三江源区高寒草甸草场放牧牦牛采食量的测定

试验选用约2．5岁公牦牛8头，在三江源地区玉树县的高寒草甸草场，应用4N盐酸不溶灰分法（4N—AIA）和木质素标记物法测定了不同物候期（青草期和枯黄期）放牧牦牛日采食量及牧草营养成分的消化率。结果表明：2．5岁牦牛在青草期、枯黄期的100kg体重日采食量分别为3．69kg和2．96kg，差异极显著（P〈0.01）；其不同物候期的千物质消化率分别为65．70％、61．72％（P〉0．05），粗蛋白的消化率为62．25％、39．00％（P〈0．01），粗脂肪为49．36％、58．18％（P〈0．05），ADF的消化率为57．88％、62．67％（P〉0．05），NDF的消化率为69．09％、79．38％（P＜0．01）。     

内蒙古地区农业干旱预测方法研究

为了提高内蒙古农区干旱预测的准确率,本文针对农区干旱的特点,提出了春旱和夏秋旱的标准。并利用数理统计方法,分析得出前冬80cm地温的正负距平区域可预测来年春季干旱的程度;前冬160cm地温距平区域可预测来年夏秋季干旱趋势。同时指出夏季以前开始的ENSO年内蒙古中西部农区春季、夏秋季易出现中~大旱,但夏季以后开始的EN-SO年,夏秋季以轻旱~不旱为主;ENSO次年内蒙古农区夏秋季基本是轻旱或不旱年;而在太阳黑子数下降期,内蒙古农区夏秋季也以轻旱或不旱年居多。     

Molecular characterization of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Phoma tracheiphila</Emphasis>, causal agent of Mal secco disease of citrus,in Israel

Mal secco disease of citrus caused by Phoma tracheiphila is a devastating disease in the Mediterranean basin. Susceptible citrus species include lemon, citron, lime and others. Trees attacked by the fungus show characteristic symptoms; the smallest twigs die first, followed by the larger branches. Eventually, the whole tree is killed. The symptoms are clear in the orchards but by the time they are visible the disease is already well established. The need for a sensitive, reliable and rapid diagnostic method for the early identification of the fungus in trees and fruit exists. We have developed a PCR-based method for the identification of P. tracheiphila from plant tissues including fruit. Any such method must take into account the genetic variability in the pathogen population. Molecular methods were used to compare different isolates of P. tracheiphila. This study found no significant differences between different isolates from different citrus species from different parts of Israel.     

Roles of stolbur phytoplasma and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Reptalus panzeri</Emphasis> (Cixiinae,Auchenorrhyncha) in the epidemiology of Maize redness in Serbia

Maize redness (MR), a disease causing midrib, leaf and stalk reddening and abnormal ear development in maize, has been reported from Serbia, Romania and Bulgaria for 50 years. Recent epiphytotics reduced yields by 40%–90% in southern Banat, Serbia. MR was recently associated with the presence of the stolbur phytoplasma, although the epidemiology of the disease remained unknown. Diseased fields in southern Banat were surveyed for potential vectors of the phytoplasma during 2005 and 2006, and high populations of Reptalus panzeri were found. In affected fields, 20% of the R. panzeri individuals and 85% of symptomatic maize plants carried the stolbur phytoplasma. When stolbur phytoplasma-infected R. panzeri were introduced into insect-free mesh cages containing healthy maize plants, midrib and leaf reddening developed on 48% of plants and stolbur phytoplasma was detected in 90% of the symptomatic plants. No symptoms or phytoplasma-positive plants were found in cages without insects. These data indicate that MR symptoms are associated with the stolbur phytoplasma. Reptalus panzeri is both abundant in affected fields and can transmit the stolbur phytoplasma, indicating the insect is likely to be a major vector of MR.     

‘Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense’ is the phytoplasma associated with Australian grapevine yellows, papaya dieback and Phormium yellow leaf diseases

Sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA genes and the 16S/23S spacer regions of the phytoplasmas associated with Australian grapevine yellows, papaya dieback and Phormium yellow leaf diseases revealed minimal nucleotide differences between them resulting in the formation of a monophyletic group. Therefore, along with Australian grapevine yellows, the phytoplasmas associated with Phormium yellow leaf and papaya dieback should also be considered as Candidatus Phytoplasma australiense.     

利用SSR结合表型性状构建寒地梨资源核心种质

 遵照核心种质构建的原则,采用SSR分子标记手段,对201份砂梨、白梨、秋子梨和西洋梨资源进行分子标记核心种质构建研究,最终确定核心种质36份。其中包括秋子梨26份,占秋子梨原种质的16.9%;白梨5份,占白梨原种质的50%;砂梨4份,占砂梨原种质的21.1%;西洋梨1份,占西洋梨原种质的11.1%。     

宁南旱地小杂粮产业开发技术研究

立足宁南旱地小杂粮生产现状,通过分析影响产业化发展的主要限制因子,提出了以持续增进降水生产潜力,提高降水利用率和农田水分效率为重点,大力推广优质高效抗旱新品种及配套栽培技术、优化集成抗旱节水农业技术、培肥土壤、建设高产稳产基本农田、加强产业化开发等关键技术。     

陕西省土地资源开发利用的战略思考

根据区域地貌特征,陕西省土地被分为5个开发利用区,即:风沙旱滩区,黄土丘陵沟壑区,黄土高原沟壑区,渭河平原区,秦巴山区,并对每区的开发利用战略进行了讨论。最后提出,人类必须遵循生态学原理,把现代农业技术和传统经验相结合,因地制宜,分区建立良好的区域经济生态系统。     

中国中温带农区种养结合型农业科技园区模式研究

根据区域特点和农业科技园区发展要求,研究概述了我国中温带地区种养结合型农业科技园区模式的生成、特征、类型及实施,为区域农业科技园区发展提供了依据和借鉴。     

青海冷地早熟禾在青藏高寒地区的生产性能

研究了青海冷地早熟禾(Poa crymophila cv. Qinghai)在青藏高寒地区的生产性能, 结果表明, 在高寒地区旱作条件下, 青海冷地早熟禾种植当年生长缓慢, 第2和第3年生长迅速, 整个生育期为106～110 d。从开花期到乳熟期生物量增长最快, 进入完熟期后生长缓慢。粗蛋白含量随生育期的推进呈下降趋势, 抽穗期含量最高;粗纤维含量随牧草生育期的推进呈逐渐增高的趋势;粗脂肪、无氮浸出物和粗灰分含量在整个生育期内无明显变化。