Sociological Factors about the Urbanization of Traditional Community --Discussion on Ciqikou Community

The modernization has been the dream that Chinese nation has wished eagerly to realize all the time. In some sense, the modernization of China means urbanization. The reform and opening - up over the past 20 years , built and made the enormous achievement in urbanization of China, have changed the appearance of the city of China greatly. But to numerous traditional historical zones, what kind of urbanization way should on earth be taken, it has been the question long - term in dispute of the planning circles all the time. In this paper, Ciqikou community of Chongqing as an example, doing some discussions from sociology on this question, the author hopes, that for such difficult problem, by this settlement a piece of breach can be found as soon as possible.     

Study on Genetic Fingerprinting Technique of Microbial Communities

The 99% of all microorganisms in naturecannot be isolated by standard culture methods without conspicuous external characters to classify them morphologically. In addition, classification based on physiological or biochemical features are often fuzzy. Molecular techniques are used for uncultured microorganisms to explore the diversity of microbial communities and novel resources without the need of cultivation. DNA dynamics and cloning of PCR products obtained from environmental DNA is now routinely used to identify microbial populations in microbial ecology. For practical reasons the approach is not suited to study the complex dynamics of microbial communities in environment. Genetic fingerprinting techniques are better tools, which give complement for the traditional microbiological methods. The methods are rapid and relatively easy to perform, and they allow the simultaneous analysis of multiple samples, which makes it possible to compare the genetic diversity of microbial communities from different habitats, or to study the behaviour of individual communities over time.     

Introduction of Irrigation Service Fee (ISF) in Indonesia: Institutional development in action for resources management

The inability to properly maintain irrigation systems over time forced the Government of Indonesia (GOI) to seek cost recovery from water users through introduction of an irrigation service fee. The plan is to introduce this fee in all of the technical irrigation systems of Indonesia, covering about 4 million hectares, over a 12 year period. Design and Introduction of this service fee in 4 pilot areas of the 4 major rice producing provinces (West, Central and East Java, and South Sulawesi) during 1989–1991 has shown that users are willing to pay. Results of first ISF collection from over 11,000 farmers in Central and East Java in pilot systems was an encouraging 95%. However that acceptance to pay by users depends on their structured and systematic involvement in defining systems needs. They need to understand a differentiation in payment if service levels are different. They appreciate use of collected funds in the system where collected. They understand the organization of water users associations but this requires their active role in fee determination and collection. They understand the establishment of federations of these associations. ISF requires also active involvement of Local Government officials as facilitators and intermediaries between service receivers (the water users) and service providers (personnel of the Public Works irrigation department) in the introduction period. This article describes the experience of the first 21 months of the ISF project, the concept developed, the principles used as basis for ISF, the introduction at the field level, issues related to acceptance by users and by the institutions involved, and the first results.Abbreviations/Acronyms DGWRD Directorate General of Water Resources Development (Ministry of Public Works) - EOM Efficient Operation and Maintenance - Gabungan group of WUAs - IPAIR Indonesian abbreviation for ISF - ISF Irrigation Service Fee - Juru gate keeper - PBB land tax on irrigated lands - PPL agricultural field extension agent - P3A Indonesian abbreviation for Water Users Associations - PU Indonesian abbreviation for Public Works - SM Special Maintenance - WUA Water Users Associations     

园林植物土壤酶活性和微生物活性对盐碱胁迫的响应

以园林植物石楠为试材,通过混合2种中性盐(NaCl和Na2SO4)和2种碱性盐(NaHCO3和Na2CO3)分别模拟不同强度的盐、碱胁迫条件,对园林植物(石楠)进行3年(2015—2017年)的胁迫处理,以期探讨盐碱胁迫对园林植物土壤酶活性和微生物的影响。结果表明:1)土壤中有机酸含量随着盐碱浓度的增加呈逐渐降低趋势。随胁迫强度增加,盐、碱胁迫均使土壤中Na⁺浓度大幅度上升,K⁺浓度大幅度下降,但碱胁迫下Na⁺浓度上升幅度和K⁺浓度下降幅度均大于盐胁迫。2)随着盐碱浓度的增加,土壤中氨基酸类、碳水化合物类、羧酸类、聚合物类、胺类、酚酸类碳源呈逐渐降低趋势,总体而言,碳水化合物和羧酸类碳源是盐碱胁迫下园林植物土壤微生物的主要碳源,其次为氨基酸类、酚酸类和聚合物类,胺类碳源的利用率最小。3)土壤微生物物种丰富度指数(H)、均匀度指数(E)和碳源利用丰富度指数(S)、土壤微生物量碳、微生物呼吸和微生物代谢熵随盐碱浓度的增加而增加。4)土壤糖苷酶、几丁质酶、亮氨酸氨基肽酶、碱性磷酸酶、酚氧化酶δ和过氧化物酶δ随盐碱浓度的增加呈逐渐降低趋势。5)交互作用分析显示,盐胁迫、碱胁迫、盐胁迫×碱胁迫对有机酸、Na⁺、K⁺、Na⁺/K⁺、物种丰富度指数(H)、碳源利用丰富度指数(S)、土壤微生物量碳、土壤微生物呼吸、土壤微生物代谢熵、糖苷酶和碱性磷酸酶具有显著的影响(P<0.05),其中碱胁迫对土壤酶活性和微生物群落多样性的影响高于盐胁迫,并且盐胁迫×碱胁迫的影响高于单独盐胁迫或碱胁迫.     

高校数字图书馆有效服务模式研究

在分析高校数字图书馆有效服务模式、主要特征的基础上,构建了一个以用户为中心的高校数字图书馆这一信息服务模式,并探讨了实现这一有效服务模式的途径与策略。

     

网络环境下省疾控中心图书馆工作

网络环境下,疾控中心图书馆应围绕其职能特点提供服务,其建设目标是收集和提供信息资源、提高信息咨询能力、提供专题化信息服务和加强员工的培训,因此必须加强图书馆人才队伍建设。     

面向用户服务体系的图书馆形态

面向用户服务体系的流动图书馆、盲人图书馆、家庭虚拟图书馆、电视图书馆、手机图书馆和泛在图书馆的本质和使命就是为一切用户服务。     

高校图书馆批量退证系统的设计与实现

针对高校图书馆在毕业生退证高峰期所面临的问题,介绍了惠州学院图书馆批量退证系统的设计目标及思路,并对批量退证系统实现过程中对相关表的解读、数据库的连接方法和功能的实现过程进行了详细的论述。     

国内外图书馆读者服务的比较与借鉴

通过对国内外图书馆读者服务的对比分析,找出了国内图书馆读者服务的不足之处,并就我国实际情况,提出了改进读者服务的措施。     

医学院校图书馆读者信息需求调查与分析

对川北医学院读者的文献信息需求进行了问卷调查,对调查结果进行了定量统计和定性分析,同时基于读者文献信息需求特点、需求规律及其影响因素等对该院图书馆文献资源建设提出了一些建议。