Prospects for improving potato crop protection against aphid vectors

Conventional ways to control aphid vectors on potato crops rely essentially on cultural and chemical methods. The extensive use of insecticides, too often applied regardless of real needs and consequences, has resulted in more and more failures in both controlling aphids and virus spread. This paper stresses the need to introduce more rationale in the operation of existing methods by improving the efficiency of some of them like forecasting systems, to assess the potential of others like fertilization and semiochemicals and to put most efforts on resistant cultivars so that integrated pest management can be operated in the near future.     

New genes for disease resistances through somatic hybridization

Somatic hybridization, a process of combining protoplasts from different plants, can provide new sources of disease resistances for plants. In the case of wild and cultivatedSolanum species, the hybrids express resistances from each partner in the fusion and can often be crossed with cultivars to improve agronomic characteristics of the tubers. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses can provide a means for determining that the plants being investigated are actually hybrids as well as a means for following the introgression of DNA into progeny lines. These points are addressed in this paper with specific reference to somatic hybrids betweenSolanum brevidens and potato.     

班主任工作浅析

班主任有一颗永不泯灭的童心；慈祥、体贴学生；诚实、公正、虚心、好学、博识、多才；严于律己,宽以待人.老师从内心里整个地接纳学生,跟学生做知心朋友,随时进行心灵的交流,替学生排忧解难,给学生指点人生道路上的迷津,帮学生树立信心,为学生规划美好的前程,使学生身心得到健康的发展.     

智能喷水灭火装置不同布置方式技术分析

在考虑喷水强度和喷水均匀性的基础上,文章针对智能喷水灭火装置的特性并综合国内一些工程实践经验,对智能喷水灭火装置的主要几种布置形式做出了技术分析比较,指出对于狭长型建筑物应采取单排布置形式,在多行列布置时宜被首选应用.     

中国古典园林与戏曲舞台空间布景的共通性

优秀的传统文化是一个民族劳动人民智慧的结晶。随着全球经济一体化的发展，中国传统文化受到西方文化的猛烈冲击，因此以中国古典园林和戏曲艺术的研究为代表的优秀传统文化的研究对中国现代文化发展有着深远意义。笔者通过查阅国内现有的关于古典园林和戏曲舞台空间布景的研究，发现该领域的研究并不丰富。通过对二者空间布局的层次、置陈布势的常用手法和艺术性进行共通性研究，希望对古典园林和戏曲保护提供参考和指导。     

高校大学生党课教育科学化建设之路径探讨

着力推进高校大学生党课教育的科学化建设,是高校党建链条上的一项基础性的重要任务。本文作者以亲历者的视域,概览了高校大学生党课教育在授课内容、方式、师资、教材等方面从认识到实际操作上的诸多科学化诉求,指出高校中蕴藏着大学生党课教育的丰富资源,只要改变思路、整合队伍、改进方法,完全可以使高校党课教育的水平提升一个档次。在理性思考之后,作者提出就地取材,坚持可操作性强的实际举措,意欲打造具有高校品牌特色的大学生党课教育的精品课程。     

Isolation and characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from national horse racetracks and private horse-riding courses in Korea

Limited information is available regarding horse-associated antimicrobial resistant (AR) Escherichia (E.) coli. This study was designed to evaluate the frequency and characterize the pattern of AR E. coli from healthy horse-associated samples. A total of 143 E. coli (4.6%) were isolated from 3,078 samples collected from three national racetracks and 14 private horse-riding courses in Korea. Thirty of the E. coli isolates (21%) showed antimicrobial resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent, and four of the AR E. coli (13.3%) were defined as multi-drug resistance. Most of the AR E. coli harbored AR genes corresponding to their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. Four of the AR E. coli carried class 1 integrase gene (intI1), a gene associated with multi-drug resistance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis showed no genetic relatedness among AR E. coli isolated from different facilities; however, cross-transmissions between horses or horses and environments were detected in two facilities. Although cross-transmission of AR E. coli in horses and their environments was generally low, our study suggests a risk of transmission of AR bacteria between horses and humans. Further studies are needed to evaluate the risk of possible transmission of horse-associated AR bacteria to human communities through horse riders and horse-care workers.     

Effects of arrangement of surge-rootirrigation emitters on growth,yield andwater use efficiency of apple trees

Six-year old apple trees were selected for field experiment. The objective of this study was to obtain the reasonable arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters in apple orchards. There were three factors: the buried depth H( 25,40,55 cm),the horizontal distance L( 30,40,60 cm) between the emitters and the trunk of the experimental tree,and the number of the irrigation emitters N( 1,2,4). The effect of the arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on the growth,yield and irrigation water use efficiency( IWUE) of apple trees were studied in Northern Shaanxi where the irrigation quota takes 60%-75% of the field water capacity. The results showed that the arrangement of emitters for surge-root irrigation had a significant effect on apple tree yield and IWUE,especially,the yield and IWUE reached 28 388. 17 kg/hm2 and 16. 83 kg/m3 in treatment T3,respectively. At the same L and N levels( T1,T2,and T3),the yield and IWUE in treatment T3 were the highest,and the yields in treatments T1 and T2 were decreased by 26.22% and 31.48%,while IWUE is reduced by14.02% and 18.12% compared with T3,respectively. At the same H and N levels( T3,T4,and T5),the yield and IWUE of apple trees were decreased with increasing L level. Especially,when L was 30 cm( T3),the yield and IWUE were the highest. The same L and H levels( T3,T6,and T7) could promote the growth of apple trees when N was 2( T3). Compared with treatment T3,it was found that the increment of new shoots was decreased by 8.07%-18.71%,and the fruit diameter was decreased by 5.41%-9.11%. Therefore,two emitters should be arranged symmetrically on both sides of an apple tree,each was buried at a 40 cm depth and 30 cm away from the trunk of the tree to effectively improve the yield and IWUE of the apple tree in mountainous areas in Northern Shaanxi.     

刀具布置对茎秆切碎还田机振动的影响分析

分析了影响茎秆切碎还田机振动的主要因素，并对典型机具的刀片排列方案进行了研究．从而提出了茎秆切碎还田机刀片排列的主要理论依据。     

农机专业《机械制造工艺学》教学方法的探讨

《机械制造工艺学》是工科院校中一门实践性强、涉及面广、灵活性大又十分重要的专业课，对培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力、创新能力、实践能力等起着重要的作用。为此对农机类专业的《机械制造工艺学》课程教学方法进行了探讨，提出了一些教学措施，并通过实践，取得较好效果。