基于地基激光雷达的叶倾角分布升尺度方法研究

地基激光雷达因其具有穿透力强,能够提取植被冠层三维结构信息的优势,是提取植被叶倾角分布(Leaf angle distribution,LAD)的理想数据源,因此将地基激光雷达数据与遥感影像结合获取大尺度叶倾角分布结果颇具潜力。以河北省保定市北部4个县为研究区,利用10个玉米样地的地基激光雷达数据提取叶倾角分布结果,使用主成分正变换提取玉米实测叶倾角分布数据中信息量最大的前3个主成分,再利用神经网络模型对所提取的主成分与Landsat8反射率数据结合建立关系模型,然后将训练好的模型应用于整个研究区进行升尺度转换,最后通过主成分逆变换,得到升尺度后平均叶倾角(Mean tilt angle,MTA)结果。对升尺度后LAD与实测LAD及升尺度后MTA与实测MTA进行交叉验证,结果表明,升尺度MTA与实测MTA的验证精度(R2)为0.786 2,均方根误差(RMSE)为3.04°。该结果表明,使用提取主成分方法建立光谱数据与叶倾角分布的关系模型从而达到升尺度转换的目的具有可行性,模拟精度较高,且误差较小。     

稻米功能性成分的生理活性及其产品开发

本文就稻谷主副产品如淀粉、碎米、米糠、米胚和稻壳等中的主要功能性成分,包括抗性淀粉、γ氨基丁酸、多磷酸肌醇、谷维素、维生素E和二十八烷醇等的生理功能及富含特定功能因子产品的开发研究进展进行了简要综述,以期为开发与研制新型功能食品提供思路。     

The drought response of landraces of wheat from the northern Negev Desert in Israel

Summary Diverse landraces of wheat, collected from the semi-arid (150 to 250 mm of total annual rainfall) Northern Negev desert in Israel were considered as a potential genetic resource of drought resistance for wheat breeding. These materials were therefore evaluated for their reponses to drought stress in agronomical and physiological terms. Up to 68 landraces, comprising of Triticum durum, T. aestivum, and T. compactum were tested in two field drought environments, in one favourable field environment, under post-anthesis chemical plant desiccation which revealed the capacity for grain filling from mobilized stem reserves, under a controlled drought stress in a rainout shelter and in the growth chamber under polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced water stress. Biomass, grain yield and its components, harvest index, plant phenology, canopy temperatures, kernel weight loss by chemical plant desiccation, growth reduction by PEG-induced drought stress and osmotic adjustment were evaluated in the various experiments.Landraces varied significantly for all parameters of drought response as measured in the different experiments, which was in accordance to their documented large morphological diversity. Variation in grain yield among landraces under an increasing drought stress after tillering was largely affected by spike number per unit area. Kernel weight contributed very little to yield variation among landraces under stress, probably because these tall (average of 131 cm) landraces generally excelled in their capacity to support kernel growth by stem reserve mobilization under stress. Yield under stress was reduced with a longer growth duration of landraces only under early planting but not under late planting. Landraces were generally late flowering but they were still considered well adapted phenologically to their native region where they were always planted late.Landraces differed significantly in canopy temperature under drought stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was negatively correlated across landraces with grain yield (r=0.67^**) and biomass (r=0.64^**) under stress. Canopy temperature under stress in the rainout shelter was also positively correlated across landraces (r=0.50^**) with canopy temperature in one stress field environment. Osmotic adjustment in PEG-stressed plants was negatively correlated (r=–0.60^**) with percent growth reduction by PEG-induced water stress. It was not correlated with yield under stress in any of the experiments. In terms of yield under stress, canopy temperatures and stem reserve utilization for grain filling, the most drought resistant landrace was the Juljuli population of T.durum.     

芝麻品种主成分分析和遗传距离测定及其在杂交育种中的应用

对３１个芝麻品种进行了主成分分析及遗传距离测定和聚类分析，结果表明，３１个品种可分为１４类，在类群间（Ｄ＾２≥１２．５０）组配组合是有效的，类群内组配不利于遗传多样性和优良变异材料的选育。地理远缘品种在遗传上不一定远缘，而近缘品种由于选择方向不同可能成为遗传远缘。     

Genotypic and environmental variation in crop yield. A method of estimating the interdependence of the components of yield

Summary Because yield components do not behave as independent attributes the conclusions derived from simple yield analyses are of limited value in plant breeding programmes. By calculating a function W of the variances and covariances of the yield components, it is possible to estimate, on a scale from 0 to 1, the degree to which the variations in yield components were independent of one another in any given experiment. By this approach examples of almost complete compensation among the components (W = 0), of mutual independence of the components (W = 0.5), and of additivity of the components (W = 1.0) have been discovered in original data and in the literature. Reasons, and possible applications for these findings are discussed. Investigations into the sampling properties of W are reported in an appendix.     

小麦产量构成因素的双列杂交分析

利用千粒重和每穗粒数有一定差异的7个冬小麦品种为亲本,按Griffing双列杂交法Ⅱ配制21个杂交组合,研究了小麦2个产量构成因素——千粒重和每穗粒数的遗传。结果表明,扬麦11千粒重和宁麦9号每穗粒数的一般配合力最好,且宁麦9号具有控制每穗粒数较多的显性基因。千粒重的遗传符合加性-显性-上位性模型。每穗粒数的遗传符合加...     

蔗渣堆沤过程的变化特征与“有效C／N比值”的应用研究

本研究测定不同堆沤时限蔗渣（新鲜和堆沤３，６，９及１２个月蔗渣）的理化性质，详细探讨蔗渣堆沤后的变化特征；并用分离的各蔗渣组分和多种纯无氮有机物来调节沙培系统的Ｃ／Ｎ比值，进行微生物夺取速效氮强度的模拟试验，查明了蔗渣中各组分和多种纯无氮有机物对微生物的有效性，确定蔗糖，淀粉，半纤维素和纤维素是微生物有效（速效）的碳源，而木质素是无产（迟效）的碳源。从而提出以“有效Ｃ／Ｎ比值”代替以往人们常用的“     

小麦品种产量与产量因素通径分析

通过对９４个不同品种小麦在渭北地区干旱条件下的试验数据,分类建立小麦产量与产量因素的回归关系,并做了通径分析。结果表明,在分类小麦的关系中,穗粒数对产量的总影响和直接影响都最大。     

福建青冈林不同恢复阶段植物生活型特征的研究

对福建青冈林各演替阶段的群落内植物成分特征的研究表明，各群落均以高位芽植物占优势，并有较大比例的藤本高位芽植物；各群落的生活型谱相似，说明它们相互之间的密切联系。小型叶植物、革质叶植物均占种数的一半以上，群落A、C、D、E内阴性植物的含量最大，而群落B内的阳性植物比例最高。     

豫西山区山茱萸的营养特性与产业化开发

对豫西山区山茱萸资源的分布状况、营养成分、保健功能及开发前景进行了评述,并对其产业化开发途径提出了建议。