The in vitro motility response to various anthelmintics of third-stage larvae of Oesophagostomum spp. from pigs

The in vitro activities of thiabendazole, levamisole, pyrantel, morantel and ivermectin against Oesophagostomum spp., the nodular worm of pigs, were determined and compared. The study was carried out using isolates of O. dentatum and O. quadrispinulatum, which had been defined in vivo. Infective larvae were exposed to the anthelmintics for 24 h and then placed in a micromotility meter. All the treatments significantly reduced the motility of the ensheathed L₃ larvae, but the micromotility meter was not able to differentiate between anthelmintic resistant and anthelmintic susceptible isolates.     

The Comet assay for detection of DNA damage in canine sperm

Sperm DNA integrity is a fundamental prerequisite in fertilization and embryo development. Among DNA integrity tests, the Comet assay is an accurate and sensitive test for the detection of sperm oxidative damage. The aim of this work was to evaluate sperm oxidative damage using the Comet assay and to study the correlation between Comet and routine assays for the evaluation of semen quality. Dogs were divided in two groups: group A (n = 6), comprising dogs with abnormal spermiogram, that is astheno‐, terato‐ or oligoasthenoteratozoospermic (OAT); and group B (n = 8), comprising normospermic dogs. The distribution of sperm oxidative damage was significantly different between the two groups (p = .001): group A—median: 31.55%, interquartile range (IQR): 30.18–38.01; group B—median: 0.90%, IQR: 0.65–1.96. The correlation between oxidative damage and abnormal morphology was high (r = .846; p < .001). There was a negative correlation between progressive motility and oxidative damage (r = ?.792; p = .001). Basal and oxidative DNA damage of spermatozoa are increased in dogs with non‐normospermic semen. In conclusion, and considering the elevated correlation with classical tests of sperm quality, the Comet assay has ample potential for clinical and research purposes in dogs.     

ELISA技术在畜产品安全检测中的应用

酶联免疫吸附试验 (Enzyme-L inkedImmunosorbent Assay,EL SA)主要是将抗原(或抗体 )吸附于固相载体 ,在载体上进行免疫酶染色 ,最后底物显色用肉眼或分光光度计判定结果的一种检测方法。随着生活水平的不断提高 ,人们越来越关注食品中各种有害物质对健康的影响。对食品中各种有害物质的监测显得越来越重要。畜产品作为食品的重要组成部分 ,其安全检测也不容忽视。检测畜产品中有害物质的方法很多 ,大多数需要昂贵的仪器设备 ,且操作繁琐 ,成本较高。酶联免疫吸附法因其具有操作简便、快速准确等优点 ,成为畜产品中药物残留、毒素、农药、微生物检测中最重要的检测技术之一 ,得到人们的青睐 ,展示了很好的应用前景     

Effect of Heat‐treatment on Accuracy of Infrared Spectroscopy and Digital and Optical Brix Refractometers for Measuring Immunoglobulin G Concentration in Bovine Colostrum

Background

Heat‐treatment of colostrum is a method developed to reduce calf exposure to pathogens. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Brix refractometers can be used for measuring colostral IgG concentration and assessing colostrum quality.

Objectives

To determine the impact of heat‐treatment on accuracy of IR spectroscopy and Brix refractometers for measuring colostral IgG concentration and assessing colostrum quality before and after heat‐treatment.

Animals

A total of 60 Holstein dairy cows on 8 commercial dairy farms.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was designed to determine the effect of heat‐treatment at 60°C and 63°C each for 30 and 60 minutes duration on colostral IgG concentration measured by the reference radial immunodiffusion (RID) assay, IR spectroscopy, and digital and optical refractometers.

Results

Colostrum IgG concentration significantly decreased after heat‐treatment at 63°C for 30 or 60 minutes as measured by RID, but the IgG values remained unchanged when measured by IR spectroscopy and refractometers. The lowest correlation coefficient found between IR spectroscopy (r = 0.70) and RID results was in colostrum heat‐treated at 63°C for 60 minutes. For digital (r = 0.48) and optical (r = 0.50) refractometers, the lowest correlation coefficient was at 63°C for 30 minutes when compared to RID. The accuracy of the IR spectroscopy, digital and optical Brix refractometers was decreased from 91.7 to 80%, 81.7 to 45%, and 80 to 45%, respectively, when colostrum heat‐treated at 63°C for 60 minutes.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Radial immunodiffusion, IR spectroscopy, and Brix refractometers exhibit utility for measuring IgG concentration when colostrum heat‐treated at 60°C but does not detect decrease IgG concentrations when heat‐treated at 63°C.     

青海省猪囊尾蚴病血清学调查

猪囊尾蚴病又称猪囊虫病,是由人的有钩绦虫(猪带绦虫)的幼虫——猪囊尾蚴寄生在猪的肌肉中所引起一种人畜共患寄生虫病。为了摸清青海省猪囊尾蚴感染情况,对来自10个县市的788份猪血清样品采用ELISA方法进行了血清学检测,结果检出阳性样品17份,阳性率为2.16%。     

A new Brucella canis species-specific PCR assay for the diagnosis of canine brucellosis

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that is transmitted from animals to humans, and the development of a rapid, accurate, and widely available identification method is essential for diagnosing this disease. In this study, we developed a new Brucella canis species-specific (BcSS) PCR assay and evaluated its specificity and sensitivity. A specific PCR primer set was designed based on the BCAN_B0548-0549 region in chromosome II of B. canis. The PCR detection for B. canis included amplification of a 300-bp product that is, not found on other Brucella species or, genetically or serologically related bacteria. The detection limit of BcSS-PCR assay was 6 pg/μl by DNA dilution, or 3 × 10³ colony-forming units (CFU) in the buffy coats separated from whole blood experimentally inoculated with B. canis. Using the buffy coat in this PCR assay resulted in approximately 100-times higher sensitivity for B. canis as compared to detect directly from whole blood. This is the first report of a species-specific PCR assay to detect B. canis, and the new assay will provide a valuable tool for the diagnosis of B. canis infection.     

利福平乙基纤维素微球在小鼠体内的组织分布

以有机相分散、溶媒扩散二步法制备了利福平乙基纤维素微球，粒径范围2.5-12.5μm，其中粒径2.5-5.0μm的约占63％。采用微生物测定法研究了利福平乙基纤维素微球静脉给药后，利福平在小鼠体内的组织分布，且与游离利福平在小鼠体内组织分布进行了比较，小鼠单剂量静脉注射游离利福平或利福平乙基纤维素微球（相当于利福平原药）10mg/kg，测定0.5、1、3、7、12、24、48、72、120、168h共10个时间点各组织中的药物浓度。结果表明，游离利福平给药组和利福平乙基纤维素微球给药组在12h内均以肝脏中药物浓度为最高，为9.96-22.41μg/g，在3h内微球给药组高于游离药物给药组，7、12h微球给药组的药物浓度迅速下降，低于游离药物给药组；肾脏的药物浓度在12h内微球给药组明显低于游离药物给药组，24－168h微球给药组的药物浓度下降迟缓，显著高于游离药物给药组直到168药物浓度始终是微球给药组高于游离药物给药组，12h游离药物给药组已不能检出药物含量，而微球给药组直到168h仍维持在5.44μg/g，接近游离药物给药组的最高峰值；血清中利福平浓度在48h已不能检出，而微球给药组在168h为1.33mg/L；心脏、用脏微球给药组和游离药物给药组的药物浓度变化无统计学意义，与游离药物相比，利福平微球明显提高了肺脏中的药物分布，降低了利福平对肝脏、肾脏的毒性，并显著延缓了药物代谢，说明利福平微球具有长效、靶向作用。     

百草枯对人肝HepG2细胞存活力和凋亡的影响

探讨百草枯(PQ)对人肝细胞的毒性。采用甲基噻唑蓝试验和流式细胞术分别检测了PQ处理24 h对人肝Hep G2细胞存活力和凋亡的影响。PQ处理24 h时,对Hep G2细胞存活力的半数抑制浓度为51.17 mg/L;7.21 mg/L的PQ处理24 h即可启动Hep G2细胞的早期凋亡程序,随着PQ处理浓度的增大,Hep G2细胞的总凋亡率先升高后降低,而细胞坏死率持续升高。PQ对人肝Hep G2细胞具有明显毒性,会抑制Hep G2细胞的存活力,低浓度时主要诱导细胞凋亡,高浓度则主要导致细胞坏死,说明保肝类药物可能对PQ中毒有较好疗效。     

拟除虫菊酯类农药半抗原合成及酶联免疫分析

酶联免疫分析(ELISA)是农药残留检测的一种重要方法,具有方便快速、特异灵敏等优点.主要介绍了拟除虫菊酯类农药半抗原的合成方法,对拟除虫菊酯分子的环丙烷、氰基和芳香环进行修饰;对拟除虫菊酯水解产物进行修饰;增加一个连接臂作为半抗原.同时介绍了酶联免疫分析的研究进展,对拟除虫菊酯类农药半抗原的合成及酶联免疫分析进行了讨论和展望.酶联免疫分析在拟除虫菊酯类农药的残留检测中将起到越来越重要的作用.