matter (AFDM), and chlorophyll a content of periphyton (P < 0.001). The lowest specific growth rate (SGR), the highest food conversion ratio (FCR), and the lowest protein efficiency ratio (PER) were recorded in treatment CN10 (P < 0.05). The addition of substrates did not influence size at harvest (P > 0.05) but improved the survival from 62.8 to 72% (P < 0.001). Increasing the C/N ratio from 10 to 20 increased the net yield by 40% and addition of substrate increased the net yield by 23%. The combination of C/N ratio control and substrate addition increased the net yield by 75% from 309 (CN10) to 540 (CN20 + P) kg ha^− 1 (120 days)^− 1. This 75% higher production concurred with (1) a lower inorganic nitrogen content in the water column, (2) a higher THB abundance supplying additional single cell protein to augment the prawn production, and (3) an improved periphyton productivity and quality.     

Naturally occurring bacteraemia in American lobsters, Homarus americanus Milne-Edwards, in Long Island Sound

The health status of the American lobster, Homarus americanus Milne-Edwards, in Long Island Sound (LIS) has been in decline, with seasonal mortality events occurring since 1998. In order to assess the potential effects of environmental conditions on lobster health via haemolymph analysis, lobsters collected from various sites in LIS were examined and sampled while concurrent environmental data (water temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen) were recorded. The pH of the haemolymph of each lobster was tested, followed by a collection of haemolymph for serum biochemistry analysis and bacterial culture. This report focuses on the results of the bacterial sampling. The majority of bacteria cultured were opportunistic pathogens commonly found in the environment, including some that are associated with sewage and pollution. The prevalence of bacteraemia was correlated with the site of collection, the month in which the lobsters were sampled, and water temperature.     

硫化细菌的分离及对碱土pH的影响

通过对样品的富集,利用选择培养进行化能自养硫化细菌的分离;以大庆本地碱土作为实验材料,通过硫化细菌及辅料的添加,利用pH计测定碱土pH值变化。分离获得了硫化细菌lh-1,利用该菌株改良碱土以添加0.27% 硫粉混合硫化细菌效果最为明显,经过两个半月的改良,pH可从10.53降到8.23。