马氏珠母贝不同地理种群内自繁和种群间杂交子一代主要性状的比较

为了培育马氏珠母贝新品种，开展了不同地理种群内自繁和种群间杂交的工作，获得了3个自繁群体和3个杂交群体，BB1、DD1和SS1分别来自北海野生种群(BW)、大亚湾野生种群(DW)和三亚野生种群(SW)自繁一代；BDl、BS1和DSl分别来自BW与DW、BW与SW以及DW与SW杂交一代。运用方差分析对6个子一代群体的5个主要性状(壳长、壳宽、壳厚、总体重和壳重)进行了比较，3个杂交群体未表现出杂种优势。但获得的6个群体将成为进一步选育的基本群体。子一代的变异性增加为进一步选育奠定了基础。     

沙棘亚种间杂交子代优良单株种子活性物质的比较

【目的】分析沙棘不同优良杂种种子中主要生物活性物质的含量及其变化规律,为医疗和保健专用优良沙棘杂种的选育提供基础依据。【方法】基于生长与结实性状,从蒙古沙棘与中国沙棘杂交子代中选育出43个杂种优良单株,对其种子中V_E、黄酮、脂肪酸等重要生物活性物质含量进行比较。【结果】沙棘杂交子代优株种子中的V_E、黄酮、粗脂肪、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量均具有较大幅度的变化,分别变化于2.94～16.42 mg/hg、82.37～381.48 mg/hg、4.03～9.59 g/hg、3.15%～39.28%、0.43%～14.72%、3.16～24.43%、4.57%～73.32%、2.53%～44.66%;沙棘杂种种子的黄酮组分主要以槲皮素和山奈酚为主,异鼠李素的含量较少,3个组分的含量均随总黄酮含量的增加而明显增大;不饱和脂肪酸油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量均随着饱和脂肪酸棕榈酸含量的上升而不同程度的下降,而油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸3个不饱和脂肪酸含量之间呈明显的正相关关系。【结论】沙棘杂种子代中,部分单株种子的V_E、黄酮或脂肪酸含量高于母本或双亲,超亲现象明显;筛选出了种子中油酸、亚油酸和亚麻酸含量均在80%以上8个杂种单株,其属于高不饱和脂肪酸杂种。     

猪乙脑病毒HW株的全基因组克隆及分析

流行性乙型脑炎(Japanese encephalitis virus,JEV)是一种中枢系统人畜共患急性传染病,由蚊为媒介传播,以高热和狂暴或沉郁等神经症状为特征[1],猪患乙型脑炎的主要症状表现为怀孕母猪流产,产死胎或弱仔,公猪则患睾丸炎,仔猪呈神经症状,使养猪业遭受巨大损失。1988年我国学者方     

双列杂交育种法配合力统计分析(单变元)的SAS实施

论述了如何应用SAS过程解决格里芬双列杂交育种法4的配合力计算问题,其中应用了transpose过程、merge语句及统计代换Z=Y+X,并以实例示明具体计算法。此法具有国际普遍适用的价值。      

燕麦幼苗对干旱-低温交叉适应的生理响应及其综合评价

为探讨干旱能否诱导燕麦对低温的交叉适应性,采用20%聚乙二醇6000(PEG)模拟干旱预处理定莜6号幼苗3 d,以未经PEG预处理的幼苗作对照,恢复2 d后进行低温(昼/夜温度8℃/5℃)处理,分别在低温处理的0、1、3、5、7天采取幼苗叶片,测定超氧阴离子(O_2~-)、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)、丙二醛(MDA)、抗坏血酸(ASA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)、可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白质(SP)、游离氨基酸(AA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量及相对含水量(RWC)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性等14项生理指标及处理7d后植株株高增量和生物量增量,采用主成分分析和隶属函数综合评价燕麦幼苗对干旱-低温的交叉适应能力。结果表明,与对照相比,干旱预处理显著提高了低温胁迫下燕麦幼苗株高增量和生物量增量,O_2~-和H_2O_2等14项生理指标值也发生了不同程度改变。对14项生理指标值离差标准化后进行相关性分析表明,不同变量间存在显著相关性。进行主成分分析提取了5个主成分因子,其方差贡献率依次为38.881%、18.219%、11.238%、9.616%和8.809%,累积方差贡献率达86.763%。第1主成分因子对SS、AA、Pro、O_2~-、H_2O_2、RWC、SOD和APX有较大载荷;第2主成分因子对POD、MDA和GSH有较大载荷;第3主成分因子主要包括CAT和GSH;第4主成分因子主要包括SP和Pro;第5主成分因子主要包括APX和ASA。隶属函数分析5个主成分因子得分值显示,除第1天外,干旱预处理在整个低温处理期间的综合评价值显著高于对照。研究表明干旱能够诱导燕麦对低温的交叉适应性。     

不同壳色菲律宾蛤仔品系间的双列杂交

于2006年秋,以"海洋红"(R)、白蛤(W)、斑马蛤(Z)为材料,开展了不同壳色菲律宾蛤仔品系间3×3的双列杂交.实验由3个自交组R×R、W×W、Z×Z和3个杂交组R×Z、W×Z、W×R,即6个正反交RZ、ZR、WZ、ZW、WR、RW组成,研究了子一代在不同阶段生长、变态、存活的杂种优势及壳色遗传机制.结果表明,在不同阶段,不同杂交组合的杂种优势表现程度不同.浮游期间,各杂交组幼虫生长优势(Hg)随着日龄而增大,存活优势(Hs)与日龄几乎无相关性,其值分别为Hg=6.20±2.43,Hs=14.83±0.28.W×Z杂交组合表现出明显的杂种优势,其值分别为Hg w×z=8.50±2.79,Hs w×z=20.59±0.98, 与R×Z、W×R杂交组差异显著(P ＜0.05).杂交有效地提高了变态率,缩短了变态时间;变态率的杂种优势为Hm=15.84,平均缩短变态时间2d.室内培育期间,刚刚完成变态的稚贝很快表现出生长优势,而后一段时间才表现出存活优势,其值分别为Hg=8.98±2.91,Hs=8.11±8.18;W×Z杂交组合的杂种优势为Hg w×z=15.93±6.47、Hs w×z=8.78±8.76,Hg w×z与R×Z、W×R杂交组差异显著(P ＜0.05),Hs w×z与W×R杂交组差异显著(P ＜0.05).养成期间,幼贝的杂种优势分别为Hg=12.77±1.20,Hs=49.85±1.93;W×Z杂交组合的杂种优势分别为Hg w×z=20.92±1.98,Hs w×z=61.60±1.38,与其它杂交组的显著性差异程度与稚贝期相同.从总体水平上分析,幼虫、稚贝、幼贝生长速度的杂种优势分别为15.06、17.40、15.77,彼此间无显著性差异(P ＞0.05);综合各阶段的杂种优势,3个杂交组的杂种优势大小顺次为:W×Z＞R×Z＞W×R.R×Z、W×Z、W×R的子一代的壳色分别表现为:红斑马、白斑马(左壳背部有一条深色条带)、中红(左壳背部有一条深色条带),且正反交的壳色表现一致,说明壳色表现形式与性别无关,为非伴性遗传.     

春小麦品种间杂交F_1代若干农艺性状优势效应遗传分析

采用不同遗传类型的春小麦品种，按Ｇｒｉｆｆｉｎｇ方法１配制成一套９×９完全双列杂交．分析了１０个农艺性状的正（负）超亲优势类型出现的频率与其各自性状遗传组成的关系。结果表明，春小麦各性状均存在着一定程度的杂种优势效应。其正（）超亲优势类型出现的频率主要受性状的非加性遗传效应影响，而性状的加性遗传效应与性状的杂种优势方向关系密切。文章探讨了提高春小麦杂种优势效应的技术措施。     

Drought pretreatment increases the salinity resistance of tomato plants

Agricultural productivity is worldwide subjected to increasing salinity problems. Various strategies are applied to overcome the deleterious effects of salinity on plants. This study was conducted in order to determine whether drought pretreatment of seedlings or seed pretreatment with NaCl increases the long‐term salinity resistance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and whether the adaptive response to salinity is accompanied by physiological changes throughout the plant‐growth cycle. When plants were pretreated at the five‐leaf growth stage, the plant dry weight was significantly higher in drought‐pretreated than in non‐pretreated plants after 50 d of salt treatment. The positive effect of drought pretreatment applied at the five‐leaf stage was maintained throughout the entire growth cycle, as fruit yield of drought‐pretreated plants was 40% higher than that of non‐pretreated plants at the end of the harvest period (150 d of 70 mM NaCl treatment). Moreover, the most productive plants maintained lower Na⁺ and Cl^– accumulation in their leaves until the end of the growth cycle, which shows that adaptation is a long‐term response during which the plants adjust their physiology to the environmental conditions. Salt resistance was also improved through seed pretreatment with NaCl. In conclusion, drought pretreatment applied at the five‐leaf stage or seed pretreatment with NaCl provide an alternative way to enhance salt resistance in tomato, and the increase in yield is associated with physiological changes throughout the plant‐growth cycle.     

适用于Griffing完全双列杂交试验的组平衡区组试验设计

采用Gomez介绍的组平衡区组设计,并作了一些改进,用于一个Griffing 完全双列杂交试验设计方法2的田间试验设计分析.结果证实,在这种情况下组平衡区组设计优于随机区组设计.     

Agronomical and morphological differentiation among winter and spring triticales

A collection of 299 secondary hexaploid triticale cultivars and advanced breeding lines from 18 countries, which were considered a representative sample of the existing diversity, was evaluated for morphological and agronomical characters with autumn planting at Lleida, Spain, from 1988 to 1991. The entries were classified as having winter (84) or spring (215) growth habit and among this latter group were complete (73) or substituted (147) types according to CIMMYT's terminology. Winter and spring triticales were grouped by cluster and principal component analyses. Winter triticales were taller with longer growth cycles, longer spikes, and more spikelets per spike than spring types. At early stages they also had prostrate growth. Spring-substituted types were separated from complete material. As a group, spring-substituted triticales differed more from winter types than the spring complete genotypes, which showed intermediate characteristics. Complete types of spring habit had tendency to be taller, with longer spikes, more spikelets per spike and bigger and heavier grains than substituted triticales. Greater variation in morphological and agronomical parameters was detected among winter triticales followed by the complete-spring group.