浅谈内蒙古大兴安岭林区一期天保工程实施效果

文章对内蒙古大兴安岭林区一期天保工程实施效果进行了分析、评价,剖析了其存在的主要问题,并对今后经营提出了相应的建议。     

论农民工职业培训权的法律保护

要弥补造成农民工职业培训权实现障碍的法律上的疏漏,完善法律规定、提高规范层级、构建法律监督与救济制度,以切实保障农民工职业培训权的落实。     

番木瓜环斑病毒弱毒株的构建及分析

弱毒株是利用交叉保护防治植物病毒病害的关键限制因子。通过对马铃薯Y病毒属病毒(强、弱毒株)的全长及部分氨基酸序列比对分析,筛选出在亲本强毒株PRSV-LM的P1和HC-Pro基因上的8个可能与致病性相关的氨基酸突变位点(I_(309)、K_(481)、K_(598)、R_(728)、F_(753)、L_(754)、N_(787)和D_(944))。采用定点突变和Gibson拼接法,分别成功构建了4种含有2个突变位点(L_(754)和N_(787))、4个突变位点(I_(309)、K_(481)、F_(753)和D_(944))、6个突变位点(I_(309)、K_(481)、F_(753)、L_(754)、N_(787)和D_(944))和8个突变位点(I_(309)、K_(481)、K_(598)、R_(728)、F_(753)、L_(754)、N_(787)和D_(944))的PRSV-LM全长c DNA侵染性克隆突变体:p Gprsvm~2、p Gprsvm4、p Gprsvm6和p Gprsvm8。经人工接种、病症观察和RT-PCR检测,4种突变体克隆均能系统性侵染非转基因番木瓜植株,除克隆p Gprsvm~2的病症表现与亲本强毒株PRSV-LM一致外,其他多位点突变的克隆p Gprsvm4、p Gprsvm6和p Gprsvm8在番木瓜植株上的病症严重程度出现依次减弱,而克隆p Gprsvm8的病症最弱,且延迟2周发病。本实验初步验证了6个氨基酸突变位点(I_(309)→S、K_(481)→Q、K_(598)→E、F_(753)→L、R_(728)→I和D_(944)→N)与PRSV-LM的病症表现及致病力相关,其中K_(598)→E和R_(728)→I可能是影响致病性的关键位点。     

微生物在环境保护中的应用及前景

从环境保护的角度出发,重点论述了微生物在这一领域的应用现状与发展前景,指出微生物将会在21世纪的环境保护领域中发挥重要作用。     

大理湿地特点与管理对策

根据大理湿地的现状和特点，针对湿地保护和管理中存在的问题，提出了积极有效的保护对策和管理措施。     

防雷型熔断器新产品开发可行性的讨论

本文主要对低压配电系统SPD的过电流保护装置进行了讨论,并阐述了新型防雷型熔断器的设计思路和自有独创性。     

达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统服务价值评价

生态系统服务功能是生态系统与生态过程所形成及所维持的人类赖以生存的自然环境条件与效用,对其服务价值进行货币化评价,可以推动自然资源可持续利用,促进区域生态环境保护。以达里诺尔湖湿地为研究对象,结合达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统的结构、特征及其生态过程特点,通过资料搜集与实地调研,运用资源经济学理论和方法,对达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统服务价值进行了划分。构建了达里诺尔湖湿地生态系统服务价值评价指标体系,并对其进行了价值评价。评价结果显示达里诺尔湖湿地的服务价值为93.70×10⁴万元,其中直接使用价值为2.19×10⁴万元,占比为2.36%,间接使用价值为91.51×10⁴万元,占比为97.66%。各项生态系统服务功能中以调节空气湿度价值最大,为82.76×10⁴万元,占总服务价值的88.32%。     

122份栽培桃品种（系）黄白肉性状的分子标记辅助鉴定

【目的】 类胡萝卜素裂解双脱氧酶基因（Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenases 4,CCD4）控制桃果肉颜色（白/黄）,CCD4存在3种等位基因。本研究利用Indel、SSR荧光标记毛细管电泳及SNP鉴定等基因分型技术分析我国主要桃黄白肉品种（系）中CCD4等位基因的差异,为主要黄/白肉品种（系）的基因型鉴定、亲本选配和选择相应的分子标记对不同来源子代的果肉颜色进行鉴定奠定基础。【方法】利用已经报道的桃不同果肉颜色中CCD4等位基因3种突变类型,合成不同引物进行PCR扩增,LTR反转录转座子插入突变经1%的琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测,CT单元重复的PCR产物在ABI3730XL测序仪上进行SSR荧光标记毛细管电泳检测,SNP标记经Sanger测序后利用ContigExpress软件分析CCD4等位基因的碱基替换（A→T）。综合以上结果,统计每份材料中CCD4等位基因的突变类型与果肉颜色的一致性。【结果】通过对不同来源的122份桃品种（系）材料进行基因型分析,发现CCD4发生LTR反转录转座子插入突变材料的基因型共有31份,占总材料的25.4%,其中纯合插入突变材料的片段扩增长度为729 bp,共有8份,占总突变的25.8%;CCD4发生微卫星重复序列突变材料存在2 bp的插入,扩增片段长度为179 bp,该类型共有68份,占总材料的55.7%,其中纯合插入材料25份,占总突变的36.8%;CCD4发生A→T碱基替换突变的材料较少,仅有1份,占总材料的0.82%,实际应用中可以不考虑该种类型。CT和LTR插入的两种突变类型的黄肉品种（系）有7份,占总材料的5.7%。研究结果表明,LTR反转录转座子插入突变和微卫星序列重复突变是黄肉桃中CCD4等位基因的主要突变类型。其中CCD4发生一种纯合突变或两种杂合突变桃品种（系）为黄肉类型,分子标记鉴定结果与调查的122份桃品种（系）黄白肉表型性状完全一致,准确率为100%。【结论】采用分子标记明确了122个桃品种（系）黄/白肉性状的基因型,为不同亲本组合子代表型鉴定的标记类型选择提供了技术支撑,为建立桃种质材料黄/白性状的分子辅助育种体系和黄肉桃的选育奠定了基础。     

我国名人故居保护与利用的回顾与展望

指出了名人故居保护与利用是当前我国历史文化建筑保护的重要内容,通过对我国名人故居研究现况和保护阶段的梳理,从特征内涵、保护传承和开发利用3个方面归纳了我国现有名人故居保护的基本内容与特点。以此为基础,探讨了对名人故居保护利用研究的趋势与展望。     

Interactions between crop biomass and development of foliar diseases in winter wheat and the potential to graduate the fungicide dose according to crop biomass

Foliar pathogens such as Zymoseptoria tritici and Puccinia striiformis causing septoria leaf blotch and yellow rust respectively can cause serious yield reduction in winter wheat production, and control of the diseases often requires several fungicide applications during the growing season. Control is typically carried out using a constant fungicide dose in the entire field although there may be large differences in crop development and biomass across the field. The objective of the study reported in this paper was to test whether the fungicide dose response curve controlling septoria leaf blotch and other foliar diseases in winter wheat was dependent on crop development and biomass level. If such a biomass dependent dose response was found it was further the purpose to evaluate the potential to optimize fungicide inputs in winter wheat crops applying a site-specific crop density dependent fungicide dose. The study was carried out investigating fungicide dose response controlling foliar diseases in winter wheat at three biomass densities obtained growing the crop at three nitrogen levels and using variable seed rates. Further the field experiments included three fungicide dose rates at each biomass level, an untreated control, and 75%, 50% and 33% of the recommended fungicide dose rate and the experiments were replicated for three years. Crop biomass had a significant influence on occurrence of septoria and yellow rust with greater disease severity at increasing crop biomass. In two of three years, the interaction of crop biomass and fungicide dose rate had a significant influence on disease severity indicating a biomass-dependent dose response. The interaction occurred in the two years with high yield potential in combination with severe disease attack. If the variation in crop density and biomass level obtained in the study is representative of the variation found cultivating winter wheat in heterogeneous fields, then there seems to be scope for optimizing fungicide input against foliar diseases site-specific adapting the dose according to crop density/biomass.