小肽对大黄鱼仔鱼生长和小肠发育的影响及其在低温胁迫下的抗氧化应激效应

本试验分为生长试验和低温胁迫试验2部分.先分别投喂大黄鱼(Larimichthys cro-cea)仔鱼经不同浓度(0、0.5、1.0、2.0和3.0 mL/m3)小肽营养强化后的轮虫和卤虫12 d,以探讨小肽对大黄鱼仔鱼生长和小肠发育的影响;再将大黄鱼仔鱼暴露在温度为12℃的水体中24 h,以探讨小肽对低温胁迫下大黄...     

基于改进LMD的泵站摆度信号分析

局部均值分解(local mean decomposition, LMD)在分析非线性、非平稳信号时具有特有的分析能力,特别适合泵站机组摆度信号的分析.但是在信号分解为固有旋转分量的过程中,由于局域均值和包络估计函数在数据端点存在误差,会产生端点效应,严重时导致信号分解结果失真.针对这一问题,从全面考虑曲线幅值和几何形状相似性出发,提出基于灰色B型关联度和欧氏距离的端点效应抑制方法.为评价该端点效应抑制方法的抑制效果,提出分解前后的信号能量变化的评价标准.通过与原始局域均值分解算法、镜像映射法和波形匹配法等传统方法相比,验证该方法的有效性和优越性.仿真信号和泵站主轴摆度实测信号的应用表明,该方法能够有效地抑制端点效应,提高LMD分解过程中重构信号精度,更好地提取泵站机组摆度信号故障特征.     

Recording cerebellar neuron activities in swimming goldfish

ABSTRACT:   Neuronal activities were investigated in the cerebellum of immobilized and swimming goldfish Carassius auratus . Extracellularly recorded neural activities of the cerebellum in immobilized goldfish were characterized and classified into five types. Based on the waveforms and recording depths, these five neural activity types were estimated to originate from three identified classes of cerebellar neurons: Purkinje cells, eurydendroid cells, and granule cells. Chronic recording of cerebellar neuron activities in unrestrained goldfish was performed for more than 100 h. During the chronic recordings, a submersible amplifier attached to the goldfish head, and a multielectrode array developed for the present study were used. Neuronal activities in the cerebellum of free-swimming fish could also be classified into five types as in the immobilized condition. Firing patterns of two neurons identified as Purkinje cells and eurydendroid cells were analyzed during turning movements of the goldfish. The firing patterns of these neurons changed in relation to turning movements. Although some improvements are required, the chronic recording method developed in the present study can be applied to further investigations concerning the direct relationship between brain neural activities and certain behavior.     

近缘新对虾cyclin B基因的克隆与原核表达

采用RACE技术,克隆了近缘新对虾cyclinB基因,该序列全长1 667 bp,编码区1 209bp共编码402个氨基酸,所推导的氨基酸序列N端不存在信号肽.BLAST比对后发现,其氨基酸序列与刀额新对虾的同源性达90％.经RT-PCR检测,cyclin B基因在近缘新对虾的卵巢和肌肉中表达水平最高,胸神经节和心脏次之,鳃、眼柄神经节、肝胰腺几乎没有表达.推测主要与cyclin B在细胞周期中调控细胞分裂的功能有关.原核表达结果显示,pET32a表达载体在0.2 mmol/L IPTG、25℃诱导4h条件下可得到纯度较高的分子量约67 ku的蛋白.     

Effect of dietary vitamin B6 supplementation on growth and intestinal microflora of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

In order to investigate the dietary vitamin B₆ (VB₆) requirement for juvenile golden pompano, an experiment of six different diets with six dietary VB₆ levels (0, 3.75, 7.47, 10.6, 13.7 and 18.5 mg/kg) was conducted. The results indicated that the content of dietary VB₆ significantly increased weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR; p < 0.05). Golden pompano fed diet containing 7.47 mg/kg VB₆ achieved the maximum ALT, AST, GPx, hepatic VB₆ concentrations as well as the minimum MDA, however, the ALT, AST, GPx and hepatic VB₆ concentrations decreased while MDA increased with a further increase in dieatry VB₆. The highest values of GR and POD occurred at the 10.6 and 13.7 mg/kg dietary VB₆ (p < 0.05) respectively. A diet supplemented with 7.47 mg/kg VB₆ increased intestinal Na⁺, K⁺‐ATPase, Chymotrypsin, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, creatine kinase and amylase activities (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Tenericutes and Bacteroidetes decreased while Proteobacteria and Firmicutes improved with an increase in dietary VB₆ levels up to 7.47 mg/kg. Quadratic regression analysis on WGR, hepatic VB₆ concentrations, AST and ALT indicated that the optimum dietary VB₆ levels for juvenile golden pompano were 8.84–9.28 mg/kg.     

三种环棱螺形态学比较研究

为了快速准确鉴别梨形环棱螺(Bellamya purificata)、铜锈环棱螺(B.aeruginosa)与角形环棱螺(B.angularia),本研究采用多种形态度量法,对梨形、铜锈与角形环棱螺的外部形态可量性状进行研究与分析。结果显示:三种环棱螺成体中,梨形环棱螺的体高和体宽均大于铜锈环棱螺和角形环棱螺,而铜锈环棱螺和角形环棱螺在体高上差异不大,但在体宽上角形环棱螺显著大于铜锈环棱螺。主成分分析结果显示,前三个主成分累积贡献率高达92.62%,这三个主成分主要反映躯体外部轮廓、体高和体宽,第一主成分贡献率为75.06%,表明躯体外部轮廓是区分三种环棱螺类的主要依据。判别分析结果显示,角形环棱螺、梨形环棱螺、铜锈环棱螺判别函数的综合判别率高达99.3%。     

中华鲟神经内分泌多肽7B2基因克隆及组织特异性表达

以中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)脑垂体总RNA为模板,采用RT-PCR和RACE方法,获得中华鲟神经内分泌多肽(7B2)基因的3个重叠片段,测序后拼接得到986 bp全长基因序列,其中包括5'端非翻译区(5′-UTR)14 bp、3′端非翻译区(3-′UTR)261 bp和开放阅读框711 bp。翻译编码236个氨基酸。其中前43个氨基酸为7B2的信号肽。经BLAST比对发现中华鲟7B2蛋白的同源性与斑马鱼(Danio rerio)的相似性最高为82%。系统发育分析表明,中华鲟与斑马鱼亲缘关系最近。半定量RT-PCR分析表明:在脑中7B2 mRNA表达量最高,心脏、性腺、胰等组织中表达次之,肠、肾、皮肤等组织中少量表达,肝和鳃几乎不表达。     

Regeneration of adventitious shoots from mature stored cotyledons of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lind1)

Adventitious shoot regeneration from mature stored cotyledons of Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lind1) was achieved in vitro. The influences of the presence and absence of the light, different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) and benzyladenine (BA) in the culture media, TDZ pretreatments and different basal salts on shoot regeneration were evaluated. TDZ was more effective in inducing shoot regeneration from mature stored cotyledons than BA. Dark incubation significantly increased the regeneration frequencies. Quoirin/Lepoivre (QL) basal salts stimulated shoot regeneration more than woody plant (WPM) or B5 salts did. The frequency of adventitious shoot formation varied among the varieties and the regeneration ability appeared to be genotype depended. The frequency of regeneration under the optimum tested conditions for ‘Bruce’, ‘Shiro’, ‘Redheart’, ‘Gladstone’ and ‘Early Golden’ cotyledons were 66.7%, 46.7%, 43.3%, 26.7% and 6.7%, respectively.     

An assessment of the variation in the prevalence of renal myxosporidiosis and hepatitis in wild brown trout, Salmo trutta L., within and between rivers in South-West England

The prevalence of renal myxosporidiosis in wild brown trout, Salmo trutta, in seven river catchments in South-West England was investigated. Three hundred and twenty-seven fish were sampled from 16 sites, of which 54 (16.5%) were found, by histological examination of the kidney, to be infected with Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, the causative agent of proliferative kidney disease. No T. bryosalmonae infected fish were found in one river catchment, in other catchments the prevalence ranged from 2.5% to 36%. Hepatitis was strongly associated with the presence of T. bryosalmonae (odds ratio = 20.2, P < 0.001). Chloromyxum schurovi was found in 25% of fish and in six of seven river catchments, where the prevalence ranged from 2.4% to 63%. There was a strong negative association between the presence of T. bryosalmonae and C. schurovi (odds ratio = 0.10, P < 0.001). A hierarchical binomal model of the variance indicated that for T. bryosalmonae most of the variance existed at the site level, whereas for C. schurovi most variance existed at the river catchment level, suggesting that prevalence of T. bryosalmonae infection is determined largely by site level factors (e.g. presence of alternate host). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were 0.2 and 0.4 for T. bryosalmonae and C. schurovi, respectively, indicating the latter has higher effective transmission because of a higher level of infectiousness and/or abundance of alternate oligochaete hosts. These values can be used in future studies to estimate the sample sizes required to generate prevalence estimates with the required precision.     

林改宗地数据的网络共享与管理

随着集体林权制度改革的全面展开,宗地信息的网络共享与管理成为一个急需解决的问题。以昆明市宜良县林权制度改革宗地数据为例,基于ASP+HTML+Microsoft SQL Server,采用B/S结构设计实现了宗地数据的网络共享与管理。ASP开发简单而且直观,开发过程易于HTML集成。系统操作简单,维护方便,可让不同用户通过网络获取所需的宗地信息,以及对数据进行管理与维护。