不同贮藏温度结合热处理对黄瓜品质及生理生化指标的影响

利用二次回归正交旋转组合设计测出的不同贮藏温度（2、4和8℃）下各自对应的最佳热处理条件,研究不同贮藏温度（2、4和8℃）结合其对应的最佳热处理条件对贮藏期间黄瓜果实品质及生理生化指标的影响,分别对该贮藏条件下黄瓜果实的冷害、硬度、失重率、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、可溶性蛋白、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、H₂O₂、超氧阴离子自由基O^2-?、ASA和GSH含量进行测定。结果表明,热处理可以抑制冷害,而热处理结合4℃低温贮藏可以有效地抑制黄瓜果实硬度和失重率的下降,延缓过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性的上升,抑制H₂O₂和超氧阴离子自由基O^2-?的上升,对黄瓜的褐变有显著抑制作用,延缓抗坏血酸的下降,维持还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量,有利于调节活性氧系统的平衡。研究表明,在4℃贮藏条件下,黄瓜的热水处理条件为39.4℃、24.3 min时,可延缓黄瓜果实的衰老,较好地保持了果实的品质。     

Study on the Hepatoprotective Effect of Oxalis coriniculata L. and Related Mechanism by Regulating Oxidative Stress and TLR-2/NF-κB Signaling Pathway

[Objectives]This study aimed to explore the protective effect of Oxalis coriniculata L.on rats with acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl4)and ...     

腐胺对吸胀冷害下菜豆种子萌发及抗性的影响

为提高吸胀冷害下菜豆种子发芽率,缓解吸胀冷害对菜豆种子的伤害。以低温敏感型菜豆"热那亚"种子为试材,设置CK(常温对照)、LT(4℃低温处理)和LT+Put(4℃低温处理时加入1 mmol·L^-1的腐胺(Put))3个处理,研究外源Put对吸胀冷害下菜豆种子萌发及抗性的影响。结果表明:吸胀冷害下,外源Put处理后LT+Put组菜豆种子发芽率、发芽指数和种子活力与LT组相比分别提高了87.12%、124.21%和191.99%;LT+Put与LT处理相比细胞膜透性下降,可溶性物质含量增加,抗氧化酶活性升高,O2^-、H2O2和MDA含量增加。说明外源Put的施用可能通过降低细胞膜透性,增加可溶性物质含量,诱导抗氧化酶活性,直接或间接调节ROS清除系统来提高菜豆种子对吸胀冷害的抗性,提高菜豆种子的发芽率、发芽指数和种子活力。     

毛竹林冰雪危害调查及灾后重建技术组装

以靖安县毛竹林为调查研究对象,调查冰雪危害毛竹林的规律,了解毛竹林分防御雪灾的能力,制定毛竹林损伤类型划分,组装毛竹林灾后重建技术.     

旱冻双重胁迫下的冬小麦幼苗长势遥感监测研究

为了探讨"旱冻交加"的气候条件下遥感监测小麦苗情的可行性,以河南省冬小麦为例,利用多时相MODIS为遥感数据源,引入了广泛用于小麦苗情监测的距平植被指数(AVI),同时基于植被健康状态指数(VHI)和晚霜冻害综合指数(I),构建了旱冻双重胁迫条件下的小麦苗情综合指数(CI),以反映冬小麦拔节期的生长状况,并分别利用实测样点苗情分类和距平植被指数对结果进行验证。结果表明,CI的总体分类精度为85.00%,Kappa系数为0.74;冬小麦总茎数与CI呈线性正相关关系,拟合方程为y=8.732CI+1.256,决定系数为0.605 3;与实测样本对比,CI预测精度为73.30%,苗情分类分级更符合小麦生长实际情况。因此认为旱冻双重胁迫下可以利用CI对冬小麦苗情进行监测。     

LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling mediates alcohol-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Liver fibrosis results from liver inflammation and progresses to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. It is known that nonalcoholic liver disease is mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2)–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate whether alcoholic liver disease is also mediated by this pathway. To this end, we first established rat models of liver fibrosis by administering alcohol. Next, the rats were injected with anti-TLR4 and anti-MD-2 antibodies. Real Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the activation of the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Moreover, the expression of molecules related to liver fibrosis was estimated. The morphology of rat liver tissue was observed through hematoxylin–eosin staining and Masson staining. For in vitro studies, Kupffer cells (KCs) isolated from the liver were transfected with si-TLR4 and si-MD-2 and co-cultured with HSCs to determine the activity of HSCs. It was found that alcohol treatment activated the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and upregulated the molecules associated with liver fibrosis. However, inhibition of TLR4 and MD-2 partially reversed this trend. Notably, in vitro studies indicated that knockdown of TLR4 and MD-2 in KCs partially inhibited LPS-induced activation of KCs and HSCs. Overall, this study showed that alcohol induces liver fibrosis via the LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway.     

A chronic oral toxicity study of marine collagen peptides preparation from chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) skin using Sprague-Dawley rat

Due to the increased consumption of marine collagen peptides preparation (MCP) as ingredients in functional foods and pharmaceuticals, it was necessary to carry out safety requirements in the form of an oral chronic toxicity assessment. In order to define the oral chronic toxicity of MCP, a 24-month feeding study of MCP was carried out. Sprague-Dawley (S-D) rats at the age of four-week of both sexes were treated with MCP at the diet concentrations of 0%, 2.25%, 4.5%, 9% and 18% (wt/wt). The actual food intake and bodyweight of the individual animals were recorded periodically until sacrifice. Blood and urine samples were collected for serum chemistry evaluations and urinalysis. Throughout the experimental period, there was no toxicologically significant difference between the vehicle and MCP-treated animals with respect to the survival rate, body weight, food consumption, urinalysis, clinical biochemistry parameter and relative organ weight in either sex. Moreover, incidences of non-neoplastic lesions in MCP-treated groups did not significantly increase compared with the control group. Under the present experimental conditions, no higher risk of chronic toxic effects was observed in MCP-treated rats at the diet concentrations of 2.25%, 4.5%, 9% and 18% (wt/wt) than in the rats fed with basal rodent diet.     

不同类型小麦品种孕穗期低温生理反应及其抗寒性分析

为明确冬小麦抗低温倒春寒的生理机制,以多穗型小麦品种济麦22、邯6172和大穗型小麦品种临麦4号、潍麦8号为材料,研究了孕穗期低温(1℃、-2℃)对小麦叶片可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。结果表明,在低温处理当天,1℃低温下,4个品种的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸和MDA含量均不同程度增加,SOD活性除济麦22外均提高;-2℃低温下,可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量增加更明显,SOD活性除临麦4号外均降低,各品种MDA含量均显著减少。低温处理第3d和第6d,低温最初诱导产生的脯氨酸逐渐减少,MDA含量大幅降低,其余指标均增加。经用隶属函数法综合分析,4个品种的抗寒性相近,穗型间差异不明显。     

The liver lipid fatty acid profiles of seven Indian Ocean shark species

We have assessed the fatty acid profiles of the livers from seven shark species (Carcharias taurus (raggedtooth/grey nurse), Carcharhinus limbatus (blacktip), Carcharhinus obscurus (dusky), Carcharhinus leucas (Zambezi/bull), Sphyrna lewini (scalloped hammerhead), Carcharhinus brevipinna (spinner), and Galeocerdo cuvieri (tiger)) found off the east coast of South Africa. While there was generally little variation between the species, Carcharias taurus showed fatty acid profiles that would be most favourable in human nutrition, in that it showed both low saturated (SFA) (37.1%) and high polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (26.6%) levels. However, all species showed profiles rich in PUFA, thus utilising the liver oil from sharks caught as part of the bycatch when fishing for teleost species would avoid unnecessary wastage of a potentially valuable resource. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The effect of hepatic passage on postprandial plasma lipid profile of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after a single meal

For the first time, pre‐ and post‐hepatic plasma lipid profiles were monitored following a single meal in a free‐swimming, non‐anaesthetized fish. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss; 700–1500 g; 10 °C) were equipped with cannulae in the dorsal aorta (DA) and hepatic portal vein (HPV). Simultaneous blood samples, taken from both cannulae at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h postprandial, revealed the time course of the plasma lipid profiles following a single meal (1% of body mass). Primarily monounsaturated fatty acids with the exception of 18:1n ? 9, increased significantly from baseline by 12 h postprandial without greatly affecting total plasma lipid concentrations. Total plasma lipids then showed a small peak at 24 h postprandial, coinciding with a peak in triacylglycerols. We conclude that assimilation of lipids from the digest into the plasma is slower than reported for proteins and carbohydrates in the same species. Furthermore, as there were no significant differences between the HPV and DA, no measurable effect of hepatic passage on plasma lipid levels was resolved. Therefore, we also conclude that, in contrast to that in higher vertebrates, hepatic passage does not seem to have a major role in rainbow trout for modulating the postprandial plasma profile of lipids.