伊维菌素纳米乳透皮制剂的研究

本试验研制伊维菌素纳米乳透皮制剂,并对其理化性能、稳定性、体外药物释放及透皮性能进行评价。采用三元相图筛选不同载药量的纳米乳,确定最佳载药量;采用响应面优化设计筛选纳米乳处方,考察了伊维菌素纳米乳的平均粒径、电位、形态、pH、黏度等性能;分别采用透析袋法和Franz扩散池法比较伊维菌素纳米乳透皮制剂与市售伊维菌素皮肤涂剂的体外释放行为和透皮性能。结果显示,载药量为2.00%时,纳米乳区域最大、最稳定;获得的优选处方为聚氧乙烯蓖麻油 :二乙二醇单乙基醚 :油酸乙酯 :伊维菌素 :水=26 :12 :7: 2: 53;所得伊维菌素纳米乳的平均粒径为18 nm;伊维菌素纳米乳在室温条件和4 ℃冰箱中保存1年仍稳定;其24 h皮肤累积渗透量和滞留量分别是市售伊维菌素皮肤涂剂的3.24和2.05倍。研究结果表明,研制的新型伊维菌素纳米乳透皮制剂具有制备工艺简便、稳定性好、透皮性能好等优点,具有很好的应用前景。     

Demographics of cattle positive for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by faecal culture,from submissions to the Cork Regional Veterinary Laboratory

The demography of bovine infections caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in Ireland is poorly defined. The objective of this study was to describe the demographics of cattle positive to MAP on faecal culture, based on submissions to the Cork Regional Veterinary Laboratory (Cork RVL) from 1994 to 2006. The study focused on all available faecal samples from adult cattle with non-responsive chronic diarrhoea that were submitted by private veterinary practitioners to Cork RVL for MAP culture. For each MAP-positive by faecal culture animal, data were collated from Cork RVL and Cattle Movement Monitoring Scheme (CMMS) records. Johne's disease (JD) was confirmed in 110 animals from 86 herds by the Cork RVL between 1994 and 2006, with a rate of positive cases between 15% and 18% over last four years of the study. Two breeds (Holstein/Friesian or Limousin) made up 78% of submissions. Movements were assessed for the 57 study animals with available movement information, 90% died within one year of the test and 26% tested positive in the herd they were born into. The study provides preliminary information about movement trends and demographics of animals with MAP positive submissions. Although the study area is restricted, it includes the most intensive (and economically-important) dairy region in Ireland. The demographics of JD infection from the study area are in agreement with international reports. Further work is required to determine demographic trends, incidence and prevalence of JD throughout Ireland. It is hoped this work may contribute to the development of a surveillance strategy for MAP by regional veterinary laboratories.     

“近自然”城市公园改造分析——以新乡市卫河公园改造为例

阐述了"近自然"城市公园的概念与内涵、理论依据及设计原则,并以新乡市卫河公园的改造设计为例,详细介绍了"近自然"城市公园理念在城市公园改造中的实际应用。     

Transient stability simulation methods incorporating PMU measurements

Incorporating the PMU measurements information in transient stability simulation can increase computing speed and enhance accuracy in the time domain simulation. Based on the conventional alternating iteration technique, this paper presents two simulation methods combined with the PMU measurements information, in which the number of differential algebraic equations is reduced and so is the computational scale. The proposed methods have been tested and compared with the conventional method using the New England 10 machine 39 bus system and IEEE 50 machine 145 bus system. The cases with errors of the dynamic model parameter and PMU have been also simulated and discussed. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods.     

O/W型药用微乳的制备及评价

 【目的】研究O/W型药用微乳形成的基本规律及评价方法,为药用微乳的研究和应用提供一定的实验依据。【方法】通过滴定法绘制拟三元相图,考察不同表面活性剂和助表面活性剂对O/W型微乳形成的影响。【结果】在相同油相的情况下,不同表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的不同结构和性质、表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的质量比(Km)、温度的变化对微乳的形成均有影响。【结论】恰当的油相和适配的表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的合理搭配,可以使微乳体系中表面活性剂的用量降低至7.5％,而且一般微乳形成的区域大小与表面活性剂和助表面活性剂的总量成正比,与油的用量成反比。用三元相图作为选择最佳微乳组方需要结合微乳的稳定性考察来确定微乳的最佳形成条件。     

大垄密植机械化在花生栽培中的应用

花生是我国重要的经济作物与油料作物,我们应当大力推广大垄密植机械化栽培技术,提高农民的收入。花生大垄密植机械化栽培技术可以将花生的产量提高到一个新的水平,对花生种植实现高产高效是增加了有力的技术支持。     

玉米密植高产高效栽培技术模式及效益分析

通过对玉米密植栽培技术、机械深松少耕技术、机械深施肥技术和秸秆还田技术等进行综合组装集成,在黑龙江省双城市3个试验点,推广示范玉米密植高产高效栽培技术模式,2010年核心示范面积6hm2,示范面积60hm2,辐射带动6 000hm2,产量较农户模式增产2 926kg·hm-2,差异达极显著水平,共节本增效0.27亿元。     

基于“三生空间”协调的农村居民点布局优化研究

开展农村居民点布局优化研究,对集约利用土地资源、重塑村落景观格局具有重要的现实意义。选取典型丘陵区重庆市荣昌区河包镇为研究区,以农村居民点“共生斑块”为研究单元,基于“三生空间”协调理念,研究了农村居民点布局优化的策略和方向。结果表明:（1）基于共生关系建立农村居民点“共生斑块”更加符合丘陵区的实际情况。将研究区相距50 m以内的农村居民点斑块进行合并处理后,其数量由2 584个减少到1 047个,实现了具有共生关系的农村居民点斑块一体化。（2）依据“三生空间”协调理念,对农村居民点“共生斑块”等级进行评价,其在空间上呈现出由内向外的差序格局,根据斑块等级、斑块规模、三生空间协调度、城镇规划,采取“城镇化、重点建设、规模管控、迁移合并”的差异化布局优化策略。（3）将重点建设型居民点中的优势斑块作为发生元,生成加权Voronoi图,可指导全镇农村居民点空间格局趋于合理化。研究认为,“三生空间”协调理念与空间分析工具的有机结合,既完成了农村居民点布局优化,又维持了其空间结构的稳定,有助于实现乡村转型与乡土文化传承。     

农药装盒机说明书的输送机构虚拟装配设计与研究

通过对农药装盒机说明书输送机构组成零件的分析,运用Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire3.0系统进行三维建模、虚拟装配,在装配过程中对之前所设计零件出现不合理的地方进行修改,使其满足所要设计的功能要求。最后生成爆炸图,使其能清楚地看到该装置的内部结构,为实际装配操作做好准备,大大地提高了农药装盒机设计和制造的效率。     

窄行密植对半矮秆大豆产量及性状的影响

在窄行密植栽培模式下选用半矮秆大豆品种合农60,并以大垄栽培为对照,研究窄行密植技术对大豆产量及品质、农艺性状的影响,结果表明：窄行密植栽培模式下大豆的产量显著地高于大垄栽培的产量,并且除了百粒重、蛋白质和脂肪含量,其他各性状都以窄行密植的大豆表现最好;不同时期窄行密植和大垄栽培大豆的SPAD值、单株叶面积和叶干重变化趋势基本一致。