砂姜黑土的粘粒矿物组成和蒙皂石来源的探讨

对不同地区的几个砂姜黑土剖面的粘粒矿物进行了 X 射线衍射分析,结果表明均以蒙皂石为主,其次为伊利石,高岭石和蛭石含量较少,仅山东高密的砂姜黑土削面含少量绿泥石。这与毗邻土壤类型迥然不同。对黑土层石英砂的 SEM 观察表明,砂姜黑土的母质均为洪(冲)积-湖沼沉积型。笔者认为,砂姜黑土中高含量的蒙皂石主要系流水悬浮而来,在湖泊静水环境中沉淀富集而成,其来源范围比粗骨颗粒部分更广泛。     

博乐地区土壤有机质及不同粒径颗粒对土壤负电荷贡献的研究

采集该地区主要土类剖面21个,分层土样80个,进行理化分析,数据经通径分析的结果表明,有机质和不同粒径颗粒对土壤负电荷贡献的相对重要性依次为有机质>粘粒>粉粒。因土壤负电荷量与有机质和粘粒含量呈显著的相关性,故在土壤表层有机质对土壤负电荷的贡献常居于首位,而在剖面的中下部则粘粒对负电荷的贡献大于有机质。该地区土壤粘粒和有机质平均每100克所具有的负电荷量分别是15.7和273毫克当量。     

幕阜山土壤粘粒复合体的固相组成与磷的吸附及解吸

研究了幕阜山垂直带五个土壤剖面21个土样的粘土矿物组成与磷的吸附及解吸的关系。结果表明:①铁、铝氧化物是供试土壤粘粒吸附磷的主要载体,层状硅酸盐矿物的作用相对较小。②非晶形铁铝氧化物在磷吸附中的作用比晶形铁铝氧化物的大。③供试土壤随海拔升高,粘粒复合体中非晶形铁铝氧化物的含量增高,这导致了土壤对磷的吸附量增大,吸持力增强,磷的解吸量和解吸率减小,有效性降低。     

交换性阳离子和胡敏酸对粘土絮凝——分散的作用

选用Ｎａ、Ｃａ＾＋和胡敏酸（ＨＡ）研究不同价态的交换性阳离子、土壤有机质对纯矿物和土壤粘粒絮凝分散的作用。结果：粘粒悬浮液中Ｎａ或Ｃａ浓度较低时，土壤有机质均能提高纯矿物和土壤粘粒的分散程度，表现为粘粒悬浮液的临界絮凝浓度（ＣＦＣ）随ＨＡ添加量的增加而提高。当Ｎａ或Ｃａ浓度较高时，有机质推动对粘粒的分散作用。用Ｈ２Ｏ２去除土壤有机质后，土壤粘粒分散程度明显下降，ＣＦＣ减小，有机质含量较高的黄棕壤Ｃ     

有机质与粘粒复合对土壤阳离子交换量的贡献

对棕壤、黄棕壤、黄褐土和(土娄)土344个样品阳离子交换量(CEC)与有机质、粘粒用方程y(CEC)=b_0+b_1χ_1(粘粒％)+b_2χ_3(有机质％)+b_3χ_1χ_2进行回归分析表明,在粘粒与有机质数量比为3～16(平均为8左右接近有机质与粘粒CEC之比)时,有机粘粒复合显著影响土壤CEC,且复合消耗有机质与粘粒总交换点的数量分别为41.8％,26.7％,31.9％和19.8％。     

用电超滤法研究浙江省一些土壤的供钾状况

用电超滤(EUF)法研究了浙江省12个由不同粘粒矿物组成的代表性土样的供钾状况,结果表明:土壤的供钾强度(EUF—K_10)受粘粒矿物组成的影响甚小。土壤中高岭石的含量与其供钾数量(EUF—K10-30)和钾缓冲容量(EUF—K_(30-35))呈负相关,r值分别为-0.691~*和-0.760~(**)。土壤中伊利石的含量与其供钾数量和缓冲容量呈显著正相关,r值分别为0.821~(**)和0.863~(**)。高岭石含量高的土壤,钾的解吸率随时间延长而迅速下降。伊利石含量高的土壤,则钾的解吸率下降慢,并且固钾能力强。EUF—K与NH_4OAc法提取的钾和牧草吸收的钾之间都有显著的相关性,r值分别为0.912~(***)和0.884~(**)。EUF法经一轮提取又能同时提供土壤的供钾强度及数量、钾缓冲容量和固钾能力以及钾解吸率等信息,说明EUF法是研究和评价不同粘粒矿物组成的土壤之供钾状况的较好方法。     

Field Scale Mapping of Surface Soil Clay Concentration

The surface soil clay concentration is a useful soil property to map soils, interpret soil properties, and guide irrigation, fertilizer, and agricultural chemical applications. The objective of this study was to determine whether surface soil clay concentrations could be predicted from remotely sensed imagery of bare surface soil or from soil electrical conductivity for a 115 ha field located in Crisp County, Georgia. The soil clay concentrations were determined for soil samples taken at 28 field locations. Three different data sources–an aerial color photograph image, two infrared bands from an ATLAS data set, and the electrical conductivity of the surface soil layer were used in the research. Principal components analysis was applied to the color photograph image, whereas the ratio of two infrared bands was applied to the ATLAS data set. Filtering was applied to both resulting images. The distribution of soil electrical conductivity was derived from the measured soil electrical conductivity data by spatial analysis. Statistical relationships between soil clay concentrations and the principal component 3, the ratio of two ATLAS infrared bands, and the soil electrical conductivity were analyzed, and three linear equations were derived with r ² values 0.83, 0.52, and 0.78, respectively. The distribution of the soil clay concentrations was derived based on these three equations. Six levels of soil clay concentrations were classified in these three methods, and the advantages and disadvantages were discussed. The predicted and measured soil clay concentrations, based on additional soil samples from 30 field locations, were compared using linear regression (r ²=0.76, 0.45, and 0.77 for the three methods). The overall accuracy for these methods were 84%, 66%, and 76%, respectively. The principal components method had the highest accuracy in our research, while the result for the depressional areas is the best from the ratio method.     

湘南红壤区三种土壤水热状况的研究

 对同一地形和同一气候条件下湘南三种典型红壤的水热状况及它们的持水和渗透性质进行了研究。这三种土壤是：花岗岩母质发育的红壤、第四纪红土发育的红壤和紫色土。试验结果表明：第四纪红土发育的红壤持水性好，团聚度高，整个土体水分含量高，然而水分有效性低，渗透性好；花岗岩母质红壤则相反；紫色土则由于含有较多的块状物，因此渗透性也比较好。三种土壤的热量状况有很大的区别，紫色土在整个测定期间始终保持着较高的温度，而且温度的变幅大，花岗岩母质红壤的土体温度是三种土壤中最低的。植被影响土壤的水热状况，而水热状况又反过来影响作物的生长。     

非饱和重塑黏土在不同击实条件下的土水特征曲线试验研究

采用压力板仪对非饱和重塑黏土在2种不同击实条件下的土水特征曲线进行了研究。即对该重塑土样开展标准击实试验,在击实曲线上取同一干密度对应的不同击实含水率的试样和击实曲线上最优含水率处的试样,并通过增加击实次数,得到另外2种击实干密度的试样,对上述试样进行土水特征曲线测试,并采用常用的土水特征曲线模型Van Genuchten模型、Fredlund 3参数模型、Fredlund 4参数模型对实测试样的土水特征曲线进行了拟合,其拟合结果较好。研究发现,击实干密度越大,空气进入值越高,试样持水能力越强。击实含水率越大,试样可塑性越好,持水能力越强,空气进入值也越大。     

应用电超滤(EUF)对土壤供钾能力及其颗粒分级进行研究

The results from comparative study of the EUF-K values of four different soils and of their various particle fractions (< 2μm, 2-10μm and 10-50μm) showed that the EUF-K values were related to the composition of clay minerals and the soil particle size. The EUF-K values (0-35 min) were closely related to the amount of rapidly available K and part of non-exchangeable K of soils. Biological experiments proved that EUF technique was an effective method for evaluating soil K-supplying power.