Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Analysis of Diploid Coffee Species and Cultivated Coffea arabica L. from Tanzania

Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to evaluate levels of genetic similarity among Coffea arabica L. accessions from Tanzania and to estimate levels of genetic similarities in C. arabica and diploid coffee species. The six ISSR primers used generated a total of 82 fragments and the dissimilarity values ranged from 0.21 to 1. Mean dissimilarity values between provenances (0.56–0.85) were higher than within provenances (0.37–0.68). Cluster analysis based on Nei’s genetic distances showed C. arabica provenances grouping based on geographical origin. Two major clusters were formed that constituted of provenances from Kilimanjaro and Arusha in one sub-cluster; Tanga and Morogoro in the other; the second cluster had Mbeya provenances and diploid species, respectively. The implication is that Mbeya provenances are different from the rest of Tanzanian C. arabica. A principal coordinate analysis (PCA), whose first three coordinates explained 43% of the variation, showed similar groupings as in the cluster analysis. A separate cluster analysis of diploid species showed a distinct separation of the three species used. ISSR data gave results similar to previous findings from random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis. The results also confirm the limited diversity present in cultivated C. arabica in Tanzania     

Chemical and microbiological soil properties in organic and conventional management systems of Coffea arabica L.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of organic (OS) and conventional (CS) farming of Arabica coffee on chemical and microbiological soil properties and to identify which attributes correlate and/or contribute to distinguishing these two management systems. We collected soil samples on a 100 × 100 m² grid in both, the OS and CS, in winter and summer and submitted chemical and microbiological properties to univariate and multivariate analyses (canonical discriminant analysis – CDA – and redundancy analysis – RDA). The best indicators to discriminate OS and CS were chemical and microbiological properties, as the elements calcium (Ca) and boron (B), besides microbial biomass carbon (MBC), metabolic quotient (qCO₂), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The RDA showed that, regardless of the season, MBC and ACP correlated with nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and organic matter (OM), whereas basal respiration (C-CO₂) and ACP correlated with qCO₂ and with magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and pH.     

Arylsulphatase activity of different latosol soils of Ghana cropped to cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and coffee (Coffea canephora var. robusta)

Summary A study was undertaken to investigate arylsulphatase activity in 15 soils cropped to cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and coffee (Coffea canephora var. robusta) in Ghana. The arylsulphatase activity was correlated positively and significantly with organic C, total N, and cation exchange capacity, and correlated negatively with acetate soluble sulphate. The enzyme was deactivated at an incubation temperature of over 60°C. Preheating and oven-drying of soils decreased arylsulphatase activity. Addition of 1.0 ml toluene during the assay resulted in a sharp decline in arylsuphatase activity. The addition of trace elements at a concentration of 1 ppm caused a reduction in soil arylsulphatase activity compared with that of the untreated samples.     

5个咖啡品种在保山市潞江坝干热河谷区生长及产量性状调查

对干热河谷地区潞江坝的5个基因型咖啡品种进行评价调查,在3年里记录各个品种的生长量,单株产量,鲜果千粒重,干果千粒重等并进行分析比较。为今后干热河谷地区的咖啡种植品种选择提供参考依据。     

Global coffee market influence on land‐use and land‐cover change in the Western Ghats Of India

In this study, we used image‐processing techniques to examine the spatial pattern of land‐use and land‐cover (LULC) change that occurred in the coffee growing area in the Western Ghats of India during the international coffee crisis in the 1990s. The study also ascertains the driving forces of these changes using qualitative research methods that include archival studies and interviews of knowledgeable individuals. We analyzed Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) for 1991 and Landsat ETM+ for 2002 to quantify LULC. Historical land‐use changes in different land ownership regimes were also analyzed. Global coffee market fluctuations were found to be the major cause of landscape change in the study region. When the global coffee prices increased, more forested areas were cleared for coffee cultivation. Failure of global coffee market forced farmers to convert land from subsistence farming (rice) to short‐period commercial crops like ginger. This also resulted in land degradation in rice paddies. For the farmers in the Western Ghats, LULC decisions are one of the methods used to cope with the vulnerability created due to the international coffee crisis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Responses of different arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) clones to varied environmental conditions

Different improved coffee arabica crosseshaving resistance to coffee berry diseaseand leaf rust, plus a standard cultivar,were grown under a range of environmentalconditions in a series of field trials inKenya. The effects of location and year ofproduction and their interactions with theclones were determined for berry yield.These data were used to estimate andcompare methods of analysis of GEI. An AMMImodel, joint regression model and ANOVAwith repeated measurements were used toinvestigate these interactions. The resultsindicated the relative effects of theclones and the environmental conditions,with Meru being the location where therewas greatest discrimination between theclones, probably because it was bettersuited for coffee. Clones,environments and joint regressions combinedaccounted for 31.20% of the interaction,leaving a residual of 68.80%. Significantresidual mean squares showed therelationship between clones andenvironments not to be strictly linear,thus indicating that regression analysisdid not always provide good estimates ofindividual clonal performance acrossenvironments. High correlations wereobtained between mean yield and regressioncoefficients and between ecovalence andmean square deviations as well as thecoefficient of determination. Resultsshowed that the improved clones surpassedthe standard cultivar both in terms ofyield and stability.Different analyses of the various aspectsof genotype response enabled the 21 clonesto be classified into different similaritygroups based on their performance andphenotypic stability as measured by variousstability parameters and the use of biplotsfrom the AMMI analysis.     

咖啡的生物全息现象及其遗传势的研究

根据全息生物学的理论,研究了咖啡树枝条不同部位叶片的面积、座果数量和光合速率等性状的差异。结果表明,这些性状均存在中部优势,体现了生物全息相关性。咖啡树枝条中部区段存在较强的遗传势,选取枝条中部咖啡豆(或芽条)培育种苗,可能有利于提高咖啡的产量与品质。     

土壤干旱对小粒种咖啡有关生理参数的影响

对塑料袋一年生咖啡苗定期停止淋水，使土壤遭受不断加剧的干旱胁迫，以检测水分供应对咖啡生理状况的影响。试验结果表明：轻度水分胁迫，如１ｄ不淋水，即导致咖啡光合速率、蒸腾速率、可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素、类胡萝卜素含量以及含水量、气孔开张率、水势等生理参数开始下降；而过氧化物酶活性、脯氨酸和丙二醛含量以及细胞透性等生理参数开始上升，且随土壤水分胁迫的逐步加剧，上述各生理参数呈渐进性恶变。光合速率对土壤水分的反应属敏感参数之一，轻度干旱即使光合速率明显下降。高温间歇干旱期，常规管理的田间含水量能使咖啡光合速率受到抑制，灌水可促使光合速率提高。     

云南特色农产品小粒咖啡网络营销顾客满意度模型构建与分析

发展特色农产品网络营销是实现我国传统农业向现代农业转型和推动区域经济发展的创新途径。在激烈的市场竞争中,顾客满意度已成为衡量特色农产品网络经营者成功的关键因素。云南小粒咖啡在全国特色农产品资源中独树一帜,通过对小粒咖啡网络营销的实际调查分析,构建了一个适用于小粒咖啡网络营销的顾客满意度测评模型,并通过实证分析验证了模型的可行性。