鄱阳湖生态经济区农民工回流决策与回流农民工职业选择的经济分析

基于货币成本收益和非货币成本收益,对鄱阳湖生态经济区农民工回流决策及回流农民工的职业选择进行了经济分析。结果显示,考虑机会成本因素后的转移纯收益小于0时,转移农民工就会主动回流,而回流纯收益与转移纯收益趋于平衡时,非货币因素也会成为影响农民工回流决策的重要因素。回流农民工职业纯收益大于0,农民工就会放弃原有职业选择新职业。     

黑翅土白蚁对姬松茸及其培养料的取食性研究

通过观察黑翅土白蚁工蚁的觅食行为,进行了黑翅土白蚁对5种材料（姬松茸、木屑、菌草草粉、菌草姬松茸培养料、木屑姬松茸培养料）的取食选择性研究。结果表明,木屑和菌草草粉的被食率极显著高于其他3种材料,而姬松茸被食率为0;木屑与菌草草粉的泥被面积和泥被覆盖率极显著高于其他3种材料。这都表明姬松茸菌丝及其子实体散发出来的挥发性物质可以抑制黑翅土白蚁取食,黑翅土白蚁为害姬松茸主要是对其栽培料的破坏。     

茶树“二段法”快繁育苗适宜水质及营养液pH值研究初报

《茶树无性系良种"二段法"快繁育苗技术研究》为湖北省恩施农科院茶叶研究所自2005年以来的攻关课题,旨在解决山区茶农茶苗移栽成活率低的瓶颈问题,加快武陵山区无性系良种化建设进程。该技术成功实现了工厂化育苗、半年育苗出圃、带土坨移栽等重要技术指标,可提高茶苗移栽成活率95%以上,茶苗移栽无缓苗期,因营养液水质及pH值对短穗水培愈合及生根起到比较关键的作用。本文就营养液选择适宜pH值的试验作简要介绍,以供广大育苗单位及爱好者参考,较常规育苗技术提前1年获高产,项目成果推广性很强。     

Social effects on crowding preferences of urban forest visitors

An image-based stated choice approach was used to investigate the conditions determining why visitors to an urban forest in Vienna feel crowded or not. Respondents (N=213) evaluated several sets of images depicting trail use scenarios with different levels of social crowding conditions and several types of social interferences. Forest users were segmented into three groups based on their global evaluations of use levels during weekends and work days, resulting in a crowding-averse, a crowding-tolerant, and a crowding-indifferent segment. Crowding-averse respondents reacted much more negatively to scenarios with high-use levels, heterogeneous trail use conditions, and violations of personal minimum spatial requirements caused by the presence of others. This user group felt overcrowded because social conditions experienced in the area interfered with their main visiting goals, especially to walk with their dog unleashed and to recreate. By contrast, crowding-tolerant respondents disliked very low-use and high-use situations, and preferred a certain amount of social stimulation in the form of some encounters, and more heterogeneous trail use conditions.     

Nature orientation and opportunity: Who values and who has opportunity for satisfactory green spaces in proximity to their place of residence

Urban green spaces (UGS) provide important contributions to people. Yet, UGS planning requires better understanding of by whom and where such contributions are being valued or missed. Based on a mixed-methods online survey and choice experiment with residents of Wellington in Aotearoa New Zealand, we analyse how much and why residents value UGS and their benefits when deciding where to live and how socio-economic and spatial factors might impact nature orientation and opportunity for satisfactory local UGS. We find that local UGS are an important residential choice criteria for the majority of respondents, especially in the context of Wellington’s intensification plans. However, we show that socio-economic and spatial factors significantly impact whether someone values and is satisfied with UGS in proximity to their place of residence. Our findings call for careful scoping of a city’s population and spatial structure when planning for equitable UGS provision. More holistic approaches to green space planning are needed to address contextualities and the complex interdependencies between nature orientation and opportunity and to plan for green space distributions that provide opportunities now and help shaping nature orientation for future generations.     

甜菜夜蛾幼虫对常规棉和转基因棉的取食选择行为

本文研究了甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua幼虫在转基因棉和常规棉上的取食行为反应,以及有/无学习经历对其取食选择的影响及选择行为对蛹重的影响。结果表明,用人工饲料饲养至3龄5、龄的甜菜夜蛾幼虫在常规棉品种33和转基因棉品种33B上、常规棉品种石远321和转基因棉品种SGK321上的取食选择行为除24h内更多的5龄幼虫选择了石远321,在其它时段,幼虫并没有表现出对转基因叶片的规避行为,甚至有些时段更多地选择在转基因叶片上取食;分别用33叶片、33B叶片饲喂至3龄的甜菜夜蛾幼虫进行33和33B的取食选择,以及分别用石远321S、GK321的叶片饲喂至3龄的甜菜夜蛾幼虫进行石远321和SGK321的取食选择均未表现出对转基因棉的规避行为。上述所有处理中,甜菜夜蛾在常规棉上化蛹的蛹重与转基因棉上化蛹的蛹重无显著差异。结果表明,甜菜夜蛾对单价转基因棉33B和双价转基因棉SGK321均未表现出行为抗性。因此,在转基因棉花的害虫治理中要特别关注甜菜夜蛾的防治。     

松墨天牛对雪松精油及其单烯的选择行为反应

为探讨寄主挥发物在成虫寄主选择中的作用,为开发和利用引诱剂提供依据,利用Y型嗅觉仪,测试了松墨天牛(Monochamus alternatus Hope)对雪松精油及其单烯的选择行为.结果表明:200倍的雪松精油有明显引诱作用,引诱效果好于50倍和1000倍;马尾松精油、雪松精油模拟物(α-蒎烯:β-蒎烯:柠檬烯:莰烯...     

草地贪夜蛾对小麦的为害风险:取食为害性及解毒酶活性变化初探

为了探究草地贪夜蛾对小麦的为害风险,我们以取食玉米作为对照,开展研究取食小麦对草地贪夜蛾的存活率、取食选择性、生长量和3种解毒酶及乙酰胆碱酯酶的影响。结果表明:草地贪夜蛾初孵幼虫在小麦上的存活率与玉米并无显著差异,高达90%以上。用小麦连续饲喂3龄幼虫7 d,日均体重增加迅速,与取食玉米无显著差异(P0.05)。2龄幼虫取食选择率为小麦玉米,3龄和4龄幼虫的取食选择率为玉米小麦,但均无显著差异。值得注意的是,小麦饲喂48 h后草地贪夜蛾谷胱甘肽S-转移酶活性和多功能氧化酶含量表现为显著诱导上升,而羧酸酯酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性无显著变化。本试验结果初步表明草地贪夜蛾存在为害小麦的风险,应加强草地贪夜蛾在麦田发生情况的监测,同时应重视草地贪夜蛾取食不同寄主对药剂敏感性机制的研究。     

偶尔露峥嵘——权力话语理论与胡适译《最后一课》

本文从法国哲学家福柯的权力话语理论角度出发, 用外部权力话语、内部权力话语及中心话语等理论, 从翻译选材和译语选择两方面, 探讨了胡适翻译法国短篇小说《最后一课》的活动。认为胡适的翻译是在特定外部权力话语和内部权力话语的共同作用下, 以及受中心权力话语的影响而实现的翻译活动。     

Population consequences of behaviour in the European bitterling (Rhodeus sericeus Cyprinidae)

Abstract –  The European bitterling is a freshwater fish with an unusual spawning symbiosis with freshwater mussels. Female bitterling possess long ovipositors that they use to place their eggs onto the gills of a mussel. Males fertilise the eggs by releasing sperm into the inhalant siphon of the mussel. The embryos develop inside the mussel for approximately a month, eventually leaving the mussel as actively swimming larvae. Because they use a discrete spawning site that can be readily manipulated they represent an ideal model for linking reproductive decisions with population dynamics. Bitterling have been used in field and large-scale pool experiments, in combination with modelling and population and genetic studies to investigate the population consequences of behaviour. Here we show how male mating tactics, female mate and oviposition decisions, and aggressive interference competition among juveniles, may have significant impacts on bitterling population size and population genetics.