暖冬对皖北地区小麦生育前期若干指标的影响

研究了暖冬对皖北地区小麦生育前期若干指标的影响.结果表明,暖冬导致生育前期旺长,形成过多的茎蘖数、较大的群体叶面积及较高的干物质积累量;暖冬使小麦生育进程提前,麦苗抗冻性降低,遭遇低温时易遭受冻害,废弃物含量增加.     

车前子提取物抑制扑热息痛诱导小鼠肝损伤的作用研究

【目的】研究车前子提取物干预扑热息痛(Acetaminophen,APAP)引起小鼠肝损伤的作用,并探究其潜在作用机制。【方法】运用半仿生酶法提取车前子活性成分,采用液相色谱-质谱联用(LC-MS)检测其主要成分。体内研究车前子提取物对APAP肝损伤的保护作用,将60只雌性昆明小白鼠随机分为正常对照组(NC)、APAP肝损伤模型组(LD)、车前子对照组(PA)以及APAP干预的车前子提取物高、中、低剂量组(HPA+LC、MPA+LD、LPA+LD)。其中NC组和LD组小鼠灌胃生理盐水、PA组小鼠灌胃200μg/mL车前子提取物,HPA+LD,MPA+LD和LPA+LD组小鼠分别灌胃车前子提取物200,100,50μg/mL,每天2次,连续6 d;末次给药12 h后,采血并分离肝脏,检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,评价肝脏损伤程度;检测肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及谷胱甘肽(GSH)、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量,评价肝脏的氧化应激程度;检测CYP2E1 mRNA和蛋白表达,并通过细胞色素P450酶2E1(Cytochrome 2E1,CYP2E1)法体外筛选车前子抗APAP肝损伤可能的有效成分。【结果】LC-MS检测发现,车前子提取物有37种主要成分;血清生化指标检测发现,不同剂量的车前子提取物明显减少APAP诱导的氧化产物,增强抗氧化防御能力,减轻肝脏损伤且呈剂量依赖性;车前子提取物显著降低CYP2E1 mRNA和蛋白表达,说明车前子抑制CYP2E1的活性;车前子提取物中抗APAP肝损伤的有效成分为车前草苷D、车前草苷E、高车前素和高车前苷。【结论】车前子提取物的有效成分为车前草苷D、车前草苷E、高车前素和高车前苷。车前子提取物对APAP诱导的肝损伤具有保护作用,其潜在作用机制可能与抑制肝脏CYP2E1的表达和活性有关。     

热空气处理诱导冷藏橄榄果实抗冷性及其与膜脂代谢的关系

【目的】研究热空气处理对冷藏橄榄果实抗冷性的影响及其与脂氧合酶（LOX）活性和膜脂脂肪酸组分变化的关系。【方法】采后‘檀香’橄榄[Canarium album (Lour.) Raeusch cv. Tanxiang]果实38℃热空气处理30 min,采用0.015 mm厚的聚乙烯薄膜袋密封包装,在（2?1）℃下贮藏。贮藏期间定期测定橄榄果实冷害指数和细胞膜透性,果皮LOX活性和膜脂脂肪酸组分。【结果】与对照果实比,38℃热空气处理30 min降低冷藏橄榄果实冷害指数、细胞膜透性和果皮LOX活性,提高果皮棕榈油酸（C16:1）、亚油酸（C18:2）和亚麻酸（C18:3）等不饱和脂肪酸相对含量,降低肉豆蔻酸（C14:0）、棕榈酸（C16:0）和硬脂酸（C18:0）等饱和脂肪酸相对含量,抑制果皮脂肪酸不饱和指数和脂肪酸不饱和度下降。【结论】热空气处理通过降低冷藏橄榄果实果皮LOX活性而减少膜脂不饱和脂肪酸的降解,维持较高的膜脂脂肪酸不饱和程度,从而增强橄榄果实抗冷性、减轻冷藏橄榄果实冷害的发生。     

对慢性心衰心阳虚证及其微观指标关系的思考

本文通过对慢性心力衰竭心阳虚证症候特点、病程变化机制、血流动力学、心功能分级、心脏负荷标志物、神经内分泌相关激素、炎症反应物等相关指标的关联整理,研究其诊断价值,为病证结合慢性心力衰竭心阳虚证提供辅助诊断依据,并对心衰心阳虚证微观辨证发展现状进行反思。     

北京地区冬小麦冻害预报系统初探

采用运筹学决策树方法，通过归纳冬小麦各生育阶段各种因素的综合影响，建立了冬小麦冻害预报系统。系统分为品种、播种、冬前条件、越冬条件、早春条件5个层次，并以冬4、麦自身抗寒力（品种，生长状况等）和环境因素（土壤，气象条件，田间管理等）为指标，判断预测麦苗抗寒力、越冬冻伤情况及冻害程度，预测结果均以5个等级描述，系统按照预测的冻害级别给出不同时段冻害预防的补救措施和建议，具有较高的应用价值。     

Branched‐chain amino acid ratios in low‐protein diets regulate the free amino acid profile and the expression of hepatic fatty acid metabolism‐related genes in growing pigs

Liver metabolism is affected by nutrients. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of low‐protein diets (17% crude protein, CP) supplemented with branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val), on hepatic amino acid profile and lipid metabolism in growing pigs. The ratio of Leu : Ile : Val in all groups was 1 : 0.51 : 0.63 (20% crude protein, CP), 1 : 1 : 1 (17% CP), 1 : 0.75 : 0.75 (17% CP), 1 : 0.51 : 0.63 (17% CP) and 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 (17% CP) respectively. Results revealed that compared to the positive control group (1 : 0.51 : 0.63, 20% CP), the low‐protein diets significantly augmented the concentrations of most essential amino acids and non‐essential amino acids (p < .05), with the greatest values observed in the 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 group. Moreover, relative to the control, the low‐protein diets with the Leu : Ile : Val ratio ranging from 1 : 0.75 : 0.75 to 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 markedly downregulated the mRNA abundance of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP‐4) (p < .05), and upregulated the mRNA expression of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐g coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (L‐CPT‐1) (p < .05). Therefore, our data suggest that protein‐restricted diets supplemented with optimal BCAA ratio, that is, 1 : 0.75 : 0.75–1 : 0.25 : 0.25, induce a shift from fatty acid synthesis to fatty acid oxidation in the liver of growing pigs. These effects may be associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis.     

外环流式发酵罐用于玉米生料酒精发酵的研究

对玉米粉悬浮液沉降情况的研究表明,沉降界面初始沉降速度随初始浓度的增加而减小。对外环 流式发酵罐用于玉米生料酒精发酵进行研究,结果表明,起始阶段,玉米粉悬浮液要在外环流式发酵罐中完成强制 回流循环,必然存在一个最小回流量Q;通过恒流泵强制发酵醪循环可以显著缓解原料沉淀造成的不利影响,有利 于发酵罐中的传质;发酵20 h,强制循环发酵液中酵母细胞出芽率较自然发酵提高84．8％,死亡率降低100％,发 酵70 h时酒精度提高11．5％;采用外环流式发酵罐进行玉米生料发酵酒精时,较大的高径比对发酵有利。     

The Role of Exogenous Insulin in the Complex of Hepatic Lipidosis and Ketosis Associated with Insulin Resistance Phenomenon in Postpartum Dairy Cattle

As a result of a marked decline in dry matter intake (DMI) prior to parturition and a slow rate of increase in DMI relative to milk production after parturition, dairy cattle experience a negative energy balance. Changes in nutritional and metabolic status during the periparturient period predispose dairy cattle to develop hepatic lipidosis and ketosis. The metabolic profile during early lactation includes low concentrations of serum insulin, plasma glucose, and liver glycogen and high concentrations of serum glucagon, adrenaline, growth hormone, plasma β-hydroxybutyrate and non-esterified fatty acids, and liver triglyceride. Moreover, during late gestation and early lactation, flow of nutrients to fetus and mammary tissues are accorded a high degree of metabolic priority. This priority coincides with lowered responsiveness and sensitivity of extrahepatic tissues to insulin, which presumably plays a key role in development of hepatic lipidosis and ketosis. Hepatic lipidosis and ketosis compromise production, immune function, and fertility. Cows with hepatic lipidosis and ketosis have low tissue responsiveness to insulin owing to ketoacidosis. Insulin has numerous roles in metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. Insulin is an anabolic hormone and acts to preserve nutrients as well as being a potent feed intake regulator. In addition to the major replacement therapy to alleviate severity of negative energy balance, administration of insulin with concomitant delivery of dextrose increases efficiency of treatment for hepatic lipidosis and ketosis. However, data on use of insulin to prevent these lipid-related metabolic disorders are limited and it should be investigated.     

2009年豫中桃苗木冻害发生调查与分析

2009年10月份气温偏高,加上11月上中旬的强寒潮天气造成了河南省中部地区桃苗木的严重冻害。2010年1月9日对冻害发生地区的随机抽样调查表明,桃苗木未发生明显冻害的占23.9%,轻度冻害和中等冻害的占18.1%和15.3%,发生严重冻害和致死冻害的分别为24.3%和18.4%,平均冻害指数48.82。苗木高度与冻害指数呈显著正相关(r=0.893*),苗木粗度与冻害指数无显著正相关(r=0.613),不同品种冻害发生情况存在一定差异,冻害发生的边际效应非常明显。对桃苗木冻害发生的综合原因进行了分析,并就相关对策进行了探讨。     

直播稻苗期化学除草药害成因及对策

介绍直播稻苗期化学除草产生药害的原因及辨识方法,提出避免药害的对策和方法,以期推动安徽省寿县地区直播稻苗期化学除草水平的进一步提高。