不同杂交组合对百合杂交亲和性影响的研究

试验采用去雄、套袋、隔离人工授粉方法,得出百合杂交亲和程度与杂交亲本配组的相关性。研究发现:同一杂种系内品种间杂交大都为亲和的,但同时存在杂交不亲和现象。系间杂交基本上是不亲和的,尽管都是系间杂交,但不同杂交组合的杂交亲和程度不一样。俄维农自交和野百合自交可以获得自交果实和自交胚。     

柳树杂交育种研究

通过多年田间试验证明，旱柳×爆竹柳８号、旱柳×旱柳１０号、钻天柳×白皮柳９号在察右前旗表现速生、抗逆性强的特性。     

Cross Breeding of Populus and Its Hybrids for Cold Resistance

Populus tomento a was crossed with P. tremuloidis, P grandiden ata, P. lba × P. grandidentata and P. alba × Ulmus s . ta pumila in order to maintain its rapid growth and high wood quality and improve its resistance to cold. Two methods were used to increase the germination rate from 1.5% to 41.1% and the remaining rate from 1.7% to 44.2%. Forty crossing combinations were conducted and 2 744 hybrid seedlings were obtained. MX. t4 × P grandiden ata (G-1-58), MX3 × P. tremuloidis (T-44-60), MX2 × P. tremuloidis (l-13-87-37) and MX2 × (P. alba × P. grandidentata) were regarded as superior combinations after analysis and selection. Thirty seedlings of these combinations and 11 triploid seedlings identified by counting their chromosomes were selected as super plants.     

吉林省西部复合农林业综合配套技术研究

通过对吉林省西部平原沙丘区地貌类型进行分类，提出了“容器覆土越冬法”等沙丘改造综合配套措施和5种复合农林业经营模式；筛选出适宜本省西部半干旱风沙区耐干旱耐瘠薄树种长白松、欧洲白榆、甘肃沙枣等6个品种，开展了生长发育、形态、生物量对干旱循环胁迫等适应性研究；应用地理信息系统解决了以县为单位的复合农林业系统分类、分区及调控技术，指出了前郭县复合农林业经营方向。     

犬细小病毒JL-M13株的分离鉴定及全基因组序列分析

将检测为犬细小病毒(CPV)阳性的病料经处理后接种F81细胞盲传3代并获得一株细小病毒,命名为JL-M13。应用重叠PCR技术从JL-M13中扩增出5条核苷酸序列,拼接后进行序列分析。结果表明,所获病毒核酸基因组大小为4 621bp,与其他犬细小病毒的基因相似性为98.2%~99.4%。系统发育树分析表明,JL-M13与CPV-2毒株(EF011664.1)相似率最高,与Type-2型犬细小病毒疫苗株相距较远。     

基于QBP-PID的履带式作业机全向调平控制研究

针对丘陵山区农业机械作业时的机身倾角变化大、工作品质和作业安全性差等问题,以履带式作业机为研究对象,设计了一种基于“3层车架”的液压全向调平系统,并提出了复合Q学习-BP神经网络-PID(QBP-PID)的全向调平控制策略。首先,给出了全向调平整机结构方案和工作原理,在此基础上,建立了包含全向调平系统的履带式作业机整机动力学模型。然后,针对PID控制参数难以整定的问题,通过BP神经网络对PID控制参数进行实时更新,并引入Q学习算法对神经网络连接权值进行在线更新,建立了全向调平复合QBP-PID控制器。仿真结果表明,QBP-PID控制下,20°横向调平时间为2.8 s, 25°纵向调平时间为3.2 s,相较于PID与BP-PID控制,减小了调平时间,并且未出现超调量。最后,进行横坡路面和纵坡路面的整机试验,与仿真结果相比,横向和纵向调平时间误差为0.6 s和0.4 s,且平地路面机身倾角小于1.5°,满足丘陵山区农业机械调平性能需求。     

Diversity of insecticide resistance mechanisms and spectrum in European populations of the codling moth, Cydia pomonella

Only a few of the registered insecticides against Cydia pomonella L. are still effective in areas where insecticide resistance has emerged in this pest. Resistance mechanisms are multiple, and their lone or cumulative effects in a single population are not completely understood. A detailed estimation of resistance spectrum is still required to define the suitable insecticides to use against a given population. The efficacy of ten insecticides was therefore investigated together with the resistance mechanisms expressed in four laboratory strains and 47 field populations of C. pomonella from five countries. Bioassays were performed using topical applications of diagnostic concentrations on diapausing larvae, and resistance mechanisms were analysed on adults emerging from control insects. All populations exhibited a reduced susceptibility to at least one insecticide when compared with the susceptible laboratory strain. Cross-resistances were observed between azinphos-methyl or phosalone and more recent compounds such as spinosad and thiacloprid. Resistances to azinphos-methyl, diflubenzuron, spinosad, tebufenozide and thiacloprid were significantly correlated with mixed-function oxidase activity, while increased glutathione-S-transferase and reduced non-specific esterase activities were correlated with resistance to azinphos-methyl and emamectin, respectively. Conversely, resistances to azinphos-methyl, tebufenozide and thiacloprid were negatively correlated with increased esterase activity. None of the observed mechanisms explained the loss of susceptibility of populations to chlorpyrifos-ethyl, and no significant correlation was detected between resistance to deltamethrin and the presence of the kdr mutation. The suitability of such non-target instars to monitor insecticide resistance in field populations is discussed.     

Cross-resistance profile of mesosulfuron-methyl-resistant Italian ryegrass in the southern United States

Diclofop-resistant Lolium species (ryegrass) is a major weed problem in wheat production worldwide. This study was conducted to determine the resistance pattern of diclofop-resistant ryegrass accessions from the southern United States to mesosulfuron-methyl, a recently commercialized herbicide for ryegrass control in wheat; to determine the cross-resistance pattern of a Lolium multiflorum Lam. (Italian ryegrass) accession, 03-1, to acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors; and to determine the resistance mechanism of Italian ryegrass to mesosulfuron-methyl. Seventeen ryegrass accessions from Arkansas and Louisiana, including standard resistant and susceptible accessions, were used in this experiment. Fourteen of the 17 accessions were more resistant (four- to > 308-fold) to diclofop than the standard susceptible biotype. One accession, 03-1, was resistant to mesosulfuron-methyl as well as to other ALS inhibitor herbicides such as chlorsulfuron, imazamox and sulfometuron. Accession 03-1, however, did not show multiple resistance to the ACCase inhibitor herbicides diclofop, fluazifop, clethodim, sethoxydim and pinoxaden, nor to glyphosate. The in vivo ALS activity of the 03-1 biotype was less affected by mesosulfuron-methyl than the susceptible biotype. This indicates that the resistance mechanism of Italian ryegrass to mesosulfuron-methyl is partly due to an alteration in the target enzyme, ALS. It is concluded that diclofop-resistant ryegrass in the southern United States can be generally controlled by mesosulfuron-methyl. However, mesosulfuron-methyl must be used with caution because not all ryegrass populations are susceptible to it. There is a need for more thorough profiling of ryegrass resistance to herbicides.     

优质鲜食糯玉米杂交种虞珑糯1612的选育与应用

虞珑糯1612是江苏省常熟市农业科学研究所、常熟市农业科技发展有限公司选育的优质鲜食糯玉米单交种,其母本da11和父本wd11y均是自选自交系;该品种食用口感软糯香甜、色泽美观;2018年、2019年参加江苏省糯玉米新品种区域试验、2020年进入江苏省糯玉米新品种生产试验并完成试验程序,2021年4月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

Optimizing the use of breed types in developing country livestock production systems: a neglected research area

Developing country livestock production systems are diverse and dynamic, and include those where existing indigenous breeds are currently optimal and likely to remain so, those where non‐indigenous breed types are already in common use, and systems that are changing, such as by intensification, where the introduction of new breed types represents significant opportunities. These include opportunities to improve the livelihood of the world's poor, increase food and nutrition security and enhance environmental sustainability. At present, very little research has focused on this issue, such that significant knowledge gaps in relation to breed‐change interventions remain. The purpose of this study is to raise awareness of this issue and suggests strategic research areas to begin filling these knowledge gaps. Such strategic research would include (i) assessing the impact of differing breed types in developing country livestock productions systems, from a range of viewpoints including intrahousehold livelihood benefit, food and nutrition security at different scales, and environmental sustainability; (ii) identification of specific livestock production systems within developing countries, and the type of livestock keepers within these system, that are most likely to benefit from new breed types; and (iii) identification of new breed types as candidates for in‐situ testing within these systems, such as through the use of spatial analysis to identify similar production environments combined with community acceptance studies. Results of these studies would primarily assist stakeholders in agriculture, including both policy makers and livestock keepers, to make informed decisions on the potential use of new breed types.