Influence of Long-Term Localized Fertilizer Applications on Soil Organo-Mineral Complexes in a Sheltered Vegetable Field

Organo-mineral interactions are considered to play a relevant role in organic matter (OM) protection against biodegradation in regard to soil developed under sheltered vegetable conditions. However, little is known about the effect of fertilizer applications on the composition of organo-mineral interactions. A long-term (16 years) fertilizer experiment was carried out in a sheltered vegetable field at Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China, in order to study the effects of different fertilizer applications on organo-mineral complexes. It was found that a long-term application of a combination of organic plus chemical fertilizers induced a higher concentration of OM than applying chemical fertilizers alone, and loosely bound humic (LB-H) slightly increased with application of a combination of organic and chemical fertilizers. No significant influence on firmly bound humic (FB-H) was found among the chemical fertilizer treatments, whereas the application of organic fertilizer slightly decreased the content of FB-H compared to chemical fertilizer treatments. More tightly bound humic (TB-H) was observed in organic fertilizer treatments than in chemical fertilizer treatments, and its highest concentration (11.53 g kg^?1) was in the treatment of organic fertilizer plus nitrogen (N)-phosphorus (P)-potassium (K) chemical fertilizers. The ratio of LB-H/TB-H tended to decrease after a long-term application of organic fertilizer, being the lowest (1.10) in the treatment of organic fertilizer plus P-K chemical fertilizer.     

土壤有机和无机组分对多环芳烃环境行为影响的研究进展

土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的环境行为取决于它们与土壤不同组分之间的相互作用。本文综述了土壤有机质、黏土矿物以及有机矿质复合体对PAHs土壤环境行为影响的研究进展,期望从土壤基本组成和性质上对PAHs的土壤环境行为有一个本质的了解。     

不同作物光合蛋白复合物的提取及比较分析

以双子叶C₃光合模式植物拟南芥和本氏烟草、单子叶C₃光合模式作物水稻和C₄光合玉米、双子叶C₄光合白花菜、C₃-C₄光合中间型Moricandia suffruticosa（MS）二倍体物种以及多倍体C₃作物油菜、大豆和花生为材料,运用蓝绿温和胶[Blue Native (BN)-PAGE]技术手段,在生化分子水平对C₃与C₄型、单子叶与双子叶、二倍体与多倍体不同作物光合复合物的差异进行解析。首先以拟南芥为材料优化BN-PAGE体系,证明在膜蛋白非离子型去垢剂十二烷基-β-D-麦芽糖苷（n-Dodecyl-β-D-Maltopyranoside,DM）终浓度为1%、处理时间为10min时增溶效果最好。然后用优化后的体系比较不同作物种间光合/类囊体膜复合物的差异。结果表明,光合复合物及其相应代表性亚基在蛋白丰度和组成形式等方面显著不同。与C₃、双子叶和二倍体植物相比,C₄、单子叶和多倍体作物中光系统II（PSII）核心蛋白D1在复合物中的含量升高;水稻中Cyt b₆f含量最高,不同作物之间Cyt b₆f核心亚基Cyt f丰度差异较大;玉米中光系统I（PSI）核心亚基PsaA的含量显著高于其他8种作物,且C₄作物高于C₃作物;单子叶植物中ATP酶复合物核心亚基CF1β含量显著高于双子叶植物。本研究比较了不同植物间光合蛋白复合物差异,为改良作物的光合性状和提高光合效率提供参考。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒囊膜蛋白免疫刺激复合物的制备

以非离子去污剂Mega-10裂解病毒囊膜蛋白，与新型佐剂ISCOM基质作用，应用离心和透析相结合的方法制备了猪伪狂犬病病毒囊膜蛋白免疫刺激复合物（PRV－ISCOMs）。PRV－ISCOMs经磷钨酸负染后电镜观察见到囊膜蛋白分布在ISCOM颗粒表面，形成直径30－40nm的笼格状结构，同时将PRV－ISCOMs在－20℃冻融5次后经电镜观察仍见到典型的笼格状结构，与国外报道的形态一致，本结果证实我们成功地制备了具有良好稳定性的PRV－IS－COMs。     

Research Progress in HSAB Theory and Leather Chemistry

The progress of applying HSAB theory to leather chemistry was reviewed.The stability and the tanning property of hydroxo complexes and the dechroming from leather shavings were expounded according to the absolute hardness from density-fu nctional theory and the softness from the theory of the mutual perturbation of the frontier- controfled molecular orbitals,The concept of accumulative propery of hydroxo compounds was posed as well. Finally,the future in this field was looked into.     

Adsorption of pure and dirty bacterial DNA on clay minerals and their transformation frequency

Several studies have investigated the adsorption of pure DNA on soil particles and its transformation ability. However, the presence of not purified (dirty) rather than pure DNA is more common in the extracellular soil environment. For this reason, we have investigated the adsorption and binding of dirty DNA on montmorillonite (M) and kaolinite (K) and their transforming ability in comparison to pure DNA. After lysis of Bacillus subtilis cells, induced by KCl, dirty DNA was characterized by the presence of cellular wall debris (cwd) and other constitutional organic components (coc). The dirty DNA was then divided into two fractions, one with cellular wall debris (DNA +cwd) and the other without cellular wall debris (DNA −cwd). B. subtilis BD 1512 (Cm^r) and BD 170 (Cm^s) were selected as donor and recipient bacteria, respectively, for adsorption and transformation studies. Both cwd and coc seem to facilitate the adsorption of DNA to clay minerals, whereas only cwd promote the DNA binding on clays, protecting also the DNA fragments below 400 bp against nucleases. Both dirty DNA fractions adsorbed and bound on clay minerals were able to transform competent cells.     

小鼠腔前卵泡卵母细胞的采集和体外成熟

酶消化配合机械分离，采集１０日龄小鼠腔前卵泡中的卵母细胞一颗粒细胞复合作（ＯＧＣｓ），以自制的胶原膜为底物，在 ＭＥＭ培养液中培养 １０ ｄ．卵母细胞－颗粒细胞复合体由 １１０． ５±１８． ６ μｍ增长到 １８４．４±６０． ６ μｍ，卵母细胞由 ５６． ２５±２． ０ μｍ增长到 ８２． ０±１０． ５μｍ．３６．７％的ＯＧＣ．具有５层以上颗粒细胞，其中９．１％放出第一极体。     

若干钕-钼杂多配合物的合成和表征

本文报导了以稀土元素钕为杂原子和铝形成的杂多配合物（NH4）12。H10[Nd4MO29O104（H2O）12）· 22H2O及 Na4（NH4）10[Nd4 MO29 O100（H2O）16]· 34H2O的合成方法．通过元素分析、热分析、红外吸收光谱、XPS对所合成的杂多配合物进行了表征．     

不同耕作施肥条件下玉米连作对黑土有机无机复合体性状的影响

本文研究了不同耕作、施肥条件下玉米连作对黑土有机无机复合体组成、土壤有机碳及氮、磷在各级复合体中分配的影响。结果表明,经常施用有机肥料条件下的玉米连作可使土壤中粉粒复合体含量、土壤及各级复合体的有机碳、氮、磷的含量有不同程度的提高,并可使粉粒复合体的有机碳贮量也相应增加;玉米连作时如果连年秋翻,可促进土壤有机质的分解,各级复合体的有机碳含量及粉粒复合体的数量均相对减少,很少秋翻的土壤的情况则与之相反;玉米连作年限的长短,对有机无机复合体组成、有机碳含量及其在各级复台体中的分配的影响,主要取决于土壤的耕作、施肥及管理水平,经常施用有机肥并很少秋翻条件下的玉米连作,有利于土壤有机质的保持与积累,并促进土壤肥力的提高。     

Aluminum solubility of strongly acidified allophanic Andosols from Kagoshima Prefecture,southern Japan

Abstract

The aluminum solubility of acidified soils both from furrows and under tree canopies of a tea garden was studied using equilibrium experiments in 0.01 mol L^?1 CaCl₂ solution systems. The soils were originally classified as allophanic Andosols. The furrow soils were more severely acidified because of the heavy application of nitrogen fertilizer, especially in the upper soil horizons (pH[H₂O] of 3.6–3.8 in the A1 and 2A2 horizons). These acidified soils were characterized by the dissolution of allophanic materials (allophane, imogolite and allophane-like materials) and by an increase in Al–humus complexes. Ion activity product (IAP) values of the strongly acidified soil horizons were largely undersaturated with respect to imogolite (allophanic clay) or gibbsite. Plots of p(Al³⁺) as a function of pH strongly indicated that Al solubility of the soils was largely controlled by Al–humus complexes, especially in the A1 horizon. In the canopy soils, which were more weakly acidified (pH[H₂O] 4.9–5.0), Al solubility was close to that of gibbsite and allophanic materials, indicating that the solubility is partly controlled by these minerals.