异烟酸铜(Ⅱ)的固相合成、表征及抑菌活性

在室温条件下通过固相反应合成了异烟酸铜配合物,考察了铜源、反应时间、原料配比对合成产物的影响.结果表明,最佳合成工艺条件为:以醋酸铜为铜源,反应时间为2 h,醋酸铜∶异烟酸=1∶2(摩尔比).采用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱以及X-射线粉末衍射光谱对所合成的配合物进行了表征.抑菌活性实验表明,该配合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌和耶尔森氏菌具有一定的抑菌活性.     

基于尺度噪声水平估计的双树复数小波变换图像去噪方法

利用噪声与图像双树复数小波变换各层系数的关系,提出基于尺度噪声水平估计的双树复数小波变换图像去噪方法并进行了试验.结果表明,该估计方法与图像噪声水平近似线性相关,能很好地反映各层系数的噪声水平.双变量收缩函数阈值去噪法采用该估计比采用全局噪声水平估计去噪效果更好,平均结构相似度明显提高.     

Influence of Seed Coating Formulations on Maize Production

Effects of four coating formulations on rnaive production were studied. The results showed that all ooating formulations had some effects on improving maize seedlings, strengthening the resistance againt diseases and pests and increasing the yidds in different degrees, especially Paxil which increased the corn yield by 12.0%, significantly higher than the eontrol.     

邻菲口罗啉化学修饰碳糊电极三元络合物体系测定痕量钴

制备了邻菲口罗啉化学修饰碳糊电极,在含噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮的ＨＡｃ－ＮａＡｃ体系中,Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）离子经化学富集在电极表面上形成三元络合物．采用２．５次微分伏安法测定痕量Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）离子．Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）浓度在８．０×１０－９～７．０×１０－７ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１范围内与阳极溶出峰峰高成良好的线性关系,检出限达１．２×１０－９ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１．电极用于水样中钴的测定,结果令人满意．     

Effects of different dietary copper sources on the growth and intestinal microbial communities of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary copper sources on growth performance and intestinal microbial communities of juvenile Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Four isonitrogenous (420 g/kg crude protein) and isolipidic (70 g/kg crude lipid) experimental diets were formulated to contain different copper sources, Diet NSC (no‐supplemented copper), Diet CS (copper sulphate), Diet Availa (copper amino acid complex from Availa^®Cu100) and Diet M (1:1, copper sulphate + copper amino acid complex). A total of 360 Pacific white shrimp juveniles (initial weight: 1.86 ± 0.03 g) were randomly allocated into four groups, with three replicates per group and 30 shrimps each replicate. An Illumina‐based sequencing method was used to analyse the intestinal bacterial composition of shrimp juveniles. The results revealed that shrimps fed Diet M had significantly higher percent weight gain (PWG) than that fed Diet NSC and Diet CS, while there were no significant differences between Diet M and Diet Availa. Survival was not affected by the dietary copper sources. Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes were dominant in the intestines of Pacific white shrimp. Shrimps fed Diet M and Diet Availa had higher bacterial richness and diversity than those fed Diet NSC and Diet CS with no significant differences among all treatments. Furthermore, Diet M and Diet Availa which contained copper amino acid complex reduced the relative abundance of Vibrionaceae in shrimp intestinal tract. This study indicated that dietary copper sources could affect the intestinal microbial communities and diets supplemented with Availa^®Cu100 could have a positive impact on the growth performance and decrease the potential risk of disease in Pacific white shrimp.     

“全红”体色瓯江彩鲤MHC-DAB基因多态性及其与鱼体抗病力关系的分析

利用一对特异性引物DABF和DABR,分别从21尾感病和16尾抗病“全红”体色瓯江彩鲤的cDNA中,扩增出长度为624 bp的MHC-DAB基因片段。共测序185个有效克隆,获得76个不同的核苷酸序列。MHC-DAB基因片段包括第1~4外显子,分别编码信号肽、β1和β2结构域及跨膜区。长度为276 bp的β1结构域有144个核苷酸变异位点(52.17%)和70个氨基酸变异位点(76.07%),而长度为282 bp的β2结构域只有98个核苷酸变异位点(34.75%)和50个氨基酸变异位点(53.19%),显示β1结构域的变异要明显大于β2结构域。在β1结构域的24个抗原结合位点(PBR)上,有23个发生了变异。β1结构域的PBR、非抗原结合位点(non-PBR)及β2结构域的ω值(ω=d_N/d_S)分别为1.367、0.886和0.754,表明“全红”体色瓯江彩鲤MHC-DAB基因(特别是β1结构域)在进化过程中受到正向选择作用。在所得的20个不同的等位基因中,基因DAB3*15在抗病群体中出现的频率(13.75%)显著高于感病群体中出现的频率(3.81%)(P<0.05);基因DAB3*09和DAB3*10的出现频率都为3.75%(P<0.05),仅存在于抗病群体中;而基因DAB3*02和DAB3*14的出现频率分别为7.62%(P<0.05)和8.57%(P<0.01),仅存在于感病群体中。     

轻型木结构锯材用原木标准的制订

通过对我国原木生产实际状况的调研及参考国内外相关标准和技术资料,阐述了木材缺陷对规格材力学性能的影响,并据此对轻型木结构锯材用原木缺陷的技术指标进行了规定,同时介绍了该标准的制定方法。     

鲍蒸煮液复合调味品制作配方和工艺研究

为了提高鮑资源的利用率,开发新型香精,以鲍蒸煮液美拉德反应产物为基料,感官评定为指标,在单因素及L_9(3~4)正交试验基础上,确立了口感和海鲜风味俱佳的鲍复合调味品最佳配方为:盐添加量35%、味精添加量40%、玉米淀粉添加量9%、鲍风味基料添加量为6%、白砂糖添加量4%、麦芽糊精添加量3%、呈味核苷酸二钠(I+G)添加量1.5%、酵母抽提物添加量1.5%。研究了不同的造粒方式和干燥方法对颗粒产品吸湿性、溶解性、流动性、质构特性及感官评定的影响;相关理化、性能指标为:完全溶解于90~100℃热水中的时间需要72 s,且分散良好、溶液微浑浊、无沉淀,鲜味足;堆密度为(0.61±0.01)g/cm~3,硬度为(3 642±122.198)g,吸湿性为(9.35±0.01)%,临界湿度值为60%,休止角为33.0°,总体可接受度为(7.81±0.12)分。研究结果表明,旋转造粒和流化床干燥的产品质量最佳,吸湿性比较小,溶解性、流动性和质地性都比较好,感官评分最高。     

Protein and energy nutrition of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at optimal and elevated temperatures

The digestible protein (DP) and digestible energy (DE) requirements for maintenance and growth of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were determined using a factorial model at either optimum (15 °C) or elevated temperature (19 °C). Several key parameters of the factorial model were measured using a series of inter‐related studies. The maintenance requirements for DP and DE were 0.10 gDP kg^?0.69 day^?1 (15 °C) and 0.31 gDP kg^?0.78 day^?1 (19 °C), and 34.86 kJDE kg^?0.84 day^?1 (15 °C) and 46.14 kJDE kg^?0.86 day^?1 (19 °C). The total requirements for DP were 0.10 gDP kg^?0.69 day^?1 + 2.14PG (protein gain) (15 °C) and 0.31 gDP kg^?0.78 day^?1 + 1.98PG (19 °C). The total requirements for DE were 36.86 kJDE kg^?0.84 day^?1 + 1.58EG (energy gain) (15 °C) and 46.14 kJDE kg^?0.86 day^?1 + 1.64EG (19 °C). The partial efficiencies for growth were 0.47 (15 °C) and 0.51 (19 °C) for protein, and 0.63 (15 °C) and 0.61 (19 °C) for energy. Nutrient gain was lower at the elevated temperature; however, feed formulation for brook trout should be adjusted to match changes in nutrient requirements at different culture temperatures. The protein and energy requirements model will be useful for developing commercial feeds and feeding charts for brook trout.     

内蒙古草原家庭牧场可持续发展研究

内蒙古草原作为全球干旱、半干旱区的重要组成部分,是诸多研究关注的热点区域.家庭牧场作为内蒙古草原基本的生产和管理单元,探析其可持续发展有助于为实现区域可持续发展提供科学依据.本研究阐述了内蒙古草原家庭牧场的形成历程及定义;并分别侧重自然生态系统、社会经济系统、自然-经济-社会复合生态系统3个方面总结了其研究进展;最后分...