紫花苜蓿胚性愈伤组织诱导与增殖的研究

为在不同栽培苜蓿(Medicago sativa)品种上,建立稳定、快速且高效的组织培养体系,本试验以品种'游客’、'Paola’和'Sardi7’为研究材料,探究了苜蓿外植体、激素配比及金属离子(Cu²⁺、Ag⁺),对其胚性愈伤组织的诱导效果。结果表明：下胚轴为诱导愈伤组织的最佳外植体;MS+1 mg·L^-12,4-D+0.2 mg·L^-1 KT为培养基时'游客’和'Paola’胚性愈伤诱导率分别为24.7%,16.7%;MS+2 mg·L^-12,4-D+0.2 mg·L^-1 KT为培养基时'Sardi7’胚性愈伤诱导效果最佳为27.3%;1 μmol·L^-1 和5 μmol·L^-1 Cu²⁺均能显著促进'Sardi7’'游客’和'Paola’愈伤组织的诱导;5 μmol·L^-1 Ag⁺显著诱导'游客’和'Paola’形成胚性愈伤组织,诱导率分别提高25.3%,46.7%(P<0.05)。本研究探索了诱导苜蓿愈伤组织的最佳外植体及其培养条件、金属离子促进不同苜蓿品种再生的作用,为突破同源四倍体栽培苜蓿品种基因型上的限制、提高胚性愈伤组织出愈率提供了思路。     

Emerging Markets for Ecosystem Services

Abstract

Four main areas of learning were pursued during this exploration of die emerging markets for ecosystem services. First, die markets in Panama are dominated by the Panama Canal Authority and by timber revenues. Any strategy for expanding ecosystem services markets will have to reflect diese realities. Second, while the scientific and business components of die framework we used to analyze diese markets covered all the key points, more work needs to be done on die policy component. Articulating a simple, yet effective approach for developing policy recommendations to improve ecosystem services markets in context remains a key need. Third, valuable lessons were learned about ensuring tiiat the students capture die maximum benefits from an international, clinically-based field trip. Finally, interdisciplinary teaching/ research benefits dramatically from botii a focus on a single problem and recognition that the key challenge is turning complex scientific knowledge into accessible, good advice.     

兰州市安宁区桃畸果病病原鉴定和受害桃芽及果实显微组织观察

试验对兰州市安宁区桃畸果病害的发病原因和受害桃芽及果实组织结构变化进行了研究.结果表明:危害兰州市安宁区桃畸果病的病原为下心瘿螨(Eriophyes catacardiae Keifer);瘿螨对桃芽和果实均产生了很大影响,2010年桃芽受害率为52.9%,2011年为61.9%,严重时高达76%.受害桃芽干瘪瘦小,芽鳞片层数增加1~2层,严重的出现芽体坏死现象;对桃芽显微组织观察发现受害桃芽叶原基受损,严重的无叶原基,失去萌芽能力,在芽体鳞片内侧、苞片及幼叶间可见大量的寄生虫体取食为害;对果实形态及组织观察发现,受害果实表面出现不同程度深绿色凹陷,畸形部位桃毛密度和桃毛长度均高于正常果实;显微切片观察表明,受害果实细胞易于染色,细胞排列紧密,畸形果实细胞小于正常果实,畸形果实细胞直径为58μm,正常果实为102μm.     

视网膜母细胞瘤109例分析

目的：分析视网膜母细胞瘤的发病特点和诊治规律。方法；收集本院近２３ａ来的１０９例ＲＢ病毒，对其临床特点，病理表现，治疗，预后及家系调查作一回顾性分析。结果：７７．１％的病例就诊年龄小于５岁。２２例为双眼发病，９例具有肿瘤家族史。１０９例中以晚期虱阳多见，病理检查大多可见有视神经和巩膜浸润。     

油食两用型芝麻新品种冀黑芝1号生长发育规律研究

以油食两用型芝麻新品种冀黑芝1号为试验材料，通过定株观测，分析其生长发育规律。结果表明：冀黑芝1号出苗后28～72d茎生长速度较快，其中，出苗后34～43d（即初花至盛花）茎日增长量最大（4．09cm），是整个生育期生长最快的阶段。从出苗至第1对真叶出现需要8d，之后叶片出现所需天数呈递减趋势，第10对真叶后1d分生1对真叶。叶面积系数变化趋势与茎生长规律一致，前期叶面积系数较小，盛花期达到最大（6．12），盛花期后又逐渐减小，成熟期叶面积系数维持在2．05，保留15对功能叶。始花后9d进入盛花期，日开花5．4—12．6朵／株，盛花期持续30d左右，该期开花量占总花量的84．8％，盛花后开花量迅速减少，日开花量维持在0．2～2．2朵／株。下部节位蕾从现蕾至开花需要6d，上部节位蕾需要3～4d。     

采用Extracellular Flux Analyzer方法测定植物线粒体能量代谢

线粒体是植物进行呼吸和能量代谢的主要场所,但目前关于线粒体能量代谢的测定方法较为繁琐,亟需一种快速有效测定线粒体能量代谢的手段。本研究采用Extracellular Flux Analyzer(Seahorse Bioscience,America)方法对玉兰(Magnolia denudata)花部器官线粒体代谢情况进行测定,并对测试技术进行改进。通过直接测定氧气消耗速率,进而检测组织细胞内的线粒体呼吸速率和能量代谢。采用该方法对同一组织样品进行多次测量,测量结果稳定,表明该方法是一种可靠的测定线粒体呼吸和能量代谢的方法。并且,通过加入不同的呼吸抑制剂来鉴定细胞的呼吸途径,可快速获取有效数据。此外,还可直接对组织内线粒体的呼吸代谢进行测定,简便性、实时性均优于其他线粒体代谢测定方法,是一种快速有效,且可以进行实时动态观测的试验方法。     

Pharmacological and therapeutic targets for Δ9 tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol

Summary Cannabis is the unique source of a set of at least 66 compounds known collectively as cannabinoids. Of these, most is known about the pharmacology of ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (⁹-THC), the main psychoactive constituent of cannabis, and about cannabidiol (CBD), which lacks psychoactivity. Accordingly, this paper focuses on the pharmacological and therapeutic targets of these two cannabinoids. Many of the effects of ⁹-THC are mediated by cannabinoid receptors of which at least two types, CB₁ and CB₂, are present in mammalian tissues. Endogenous agonists for cannabinoid receptors have also been discovered. CB₁ receptors are present at the terminals of central and peripheral neurones, where they modulate transmitter release. They also exist in some non-neuronal cells. CB₂ receptors are expressed mainly by immune cells, one of their roles being to alter cytokine release. ⁹-THC also appears to have non-CB₁, non-CB₂ pharmacological targets. It is already licensed for clinical use in the U.S.A. as an anti-emetic and appetite stimulant and both ⁹-THC and ⁹-THC-rich cannabis extracts show therapeutic potential as neuroprotective and anticancer agents and for the management of glaucoma, pain and various kinds of motor dysfunction associated, for example, with multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury. CBD has much less affinity for CB₁ and CB₂ receptors than ⁹-THC and its pharmacological actions have been less well characterized. Potential clinical applications of CBD and CBD-rich cannabis extracts include the production of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects, the management of epilepsy, anxiety disorders, glaucoma and nausea, and the modulation of some effects of ⁹-THC.     

典型生态系统定位观测样地的土壤性状空间变异性评价

用经典统计分析和地统计学的方法，对中国生态系统研究网络（CERN）临泽站新设置的农田生态系统综合观测场土壤性状的空间分布特性进行研究。结果表明，除pH外，土壤有机碳、全N、速效养分和电导率的变异性均超过20％，有机碳和全N的空间相关距离为13．8m和12．6m，表现出较高的空间异质性。克里格插值结果同样显示土壤各性状在研究的尺度上有明显的空间变异格局。相对误差为10％时采集124个土样才可达到95％的置信水平。作为生态网络长期监测样地，必须按空间异质性对观测场地进行采样分区、匀地过渡，结合克里格插值得出的土壤性状空间分布图，确定更为理想的取样方案。     

国外草坪草坪用性状及适应性观察与评价

通过对引进的59个国外草坪草品种的观察,从密度、盖度、颜色、质地、一致性、绿期等坪用性状及适应性进行了综合评价分析,认为在集约管理条件下,冷季型草坪草中翦股颖类的普特(Putter)、早熟禾类的午夜(Midnight)、哥来德(Glade)、新哥来德(NuGlade)、自由Ⅱ(FreedomⅡ)、金牌美达利(Medalist Gold)等品种在陕西关中地区可广泛推广应用;在粗放管理条件下,适宜选用高羊茅类草坪品种。