应用发光细菌法检测饲用抗生素单一及联合毒性的研究

以HgCl2为毒性参照,以等毒性配比法研究了饲用盐酸金霉素、吉他霉素、盐霉素和黄霉素对发光细菌的单一及联合毒性。结果表明:盐酸金霉素、吉他霉素、盐霉素、黄霉素对明亮发光杆菌的急性毒性EC50分别为9.21、146.13、4.24 mg/L和134.68 mg/L,发光细菌的相对发光强度(RLU)随着抗生素浓度的提高而降低,并分别在2~16、25~200、1~8 mg/L和25~200 mg/L范围内呈良好线性关系;多元饲用抗生素对发光细菌具有联合毒性的作用,吉他霉素与盐酸金霉素、盐霉素和黄霉素3种抗生素的二元组合对发光细菌的联合毒性表现为较强的协同作用,而盐酸金霉素、盐霉素和黄霉素两两分别组合对发光细菌的联合毒性表现为拮抗作用;三元及四元抗生素混合体系对发光细菌的联合毒性均表现为拮抗作用。     

DNA条形码技术在中药领域的应用

DNA条形码技术可对物种进行快速自动鉴定,具有鉴定准确、结果稳定、操作简便、适用广泛等特点,目前在中药领域应用较多。从DNA条形码技术在中药材鉴定、种植、流通、市场监管、中成药鉴定和药用植物种质资源调查等中药领域的多个方面进行综述,并探讨DNA条形码技术在中药领域的优势和不足,以期为DNA条形码技术在中药领域的研究提供新的思路。     

发酵乳中沙门氏菌依赖解旋酶恒温基因扩增快速检测方法的建立

建立依赖解旋酶恒温基因扩增（helicase-dependent isothermal DNA amplification,HDA）快速检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌方法。以沙门氏菌invA基因序列为目的基因,设计特异性引物,优化反应体系中UvrD解旋酶及T4 gp32添加量,建立最优反应体系。通过HDA方法直接检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌,扩增其产物后进行电泳检测,验证方法特异性。结果表明：采用HDA快速检测法检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌特异性良好,优化后反应体系体积50 μL时,UvrD解旋酶添加量为0.10 μg,T4 gp32添加量为5.0 μg,得到与设计序列长度（304 bp）一致的扩增产物,检出限为2.6×102 CFU/g;该方法用于快速检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌能够满足检测需求,具有较高的灵敏度、易操作,可作为一种基础且快速的方法检测发酵乳中沙门氏菌。     

THIS ARTICLE HAS BEEN RETRACTED Exergy as an ecological application used in the recovery process of benthic communities

Exergy, the thermodynamic function that represents the distance of an open system from equilibrium, is proposed as an ecological indicator for summarizing the complex dynamics occurring in a disturbed community during its recovery processes. These complex dynamics can be difficult to capture by using classical indices. In this study, we sampled macrobenthos using the BACI scheme (before versus after; control versus impact) in tidal wetlands of west Chongming Island, China, an area that has been disturbed by ecological engineering measures. Exergy storage is estimated for benthic communities. The control area is proposed as dynamic reference for estimating local exergy storage of the benthic community. Three different methods were used for estimating exergy on the basis of coefficients: (a) taken for taxa groups; (b) estimated from coding genes given for broad taxonomic groups; and (c) estimated from genome size taken as close as possible to the taxonomic level of the species, providing a basis for inferring similarities. We found a decrease of local exergy content in the disturbed area 9 days after the disturbance. Subsequently, the reference exergy of the benthic community increased (i.e. in the surrounding control area) in accordance with the proposed hypothesis regarding the dynamics of exergy storage during a system's development. Estimates of local exergy arrived at using the three methods provided comparable results. Based on this, we then discuss the feasibility of using the more readily available genome size data for estimating exergy. This result may have important implications for broader application of this indicator to biological systems. Moreover, the adjacent control samples seem to represent an appropriate dynamic reference for estimating the local exergy of disturbed communities. We found that exergy was a useful indicator that integrates the processes underlying the recovery of the benthic community after disturbance.     

Induction of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rats chronically exposed to cypermethrin through dermal application

Present study was undertaken to study the effect of cypermethrin on oxidative stress after chronic dermal application. The insecticide was applied dermally at 50 mg/kg body weight in different groups of Wistar rats of either sex weighing 150~200 g. Significant (p < 0.05) increase in catalase activity was observed after 30 days of exposure. However, the superoxide dismutase activity declined significantly after 60 days of exposure. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and blood glutathione levels declined significantly (p < 0.05) after 30 days of cypermethrin dermal application. However, the activity of glutathione S-transferase increased significantly (p < 0.05) in all groups after 60 days of dermal exposure. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation was observed from 30 days onwards and reached a peak after 120 days of application.     

耐高糖酵母的筛选及其在黄酒中的应用研究

从蜂蜜、葡萄、面包3种原料中提取天然酵母进行梯度驯化,再通过紫外诱变育种,筛选出具有耐高糖性质的酵母并对其相关特性进行研究,将筛选出的菌株应用于黄酒酿造过程。结果表明,筛选出的酵母可耐受的糖度、pH值、酒精度分别为40%,1.5和10%Vol,将其应用于黄酒发酵中,经过7 d发酵后,菌株降糖能力较传统菌株提高了20 g/L,酒精度提高了0.4%Vol,糖类物质转化率达到11%。采用自然驯化和紫外诱变育种相结合,得到适用于黄酒酿造生产的耐高糖酵母菌株。     

大功率高转速自润滑输油机泵的研制与应用

为使秦京输油管道达到增输和实现密闭输送,研制了一种大功率、高转速自润滑输油机泵(ZS350×480型管道泵),该泵与DKS450/550型输油泵相比,具有泵效高、耗能低、维修方便等特点。详细介绍了ZS350×480型管道泵及1250 kW电机的研制改造过程,通过在秦京输油管道上两年多的试运行,技术状况良好,各项参数均达到了设计要求,为输油生产带来了可观的经济效益和社会效益。     

甘肃菊科牧草霜霉病调查研究

经调查，甘肃12种菊科牧草上发生霜霉病，由盘霜霉属的7个种、轴霜霉属1个种和首次在甘肃发现的类霜霉属2个种侵梁所致，并发现鉴定盘霜霉新组合种和变种各1个。霜霉病一般在河西地区较陇东、陇南发病严重，有的发病率高速40％以上。     

生物安全隔离区划在禽流感防控中的应用

简要回顾了生物安全隔离区划的应用进展,重点介绍了生物安全隔离区划在禽流感防控中常用的技术手段,以期对我国禽流感防控工作和无禽流感生物安全隔离区建设提供参考。     

菊芋的功能及其在食品中的应用

菊芋是一种具有多种生理功能的天然绿色食品,极具开发价值。论述了菊芋的营养功能、生理功能、生态功能及其在食品中的应用。