竹纤维/聚丙烯复合材料的耐老化性能

采用挤出成型制备了竹粉增强聚丙烯复合材料,研究竹粉/聚丙烯复合材料在紫外加速老化与湿热老化后的力学性能变化与尺寸稳定性.结果表明:在紫外线加速老化200 h后,复合材料的弯曲强度与弯曲模量无显著变化,试件宽度与厚度在紫外加速老化前后也无显著改变;但湿热老化对复合材料的弯曲强度与弯曲模量有显著影响,在沸水中浸泡2h后,复...     

资源节约型高性能竹木复合板的研制

采用多种无屑切削方式,将竹材、木材及制材、旋切剩余物——边皮、木芯,加工成不同形态的构成单元,组合成合理的复合板坯结构,热压胶合成一种竹木复合板材。检测结果表明：半成品加权平均利用率可达90．1％,成品板材的出材率为63．1％,居各类型胶合板之首;板材纵横强度之和：静曲强度为113．1MPa,弹性模量为9578MPa,是一种资源节约型高性能的竹木复合板材。     

桉木单板层积材生产工艺的优化

采用响应面法(RSM)和中心组合旋转设计(CCRD),研究了桉树单板层积材(LVL)的生产工艺条件,并对优化工艺所得的预测值进行了实验验证。方差分析结果表明:面粉添加量对桉木LVL的静曲强度(MOR)和弹性模量(MOE)有着显著影响,而热压温度和热压时间的影响不显著。通过回归分析,建立了相应的回归模型。回归模型的预测值与实验值的拟合良好,说明回归方程能用来预测和优化桉木LVL的力学强度性能。最佳工艺条件为:热压温度130℃,热压时间1.5 min/mm,面粉添加量5%(质量分数)。在此工艺条件下压制的桉木LVL垂直加载条件下的静曲强度(MOR⊥)和弹性模量(MOE⊥)分别为89 MPa和16 722 MPa,平行加载条件下的静曲强度(MOR∥)和弹性模量(MOE∥)分别为88 MPa和15 067 MPa,MOR和MOE分别达到了结构用单板层积材国家标准的优等品和140E级别。     

Influence of nanochitosan/zeolite composite on growth performance,digestive enzymes and serum biochemical parameters in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Protective effects of nanochitosan/zeolite composite besides zeolite and chitosan/zeolite composite on rainbow trout growth, digestive enzyme activities and biochemical parameters were studied. Nanochitosan/zeolite hybrid composites with three different ratio of nanochitosan:zeolite (35:100, 3.5:100 and 0.35:100) were synthesized and analysed by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermal gravim (TG) analysis and scanning electron microscope (SEM) methods. Prepared composites as well as zeolite and control diets were fed to rainbow trout (50 g) for a period of 60 days. The addition of treated diets significantly improved growth performance compared to the control diet. Supplemental zeolite could only enhance the amylase activity in fish intestine, whereas other treatment groups could increase the pepsin activity besides intestinal alkaline phosphatase, trypsin and amylase activities. No differences were observed for intestinal acid phosphatase and lipase activities among the experimental diets. Meanwhile, serum total antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation product, indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA), significantly increased and decreased, respectively, with some doses of administration, indicating the elevated antioxidant status in treatment groups. Serum‐specific marker enzymes, namely aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were not affected in all groups. Meanwhile serum total protein in most treatment groups was significantly higher than the control group. Results showed that synthesized composites especially nanochitosan/zeolite composite at 5 g/kg had potential to enhance growth performance, digestive enzyme activities and some biochemical parameters in rainbow trout.     

Epizootics of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in captive rays from Queensland,Australia

The aim of this study was to describe two epizootics of high mortalities from infection with Streptococcus agalactiae, occurring in captive rays held in a marine display aquarium in south‐east Queensland, Australia, in 2009 and 2010. Five different species of rays were affected, including mangrove whiprays (Himantura granulata), estuary rays (Dasyatis fluviorum), eastern shovelnose rays (Aptychotrema rostrata), white‐spotted eagle rays (Aetobatus narinari) and blue‐spotted mask rays (Neotrygon kuhlii). This report describes the history of both epizootics including collection, quarantine and husbandry of rays, the disease epizootics, clinico‐pathological features of the disease, antimicrobial therapy, autogenous vaccine production, and laboratory studies including clinical and histopathology, bacteriology, PCR, molecular serotyping and sequencing of the bacterium S. agalactiae.     

溶藻细菌的分离及溶藻特性研究

从爆发蓝藻水华的鱼池采集水样,以铜绿微囊藻为对象进行溶藻细菌筛选,得到R1、R2、R3、R5、R6、R8和R9共7株溶藻细菌,生理生化特征初步鉴定R5为海鱼弧菌,另6株为非发酵型细菌.R1、R3、R5、R8和R9细菌含量为105～108 cfu/ml时,对微囊藻的抑制率很高,效果优于R2和R6.对R1、R3、R5和R9...     

拮抗细菌对香蕉枯萎病菌的离体抑菌活性研究

通过平板对峙培养,筛选出对香蕉枯萎病菌有拮抗作用的细菌6株：B05、B23、B44、B105、B133和B146,测定其抑菌带宽度达10～15mm。拮抗细菌的发酵液对病菌菌丝生长的抑制率为83．71％～88．76％,而经高温灭活的发酵液对病菌菌丝生长的抑制率为16．85％～33．48％;拮抗菌的非挥发性代谢产物对病菌菌丝生长的抑制率为74．72％～87．36％;挥发性代谢产物对病菌菌丝生长的抑制率为15．30％～37．64％。拮抗细菌发酵液在一定浓度范围内均能有效地抑制病菌孢子萌发,且浓度越高,抑制能力越强。拮抗菌株B05抑菌作用最稳定、抑菌活性最高,菌株B44抑制孢子萌发效果最好。     

农业耕地土壤中114株农药降解菌的分离与筛选

根据农田使用农药史选择灭蝇胺、氯氰菊酯、异丙威进行农药富集培养和平板划线分离,在28种长期受农药污染的不同作物耕地土壤中分离到114株农药降解菌,并用高效液相色谱法测试对吡虫啉(100μg/ml)的降解率,72 h后进行检测。结果 114株降解菌中用吡虫啉筛选到10株降解率达到25%以上的细菌,降解率为10%～25%之间的细菌为78株,降解率小于10%的细菌为26株。对农药降解效果较好的降解菌主要分布在长期大量使用农药的蔬菜作物(大姜、大葱、芦笋等)耕地土壤,而施药相对较少的果园和棉花田中降解菌的数目和降解能力偏低。     

不同复合菌剂对玉米秸—猪粪混合原料厌氧发酵产沼气的影响

在粉碎的玉米秸秆中添加不同的复合菌剂进行预处理,研究玉米秸—猪粪混合原料厌氧发酵产沼气的能力。结果表明:添加复合菌剂处理比不添加复合菌剂处理累计产气量高10%以上;CH4含量相差不大,变化趋势基本一致。     

溶藻细菌H5的分离、鉴定及溶藻特性研究

[目的]分离和鉴定溶藻细菌,研究其溶藻特性,为进一步研究溶藻细菌对水华的治理作用提供帮助。[方法]从香溪河春季水华集聚区水体中分离得到1株有高效溶藻效果的菌株(H5),采用16S rDNA序列相似性分析和Biolog微生物自动鉴定系统等对细菌进行鉴定。采用直接计数法,研究了其对汉斯冠盘藻(Stephanodiscus hantzschii)、倪氏拟多甲藻(Peridiniopsis niei)、具尾逗隐藻(Komma cau-data)的抑制效果,及对汉斯冠盘藻的溶藻作用方式。[结果]根据生理生化及16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,H5属于纺缍形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus fusiformis)。该菌对汉斯冠盘藻、倪氏拟多甲藻、具尾逗隐藻的溶藻率最高为71.3%,最低为57.4%。培养滤液、热处理培养滤液对汉斯冠盘藻的生长具有明显抑制作用,而细菌无细胞提取物无溶藻能力。[结论]该菌对汉斯冠盘藻有较强的溶藻效果,且是通过分泌溶藻物质溶藻。