水稻发育温度效应的非线性模型及其应用

水稻完成某一生育期所需的有效积温常因环境而异，表明广泛应用的线性积温法需要修正。分析表明，日最低温度比日最高温度效应更显著，说明发育速率与温度间呈非线性关系。于是，本文提出了一个具有较好预测性的非线性温度效应模型。它较其他非线模型的优点在于其参数的生物学意义清晰。对积温的不稳定性，它解释为：有效积温     

甘肃金塔县种植业结构对气候变暖的响应

为了研究地处西北极端干旱区脆弱气候带的甘肃金塔种植业结构对气候变暖的响应,利用金塔气象站1971—2012 年地面气象观测资料,采用温度距平时间序列及线性趋势拟合等方法,对年平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温和≥10℃积温变化趋势进行分析。结果表明,近42 年来金塔县年平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温均呈波动上升趋势,≥10℃积温呈明显的增加趋势;金塔县种植业结构对气候变暖的响应明显：20 世纪70 年代中期—90 年代中期,当地主栽农作物以粮食作物为主,1998年粮食、棉花等经济作物种植结构发生了根本性变化,进入21 世纪以来,农作物种植面积的布局顺序改变为棉花等经济作物、粮食。由此可得：气候变暖对金塔种植业结构改变有重大影响。     

A Preliminary Study on Dynamics and Models of N, P, K Absorption for High-Yield Cotton

The field experiments were carried out to investigate the dynamics and models of N, P and K ab-sorption for the cotton plants with a lint of 3 000 kg ha-1 in Xinjiang. The main results were as follows: Thecontents of N, P2O5, K2O in cotton leaves, stems, squares and bolls decreased obviously with the time over thewhole growth duration and the falling extent was greater in high-yield cotton than in CK. Contents of N inleaves, squares and bolls, in particular in the leaves of fruit-bearing shoot was higher in high-yield cotton thanin CK. Contents of P2O5 in squares and bolls and that of K2O in stems were higher in high-yield cotton than inCK during the whole growing period. The accumulations of N, P2O5 and K2O in the cotton plants could be de-scribed with a logistic curve equation. There was the fastest nutrient uptake at about 90 d for N, 92 d for P2O5and 85 d for K2O after emergence, respectively. Total nutrient accumulation of N, P2 O5 and K2O was 385.8,244.7 and 340.3 kg ha-1 , respectively. Approximately 12.5 kg N, 8.0 kg P2O5 and 11.1 kg K2O were neededfor producing 100 kg lint with the leaves and stems under the super high yield condition of 3 000 kg ha-1 inXinjiang.     

关于偏微分方程人口模型中死亡率的确定

本文利用不动点方法讨论了一类描述人口变化规律的一阶双曲型方程确定死亡率d (x ,t)的一个反问题 ,在已知函数的一些假设条件下 ,给出该问题解的存在唯一性定理     

Ⅳ索12型林业索道在采石场的应用

将Ⅳ索１２型索道应用于狭长工作面的采石场的石材搬运和装车作业。该索道系统中闽林７２１绞盘机的摩擦卷筒、跑车及游动滑车都进行了改装设计使其达到４倍增力起重、双向牵引，最大起重量可达９ｔ。实践表明在特殊困难地形将林业索道用于采石场作业有明显效益。     

西双版纳香荚兰栽培气候影响因素及适种区区划

根据香荚兰生长发育特性及其对气象条件的要求,和西双版纳的气候资料,综合分析和评价西双版纳香荚兰栽培的有利气象因素和不利气象条件,用模糊数学的理论和方法对西双版纳海拔800m以下各乡镇进行香荚兰宜植度的区划。     

地轴极移变化与全球气候变迁规律对森林的影响

根据地轴极移变动理论,通过对地轴极移规律的了解,描绘出全球气候变化对森林变化的发生发展规律,从而预测今后森林变化,提出对应森林变化的对策。     

Atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment reduces carbohydrate and nitrogen reserves in overwintering Picea mariana

Abstract

Elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) can directly affect the cold hardening process in evergreens through their effect on the accumulation of carbon and nitrogen reserves. This study investigated the biochemical responses of black spruce [Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.] seedlings to CO₂ enrichment during growth, cold hardening and dehardening. Seedlings were grown under 350 (ambient) or 710 (elevated) ppm of CO₂ for 12 months in eight mini-greenhouses. Photoperiod and temperature were gradually lowered in autumn to induce cold hardening, and the conditions were reversed in spring to promote dehardening. At regular intervals, cold tolerance was assessed and sugars, starch and amino acid concentrations were measured. The freezing tolerance differed between the two treatments only in early autumn, with seedlings growing under high CO₂ being more tolerant. The northern ecotype was more cold tolerant with concomitant higher concentrations of sucrose, fructose, pinitol, glucose and total soluble sugars. The concentration of soluble sugars increased in needles and roots of black spruce along with cold hardening, and the concentrations of the cryoprotective sugars sucrose and raffinose were lower under elevated CO₂. Amino acid concentrations were also lower under elevated than under ambient CO_2. The lower level of reserve did not translate into a lower level of freezing tolerance.     

森林在应对气候变化中的作用探讨

指出了二氧化碳等温室气体的排放是造成全球气候变暖的主要原因,而森林在固碳方面具有经济、有效、持久和生态协调性强的特点,在应对气候变化中具有独特的优势。从生态功能、大力发展森林、科学经营等方面探讨了发展森林资源的对策与建议。     

发展低碳经济 建设低碳林业

在应对经济与环境的双重危机过程中,发展低碳经济成为推进人类可持续发展的重要共识。林业是发展低碳经济的重要力量,建设低碳林业是我国实现科学发展、建设生态文明、应对气候变化以及解决"三农"问题的重要途径。文中综述了低碳经济发展的理论基础与发展路径,分析了国内外低碳经济的发展现状与趋势,阐述了我国林业所面临的重要低碳发展机遇,指出中国林业应对气候变化的主要建设行动。