细胞培养的脑炎原虫感染家兔实验

用在体外连续培养１０代的兔脑炎原虫，接种于１２只家兔，动态地观察了脑炎原虫对家免的感染情况。实验发现，肾脏产生的病变明显早于大脑，即感染３周后，用Ｇｒａｍ＇ｓ和Ｇｏｏｄｐａｓｔｕｒｅ＇ｓ染色，即可在髓袢和远曲小管内脱落的上皮细胞中发现兔脑炎原虫。６周后即可见到间质性肾炎变化，而脑组织于感染９～１２周时才见有细胞性肉芽肿的形成；脑炎原虫具有较强的抗原性，即在感染３周后，血液中的抗体含量足以进行诊断。     

利用多菌种共培养降解橡椀单宁制备鞣花酸

以橡单宁为原料 ,通过培养、分离筛选出了 14种菌株。研究了单一菌株培养和混合菌株共培养对橡单宁生物降解的影响 ,证实了用降解速率快但耐单宁性较差的菌株与耐单宁性好但降解速率较慢菌株共培养 ,可以显著提高橡单宁的生物转化率和鞣花酸的产率 ,两者分别达到 6 8%和 2 3%。所建立的生物降解的方法可用于由橡单宁制备鞣花酸     

马立克氏病病毒感染雏鸡的SOD活性变化

１日龄肉用ＡＡ雏鸡被马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）强毒人工感染后，马立克氏病（ＭＤ）发病率６２％，死亡率３４％；脾脏、胸腺、法氏囊、心脏、肝脏、肾脏和性腺超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）活性与健康雏鸡相比，Ｔ－ＳＯＤ和Ｍｎ－ＳＯＤ活性均有显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），而Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ－ＳＯＤ活性无显著变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

Development of a leukocytopenic baby guinea pig model with azathioprine and cyclophosphamide

Immunosuppressive agents were given to baby guinea pigs to develop a leukocytopenic baby guinea pig model. Azathioprine in different doses, and cyclophosamide and methylprednisolone combinations did not result in predictable leukocytopenia without significant mortality. A combination of azathioprine 20mg and cyclophosphamide 20mg administered once daily for 5 days to 42 baby guinea pigs resulted in a mean white blood cell count of 2531/mm³ ±1198 (a reduction of 3931 ± 1413 from pretreatment values). The mean counts for polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes on day 6 were 398/mm³ and 2035/mm³, respectively. Only 7% mortality was seen in these animals. This model can be utilized to study a variety of bacterial and viral infections in “immunocompromised hosts”.     

Experimental infection and cross protection tests in calves with cytopathic strains of bovine rotavirus

Four cytopathic strains (81/32F, 81/36F, 81/40F, 82/80F) of bovine rotavirus were shown to be pathogenic for conventionally reared newborn calves. Calves were infected orally, using 3 calves for each isolate. All became febrile, were depressed and diarrhoeic. Two calves, one of which in the group of those infected with 81/36F isolate, and the other infected with strain 81/40F, were killed when moribund. A 3rd calf from the 81/36F infected group, died. At necropsy localized lesions of the small intestines, which are considered to be typical of rotavirus infection, were found. Virus was consistently isolated from the fecal samples of the inoculated calves up to 13 days post-inoculation. It was speculated that some differences existed in the virulence of the bovine rotaviruses tested. The cross protection tests revealed that 1 strain (81/36F) might be antigenically more complex than the others.     

AN INFECTED HIP PROSTHESIS IN A DOG DIAGNOSED WITH A 99mTC-CIPROFLOXACIN (INFECTON) SCAN

This case report describes the use of the 99mTc-labeled radiopharmaceutical ciprofloxacin (Infecton) in a case of hip prosthesis loosening in a dog. Serial planar radiographs were not conclusive, and culture of the synovial fluid was negative. Antibiotic treatment did not result in improvement of the lameness. Scintigraphy was performed with 99-Tc-Infecton, a tracer claimed to be specific for infection. Antibiotic treatment was interrupted 6 weeks prior to the examination. Planar and tomographic images at 3 h and at 24 h postinjection showed increased activity along the acetabulum and the proximal femoral bone surrounding the femoral prosthesis, indicating focal infection. Bacteriology performed after removal of the implant revealed Pseudomonas aeruginosa.     

Serological Observations on Chlamydia Psittaci Infection in Finnish Dairy Herds

Chlamydial complement fixing antibodies were followed in 5 small Finnish dairy herds. All 53 animals in the herds were bled. In herds A, B, C and D the blood samples were collected in May and in the following autumn after the pasturing period and in herd E over a period of 2 years at about 1 ½-month intervals. The frequencies of positive reactions among the adults and the calves younger than 1 year did not differ significantly from each other, but there were considerable seasonal variations in the frequencies. The highest frequency was found during springtime and early summer and the lowest in autumn.     

Excretion of Eimeria Oocysts in Calves During their First Three Weeks After Turn-out to Pasture

The numbers of Eimeria oocysts per gram (opg) and the dry matter content of 449 faecal samples taken from 54 calves in 8 herds in south west Sweden were determined during the last 2 weeks before and the first 3 weeks after the animals were turned out to pasture. While they were housed only between 0 and 580 opg were found and in 2 of the herds the numbers of oocysts remained low after turn-out. In the other 6 herds the numbers of oocysts increased after 8 to 10 days and reached a peak of between 1080 and 80 803 opg 9 to 18 days after turnout. By 21 to 24 days after turn-out the opg-values had declined to their initial levels. Eimeria alabamensis accounted for most of the increase, but small numbers of oocysts of E. auburnensis, E. bovis, E. bukidnonensis, E. cylindrica, E. ellipsoidalis, E. pellita, E. subspherica, E. wyomingensis and E. zuernii were also observed. The interval between turn-out and the start of the increase in excretion of oocysts corresponded closely to the prepatent period of E. alabamensis and overwintered oocysts were therefore the most likely source of the infection. In 6 of the herds the dry matter content of the faeces of the calves decreased after turn-out and 56 % of the calves had clinical diarrhoea. Although it cannot be excluded that change of diet may have contributed to these symptoms, E. alabamensis infection is suggested as a potential cause of diarrhoea and loss of condition in calves in Sweden during their first weeks on pasture.     

茄子黄萎菌生物学特性及初侵来源的初步研究

对采自呼和浩特市和包头市郊区黄萎病的5个菌株,通过茄茎柱、杏干培养基和30℃下生长的观察,确定呼、包郊区茄黄萎病菌均属大丽菊轮枝菌(Verticillium dahliae Kleb)。对其生物学特性研究证明:菌丝生长最低温度为5℃,适温范围为22.5～25.0℃,以22.5℃生长最适,最高生长温度为33℃。孢子萌发适温为25.0℃。菌丝在 pH4～9范围内均可生长,以 pH6生长最适。菌丝碳源营养中甘露醇、葡萄糖和可溶性淀粉生长最适。初侵来源试验表明:土壤、病残体中的微菌核、厚垣孢子和休眠菌丝体是呼、包两市茄黄萎病的初侵来源。种子不是初侵染来源。     

表达绿色荧光蛋白的重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染动力学

用表达绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein，GFP)的重组减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌X4550(pYAGFP)给BALB／c小鼠尾静脉注射和口服，时小鼠脏器进行细菌计数，并用间接ELISA法测定血清中抗细菌的抗体。结果表明，静脉注射重组菌的小鼠在肝脏、脾脏中重组菌数量有2个峰值，总的趋势是越来越少，而血清中抗体效价越来越高，可以初步推断，肝脏、脾脏中的细菌数量与血清中的抗体水平呈一定的相关性；口服重组菌的小鼠，在各脏器中重组菌的数量呈现正态分布的变化趋势，其中派伊尔结(Peyer’s patches，PPs)中细菌数量与血清中的抗体水平呈一定的相关性，而脾脏、肝脏及肠系膜淋巴结中细菌数量与血清中的抗体滴度无关。