Repression of Ips typographus Infestations in Stored Logs by Semiochemicals

Logs of fresh‐felled Norway spruce were stored close to the south‐facing edges of clear‐cuts from the previous winter and treated with controlled release formulation of: 1. The pheromone components verbenone and ipsenol, which act as antiaggregative pheromone in Ips typographus. 2. Turpentine, a by‐product derived from pulp mills. The experiments were conducted in 3 locations in South‐Norway during a 3‐year period. All experiments show that treatments with a combination of verbenone and ipsenol released from laminated structure dispensers significantly reduced the attack density of I. typographus, whereas turpentine treatment had no effect on the rate of beetle infestations.     

Shape and distribution of knots in a sample of picea abies logs

In an attempt to develop a better understanding of the effect of knottiness on the yield of logs for sawn timber products, the present study examines the position and geometrical characteristics of 429 knots found in seven Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) middle logs from southern Finland. The raw data used in this study were in the form of coordinates of points located on the knot surface recorded in a cylindrical (R, L, T) reference frame. The data were smoothed using a non linear three‐dimensional model. A curvature analysis of the knot pith was used to differentiate the curved and straight portions of the knots. This analysis made possible calculation of knot angles, symmetry, ovality and volume. The major finding of this study is the uneven distribution of knots around the log circumference. Nearly 50% of the total knot volume was concentrated in one‐third of the log facing the south‐east. Knots were also more prominent in higher portions of the logs studied. These observations support the argument that the uneven distribution of knots offers potential for improving the grade yield of timber sawn from trees harvested in high‐latitude countries.     

RGB-D SLAM增强现实原木检尺系统构建与测试

将内嵌有ToF相机、面阵相机及IMU的智能手机作为硬件系统,RGB-D SLAM技术实时获取的深度图、位姿等为数据源,构建了RGB-D SLAM增强现实楞堆原木检尺系统。首先设计了基于ToF影像实时估计RGB影像像素深度的方法,实现对待测原木端面几何坐标的初步估计;其次,设计了散形分区去噪算法实现原木端面点云的精确过滤,设计了原木端面曲率估计算法实现对过滤点云可靠性判别;然后,基于PCA等算法实现原木长、短直径方向向量估计,并基于该向量对原木长、短直径进行了估计;最后,以所构建算法为基础在智能手机平台上搭建了增强现实楞堆检尺系统,实现智能手机对原木进行实时检尺、增强现实场景对测量结果实时监督。新型检尺系统通过对6个楞堆334根原木进行了检尺实验,以评估该设备的测量精度。结果显示：原木平均直径估计值的偏差及均方根误差分别为-0.13 cm(-0.35%)及1.05 cm(3.34%);原木径阶化直径估计值的偏差及均方根误差分别为-0.10 cm(-0.22%)及1.33 cm(4.43%);原木材积估计值的偏差及均方根误差分别为-0.007 m³(-0.27%)及0...     

重组木制造技术研究进展与展望

依据原料基本单元形态的不同(细长小径材形态和宽薄单板),将重组木分为两类:传统重组木和高性能重组木。围绕两类重组木的制备工艺,重点论述主要工艺的研究进展,分析瓶颈问题;针对高性能重组木关键技术的薄弱环节,提出优化木束单元精细疏解技术、提升加工装备自动化水平、开发绿色功能化的高端产品,构建完善的理论技术体系等建议。     

乳山近海渔业资源种类组成及变化

根据2013—2015年乳山近海拖网渔船的渔捞日志,分析了乳山近海的单位捕捞努力量渔获量、渔获种类组成及生物多样性等特征。结果表明:(1)乳山近海渔获物共有36种,隶属于19目28科33属。其中鱼类有26种,虾蟹类4种,头足类4种,水母类1种,贝类1种。(2)2013—2015年全年优势种差异明显。其中,蓝点马鲛3年均为优势种,鳀鱼是2014年和2015年优势种,网纹狮子鱼为2013年和2015年的优势种。(3)乳山近海渔获物主要集中在休渔期前后的4—5月、9—11月,渔业生产存在明显的春汛和秋汛。2013—2015年乳山近海单位捕捞努力量渔获量逐年增加,但与历史单位捕捞努力量渔获量相比还是存在明显下降;多样性指数和均匀度指数变化趋势一致,多样性指数和丰富度指数较高值出现在秋季;春汛和秋汛期间,渔业资源种属组成及群落结构相似性较高。     

LED补光组合对大棚越橘生长发育的影响

以2年生南高丛越橘‘Emerald’为材料,以大棚内自然光作为对照,研究LED光源的红蓝光(3︰1和6︰1)、紫外光(UVA)对植株长势、叶片光合作用、碳氮代谢、开花基因表达及开花率、果实品质的影响。结果表明:红蓝光组合处理下‘Emerald’的植株营养生长较旺盛,株高、1年生枝条长度和粗度显著高于对照。此外,红蓝光(6︰1)处理下叶片的叶绿素相对含量、比叶重和净光合速率均显著提高。红蓝光组合也可诱导植株开花,开花基因FT表达量和开花率明显高于对照。紫外光下叶片的氮含量、开花率及FT基因表达量显著高于对照。不同光质组合补光对‘Emerald’的果实品质有显著影响,红蓝光(3︰1)处理下果实的质量、横纵径、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、花青素含量和糖酸比均高于对照。总之,不同光质补光会促进越橘‘Emerald’的生长发育,红蓝光6︰1组合对促进营养生长作用相对较大,红蓝光3︰1组合对提高果实品质效果较好。紫外光虽能改变植株形态和促进开花,但果实品质提高效果较红蓝光处理稍弱。     

基于细水雾作用的原木楞堆温度场的相关性研究

对落叶松原木楞堆做细水雾灭火实验,测定实验过程中楞堆各点的温度,利用SPSS软件对定点间温度场进行相关性分析、线性回归分析。研究结果表明：原木楞堆前部温度与其后部温度、左侧温度变化存在两元线性回归方程,前部温度的线性相关性较大;原木楞堆右侧温度与其顶层温度、中层温度、底层温度变化存在三元线性回归方程,中层温度线性相关性最大,上层温度线性相关性最小。利用回归性准确预测整个楞堆温度场变化,对保障林区贮木场的安全生产具有一定的实际意义。     

木材抓具抓爪设计的实用计算

本文以抓爪具有椭圆形轴线形态的木材抓具为对象,对其爪体设计时几何参数的选择与确定,抓爪构件强度的校核等问题,进行系统的分析和讨论,提出了进行抓爪结构设计计算的实用方法。     

影响中红侧沟茧蜂后代性比的因素

对中红侧沟茧蜂雌蜂后代仔蜂比产生影响的因素进行了研究。结果表明，雌蜂羽化后的日龄对后代性比没有影响，但不同雌蜂生产出的仔蜂性比间却有显著差异；通过近交试验发现，中红侧沟茧蜂间的近亲交配是导致仔蜂中大量出现雄蜂的重要原因，繁蜂时扩大种蜂种群，可以获得后代仔蜂的性比约1：1，解决了大量繁殖中红侧沟茧蜂中遇到的困难。本试验结果暗示了中红侧沟茧蜂可能属互补的性别决定机制。     

Complete or incomplete dominance of resistance of the oat cultivar Delphin as a function of crown rust culture

Summary In oat cv. Delphin (Bonda x Carstens Vii) two complementary genes were found conferring resistance to sixteen cultures of ten crown rust (Puccinia coronata Cda. var. avenae Fraser ET Led.) races. The complementary genes showed full dominance to eight races and incomplete dominance to two races.