东海岛沙质海岸木麻黄无性系的生长比较

在东海岛沙质海岸防护林营造中,选用木麻黄8 个优良无性系和1 个本地实生苗进行造林对比试验。结果表明:造林后第3 年起8 个无性系的树高生长均快于实生苗,其中无性系“503”树高生长一直保持最快;随着时间的推移,无性系间树高生长差异有逐步缩小的趋势;到第5 年“503”树高生长与其他7 个无性系已无显著差异,只显著快于实生苗。4 年生前木麻黄各无性系间的胸径生长无显著差异,从第5 年起无性系“南三7”与实生苗的生长差异显著,此后,8 个无性系全部超过实生苗。     

黄海北部近岸鱼类的群落结构

1998年6月和9月通过对24个站位的底拖网调查,分析了黄海北部近岸水域鱼类的群落结构特征。结果表明：该水域鱼类的品质结构低质化,经济价值较低的中上层鱼类成为渔业资源的主要成分;区系组成以暖温性鱼类为主;鱼类群落结构较简单,其多样性和丰富度指数都很低,均匀度指数处中上水平。     

漳州滨海火山国家地质公园旅游开发的SWOT分析及其发展对策

漳州滨海火山地质公园是中国现有国家地质公园中规模最大、保存完好、景观最有特色的滨海火山国家地质公园。通过对其旅游开发进行SWOT分析,并借鉴国内旅游开发的成功案例,得出该国家地质公园的发展应抓住当前海西旅游发展的机遇,充分利用特有的滨海火山地质景观开发旅游产品,并通过促销宣传,以实现公园旅游的进一步发展。     

浙江沿海海洋水产动物的多氯联苯检测分析

对浙江沿海5个地区的贝类、虾类和鱼类等水产动物体内的多氯联苯进行GC-MS检测分析,研究多氯联苯各单体在不同生物体内的分布特征、影响因素和积累分布规律。结果表明：浙江沿海海域生物多氯联苯检出率为100%,ω(PCBs)为0.12～9.40μg/kg,低于国家标准限量。其中,贝类中ω(PCBs)为0.83 ~10.52 ng/g,平均值为4.20ng/g;虾类ω(PCBs)为0.43~2.18ng/g,平均值为1.27ng/g;鱼类中ω(PCBs)为0.50～2.63ng/g。平均值为1.61ng/g。总体看不同种类海洋生物PCBs含量贝类>鱼类>虾类。从地区分布来看三门地区海产品中PCBs含量最高,玉环、椒江次之,宁海最低。甲壳类样品的PCBs检出以六氯联苯(PCB138)为主,鱼类样品的PCBs检出以五氯联苯(PCB118)为主,表现出水生生物对高氯联苯富集量高于低氯联苯富集量的共同点。而在各类动物中PCBs检出量最高的样品,如缢蛏、僧帽牡蛎和菲律宾蛤仔,都表现出了对于四氯联苯（PCB52）的强富集能力。     

Mortalities caused by the crustacean isopod, Cirolana fluviatilis, in tropical, cage-cultured Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer: a case study from the southwest coast of India

Recurring mortalities inflicted by the cirolanid isopod Cirolana fluviatilis in the juveniles of the Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer , stocked in a cage farm in the Cochin backwaters, from November 2006 to May 2007, were investigated. Hatchery-reared fingerlings (size 8–12 cm) were cultured in floating cages and mortalities were observed after a rearing period of 1 month. The fish were found dead in the cages, with only the remnants of fish skeleton and all the flesh eaten away. Investigations revealed a very high abundance of isopods, identified as C. fluviatilis (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Isopoda and Ciroloanidae). During the first 2 months of stocking, 35% of the fingerlings died, and the cumulative mortality reached 45% in 6 months, considerably reducing the profits from the venture. Management measures for the control of the isopods are discussed. This is the first report on the isopod, C. fluviatilis , inflicting serious mortalities in a tropical cage-rearing system in the southwest coast of India.     

对青海湖北岸部分地区嵩草的调查研究

通过对青海湖北岸海拔3000－3500m部分地区不同类型嵩草属植物的调查分析表明：在沼泽草甸上西藏嵩草（Kobresia tibetica）、矮生嵩草（K.humilis）及其它莎草生长良好，但由于沼泽草甸潮湿，绵羊对这些牧草利用差，牛、马利用较好；山地干草原草场不适宜嵩草属植物生长，仅分散着少量大花嵩草（K.macrantha），经济价值不大；在大片的撂荒地中几乎完全没有嵩草属牧草；在山地草原化草甸草场上，以矮生嵩草、短轴嵩草（K.prattii）、线叶嵩草（K.capillifolia）及禾本科牧草为优势种，豆科牧草相应增加、杂类草相应减少，为最佳放牧场，各类牲畜均能很好地采食；在高寒草甸草场上，高山嵩草（K.pygmaea）为绝对的优势种，因植株矮小，牛、马利用差，绵、山羊则能很好地利用。盲目开垦、过度放牧和不合时令的放牧是造成草场退化的主要原因。     

Impacts of rainstorms on soil erosion and organic matter for different cover crop systems in the western coast agricultural region of Syria

More and more cultivated coastal territories of Syria are being affected by increasing land degradation processes, specifically, by soil erosion due to non‐sustainable soil management. The use of cover crops can be considered an ideal solution to reduce the negative impacts of extreme rainfall events on soil erosion. However, there is no enough information about the main cultivated areas of Syria due to the current conflicts and the very few types of research conducted there. Therefore, the main aim of this research was to assess soil erosion (soil loss and sediment concentration) and hydrological response (run‐off and infiltration) considering the impact of different types of cropping systems on soil organic matter. To achieve this goal, using erosion plots, five grouped natural rainfall events and soil samples were collected, and infiltration measurements were performed between November 2012 and April 2013 (rainy season) on three different cropping systems (wheat, vetch, bean and control) with different sloping gradients (8% and 20%) in Tartous governorate (W Syria). Our results showed a cumulative rainfall amount from 68.8 to 201 mm during the study period. The highest sediment yield was generated in the control and wheat plots, registering 0.468 and 0.368 kg m^?2, respectively, with an inclination of 8%. For an inclination of 20%, the control and wheat plots registered 1.145 and 0.967 kg m^?2, respectively. In comparison with the control plots, there was a decrease in the total eroded organic matter, which ranged from 0.0579 (control) to 0.0289 (bean) kg m^?2 year^?1 in the plots with 20% inclination, and from 0.0233 (control) to 0.0069 (bean) kg m^?2 year^?1 with 8% inclination. To sum up, bean and vetch play an effective role to mitigate soil erosion, delay run‐off and reduce sediment yield. The output of this research provides first insights into the impact of different land uses on soil loss. Also, it could help rural inhabitants and farmers to correctly manage their soils against soil erosion processes.     

江苏沿海农田改造生态影响评价方法研究——以江苏射阳为例

[目的]对江苏沿海农田改造的生态影响进行评价。[方法]以射阳沿海农田改造为例,通过资料收集、实地调查与监测、专家咨询、文献研究等方法,构建了沿海农田改造的生态影响评价指标体系,包含生物资源、土壤、植被、水环境4个子系统,共12个指标。[结果]江苏沿海农田改造对土壤、生物资源、植被、水环境都有一定的影响,准则层土壤、生物资源、植被、水环境指标的权重分别为0.614、0.219、0.118、0.049,土壤指标所占权重最大,说明农田改造对土壤环境影响较大。12个指标中,核心的指标依次为土地垦殖率(权重0.389)、种群密度(权重0.164)和土壤有机质含量(权重0.088)。因此,在以后此类工程的环境影响评价中,应突出上述主要特征因子的识别与评价、监测等内容。[结论]该研究为江苏沿海资源的可持续利用和环境管理决策的制定提供了科学依据。     

福建东南沿海菜屿列岛发现被环志的粉红燕鸥(英文)

在厦门观鸟会对出现于福建沿海及近海岛屿的水鸟做例行调查时,于2007年至2009年的3年间先后5次在福建南部漳浦县古雷镇附近的菜屿列岛上发现有被环志(包括旗标)的粉红燕鸥(Sterna dougallii)个体,目前已知对其施以脚旗标志系由澳大利亚澳–亚涉禽研究组(AWSG)所为,同时表明佩戴旗标的个体中至少有一只其年龄当在6龄或7龄以上;这一记录连同遗鸥环志个体10年以上的存活记录将对估算繁殖于东南沿海地区的黑尾鸥(Larus crassirostris)、大凤头燕鸥(Sterna bergii)、黑嘴端凤头燕鸥(S. bernsteini)等种类的生命周期和世代长度有所借鉴。     

水分胁迫和母树年龄对山东半岛黑松沿海防护林种子萌发的影响

以山东半岛黑松沿海防护林种子为实验材料,研究了水分胁迫和母树年龄对黑松种子萌发的影响.结果表明,随水分胁迫程度增加,种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数呈波浪形降低,而平均发芽时间增加,种子萌发受到显著抑制.随母树年龄增加,种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数呈波浪形增加,种子质量明显提高.对于发芽率,水分胁迫和母树年龄有着显著交互作用.母树年龄的增加使得发芽率在水分胁迫下降低变缓,提高了种子耐水分胁迫能力.因此,母树特性与生态因子的共同作用是黑松海防林天然更新的重要决定因素.