贵州黄牛杂交F1代直线育肥技术研究

本试验采用6月龄左右的西门塔尔×关岭牛F1代10头、利木赞×关岭牛F1代10头、安格斯×关岭牛F1代10头进行了360 d的强度育肥饲养试验。结果表明，3种杂交牛平均体重分别为550、590、540 kg，平均日增重依序为1413、1485和1367g；每千克增重消耗饲料干物质分别为6.91、6.42、7.10 kg；每增重1 kg饲料成本分别为5.23、4.86、5.38元；净肉率差异不显著，分别为42.5 %、41.5 %和43.0 %。从而认为，贵州杂交黄牛通过直线育肥可以达到优质肉牛18～24月龄（即屠宰前）450～500 kg以上的生产性能。     

Milking performance evaluation and factors affecting milking claw vacuum levels with flow simulator

Milking performance of milking machines that matches the production capability of dairy cows is important in reducing the risk of mastitis, particularly in high‐producing cows. This study used a simulated milking device to examine the milking performance of the milking system of 73 dairy farms and to analyze the factors affecting claw vacuum. Mean claw vacuum and range of fluctuation of claw vacuum (claw vacuum range) were measured at three different flow rates: 5.7, 7.6 and 8.7 kg/min. At the highest flow rate, only 16 farms (21.9%) met both standards of mean claw vacuum ≥35 kPa and claw vacuum range ≤ 7 kPa, showing that milking systems currently have poor milking performance. The factors affecting mean claw vacuum were claw type, milk‐meter and vacuum shut‐off device; the factor affecting claw vacuum range was claw type. Examination of the milking performance of the milking system using a simulated milking device allows an examination of the performance that can cope with high producing cows, indicating the possibility of reducing the risk of mastitis caused by inappropriate claw vacuum.     

两个海大香肉鸡品系屠宰性能与肉质性状的比较

以在相同条件下饲养的72日龄海大香Ⅱ号鸡、海大香特Ⅱ号鸡为研究对象,测定其屠宰性能及部分肉质指标.结果表明:两品系产肉性能均良好,Ⅱ号鸡和特Ⅱ号鸡的屠宰率平均为90.99%及89.72%,全净膛率平均为69.90%及67.78%;无论在两品系间还是性别间,肌间脂宽、皮下脂厚、腹脂率以及胸腿肌含脂率等各项脂肪指标皆差异不显著(P＞0.05);特Ⅱ号鸡(慢速生长)的脂肪沉积能力要比Ⅱ号鸡(中速生长)高;两品系的胸腿肌肉含脂率均表现为母鸡比公鸡高的趋势;无论在两品系间还是性别间,胸腿肌失水率及蒸煮损失率皆差异不显著(P＞0.05);同一样本中,胸肌失水率大于腿肌,腿肌的蒸煮损失率大于胸肌.     

Effects of fermented garlic powder supplementation on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood characteristics and meat quality in growing‐finishing pigs

One hundred pigs (BW = 50.7 ± 1.89 kg) were used to investigate the effects of fermented garlic powder (FGP) in growing‐finishing pigs. Pigs were allotted to one of five treatments, included: (i) NC (basal diet); (ii) PC (NC + 44 mg/kg of Tylosin); (iii) FGP1 (NC + 1 g/kg FGP); (iv) FGP2 (NC + 2 g/kg FGP); and (v) FGP4 (NC + 4 g/kg FGP). Supplemental FGP increased average daily gain (ADG) and gain/feed ratio compared with those fed NC diet throughout the experiment (P < 0.05, linearly). Dietary PC treatment increased the ADG and average daily feed intake during the first 6 weeks (P < 0.05). The inclusion of FGP2 and FGP4 treatments had higher apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter and nitrogen (P < 0.05) than those in the NC treatment. Dietary NC treatment exhibited lower (P < 0.05) lymphocyte count (6 and 12 weeks) and immunoglobulin G (12 weeks) than those in the other treatments. Marbling scores were higher (P < 0.05) in FGP treatment groups than the NC treatments. Pigs fed on FGP2 and FGP4 diets evidenced lower 2‐thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value (P < 0.05) than those in the NC and PC treatments. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that the administration of FGP at a level of 2 or 4 g/kg improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility and meat quality in growing‐finishing pigs.     

甬优9号在三明市的种植表现及关键栽培技术

甬优9号在三明市试种表现高产稳产、产量潜力大。该文总结了甬优9号在三明市的种植表现,并提出高优关键栽培技术。     

日粮添加壳聚糖对鹅生长性能、血脂及脂代谢相关基因表达的影响

为研究日粮中添加不同剂量的壳聚糖对肉仔鹅生长性能、血脂成分、肝脏脂代谢关键酶及其mRNA表达的影响,探讨壳聚糖调控鹅脂质代谢的机理。选取14日龄扬州鹅公仔鹅360只,随机分为5组各6个重复,每个重复12只。即基础饲粮组(对照组,C),基础饲粮+250 mg/kg(Ⅰ),基础饲粮+500 mg/kg(Ⅱ)、基础饲粮+1 000mg/kg(Ⅲ)及基础饲粮+2 000mg/kg(Ⅳ)壳聚糖组,试验期56d。结果表明:1)饲粮中添加250和500mg/kg的壳聚糖均能显著提高试验鹅日采食量(ADFI)、日增重(ADG)及70日龄体重(P0.05);2)在250~1 000mg/kg范围内,和对照组相比,试验组血清总胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白(LDL)浓度显著降低(P0.05);不同处理组间血清甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)差异不显著(P0.05);3)饲粮中添加250和500mg/kg的壳聚糖能够显著降低肝脏乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)活性,并抑制ACC和脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)mRNA的表达(P0.05)。试验鹅肝脏过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPAR-α)mRNA表达水平随着壳聚糖水平提高,显著上调;4)在250~2 000mg/kg范围内,壳聚糖添加量不影响试验鹅肝脏FAS及LPL活性(P0.05)。但500和1 000mg/kg壳聚糖能显著降低其肝脏HL活性。综上所述,壳聚糖能够通过影响肝脏脂肪代谢酶活性及脂代谢相关基因的表达,调控试验鹅血脂代谢,提高其生长性能,添加量以250~500mg/kg效果最佳。     

氟铃脲在甘蓝植株及种植土壤中残留量的分析方法研究

为了快速、准确地测定氟铃脲及其相关制剂在甘蓝生产中使用后的残留降解行为,指导其科学合理的使用,通过添加回收率试验,借助HPLC检测技术,研究并建立了氟铃脲在甘蓝植株和种植土壤中的残留分析方法。结果表明:甘蓝植株和种植土壤样品中的氟铃脲均可用乙腈提取,Florisil柱层析净化,HPLC检测;当氟铃脲的添加浓度为0.05～1.00 mg/kg时,氟铃脲在甘蓝和甘蓝种植土壤中的平均添加回收率为82.73%～85.56%,相对标准偏差为1.25%～4.65%;该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留量分析与检测的技术要求。     

TLC-HPLC检测三黄连合剂的有效成分

[目的]以薄层色谱法-高效液相色谱法(TLC-HPLC)检测三黄连合剂的有效成分,为制定其质量标准及后期临床推广应用提供理论依据.[方法]采用TLC对三黄连合剂中的主要组分黄连、黄芩和连翘进行定性鉴别,并以HPLC对其主要有效成分黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱和连翘苷进行含量测定.[结果]三黄连合剂TLC色谱中的图像斑点清晰,与标准品对照斑点对齐,颜色一致.HPLC测定三黄连合剂中黄芩苷、连翘苷和盐酸小檗碱分别在75.00~1200.00μg/mL(r=0.9997) 、4.17~66.67 μg/mL(r=0.9998)、9.38~150.00 μg/mL(r=0.9999)范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为113.92%、100.18%和100.40%,其含量分别为5.03、0.25和0.27 mg/mL.[结论]TLC-HPLC可作为三黄连合剂的质量控制方法,且操作简便、重现性良好.     

水稻秧盘自动码垛机的设计与试验

针对水稻工厂化育秧播种完成的秧盘人工取盘和层叠堆放劳动强度大、效率低、后续运输不便等问题,该研究设计了一种水稻秧盘自动码垛机,可完成秧盘精确夹取、转移和码垛;阐述了码垛机的基本结构和工作原理,对关键部件进行设计,以可编程逻辑控制器(Programmable Logic Controller,PLC)作为控制核心,搭建了...     

阳光玫瑰嫁接不同砧木上的生长表现

为了研究一年生和多年生砧木自根苗绿枝嫁接的生长差异,利用‘阳光玫瑰’新梢作为接穗,嫁接在一年生和多年生的‘3309C’‘SO4’‘5BB’砧木上。结果表明,嫁接在多年生砧木上的‘阳光玫瑰’叶片长、宽均比嫁接在一年生砧木上的大;嫁接在‘5BB’上的‘阳光玫瑰’生长状况（节间长、节间粗、叶片数和卷须数）比‘3309C’和‘SO4’上的差,叶绿素含量低;一年生苗嫁接的叶片薄壁细胞少、气孔数少、主脉最外侧细胞活跃排列更紧密,栅栏组织排列不紧密,海绵组织所占比例大;多年生嫁接的茎尖细胞活跃,排列紧密,分生能力强;大多数嫁接在砧木上的‘阳光玫瑰’叶片中开花基因的表达都降低;嫁接在一年生砧木上的基因表达水平比嫁接多年生砧木的高,VvFT基因表达量高于自根‘阳光玫瑰’,VvTFL低于自根‘阳光玫瑰’。本研究为生产中‘阳光玫瑰’的嫁接栽培提供了科学依据。