QRS complexes detection using quadratic b-spline wavelet transform algorithm

Aiming at the low accuracy and low adaptability of wave detection, a QRS complexes detection algorithm is proposed based on quadratic b-spline wavelet, while combined with binary search algorithm and arc approximating curve algorithm. The signal is decomposed with quadratic b-spline wavelet through Mallat algorithm and the R wave is detected by adjusting the threshold with binary search and modulus maximumizing. The T wave and P wave are detected by using arc approximating curve algorithm based on the least square. This algorithm is certified with the ECG signals from MIT-BIH database and is demonstrated that the algorithm enhanced the adaptability of R wave detection and improved the accuracy of T wave and P wave detection. The simulation experiment shows that the improved algorithm can effectively improve the automatic detection capabilities of ECG signals.     

Soils and their relationship to aspect and vegetation history in the eastern Southern Alps, Canterbury High Country, South Island, New Zealand

This study focuses on soils in a mountainous catchment area located in the eastern part of the Southern Alps, South Island, New Zealand. The objective was to check the soils for non- or poorly crystalline constituents (metal organic complexes, short-range-order minerals) and if there is a relationship between pedogenesis and aspect and more recent landscape history. The morphology of the soils indicates brown soils (dystric cambisols, dystrudepts) with only few signs of podsolisation. In contrast, selected chemical properties of the soils reveal very strong weathering and leaching. Fe_o/Fe_d ratios are high and exceeding 0.6 in almost every soil horizon. Oxalate-extractable aluminium and silicon show prominent peaks in the lower subsoil horizons with 1.76–2.52% Al_o and up to 0.68% for Si_o on southern aspects. This is considerably higher than the values measured for soils on northern aspects (0.59% to 1.07% Al_o, max. 0.26% Si_o). This aspect relationship is also applying to phosphate retention reaching values of more than 90% on southern aspects and not more than 70% for northern aspects. Additionally, significant movement of organic matter in soils on southern aspects is evident by measurements of organic carbon and pyrophosphate-extractable Al and Fe. Thus soil formation can be regarded as more advanced on southern aspects. Allophane in association with organic matter can be considered as an important constituent in southern aspect subsoils being responsible for the typical andic properties. Metal-humus complexes and ferrihydrite are of subordinate significance. Considering the actual soil forming conditions under scrub-grassland (esp. soil acidity), it is unlikely that weathering and leaching is still strong enough today to allow significant podsolisation and the formation of short-range-order minerals. Under consideration of existing soil data from other studies it is proposed that these components and the podsolisation features are relicts caused by more acidic conditions under former forest cover which supported a stronger weathering and leaching.     

Fluoro‐mobilization of metals in a Slovak forest soil affected by the emissions of an aluminum smelter

Depositions originating from a central Slovak Al smelter may increase metal solubility in adjacent soils because they contain F (mainly HF). The reason for fluoro‐mobilization of metals may be the formation of soluble fluoro‐metal complexes or the mobilization of organic matter and subsequent formation of organo‐metal complexes. The objectives of our work were (1) to assess the extent of metal mobilization by fluoride in a Slovak Lithic Eutrochrept affected by the emissions of an Al smelter and (2) to model the dissolved metal species with the help of a chemical equilibrium model (MINEQL+). The O (Moder), A, and B horizons were equilibrated with solutions at F concentrations of 0, 0.9, 2.7, and 9.0 mmol l^—1. In the extracts, the concentrations of Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), free and complexed F, and the pH and electrical conductivity (EC) were determined. The heavy metal concentrations in the O horizon (Cd: 0.99, Cr: 18.0, Cu: 44, Ni: 26, Pb: 110, and Zn: 84 mg kg^—1) were 2.5 to 9 times larger than those in the A and B horizons. The concentrations of H₂O‐soluble F decreased from the O (261 mg kg^—1) to the A (103 mg kg^—1) and B horizon (92 mg kg^—1). In batch experiments increasing addition of F increased the equilibrium concentrations of Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and DOC in all samples, of Cd in the A, and of K in the B horizon. At the same time the concentrations of complexed F and pH increased whereas EC decreased. Chemical equilibrium modelling indicated that the mobilizing effect of F resulted from the formation of fluoro‐Al complexes and organo‐complexes of all other metals.     

Adsorption–desorption of 2,4-D by hydroxy aluminium montmorillonite complexes

Adsorption–desorption characteristics of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on pure montmorillonite and synthetic chlorite-like complexes [Al(OH)_x-montmorillonite complexes, obtained by coating montmorillonite surfaces with different amounts of Al(OH)_x] were investigated. The equilibrium adsorption of 2,4-D was described by both Langmuir and Freundlich type isotherms. The extent of adsorption as well as the type of interaction between adsorbate and adsorbent was affected by the nature of incubation buffer and the charge characteristics of supports. At pH 5·6 and in acetate buffer, 2,4-D was negatively adsorbed by montmorillonite and herbicide adsorption capacity increased with increasing amounts of Al(OH)_x species loaded on montmorillonite surfaces. When adsorption experiments were performed at the same pH but in phosphate buffer, strong reductions of both the amount of adsorbed pesticide and its affinity for the adsorbents were measured. Evidently, phosphate anions competed strongly with 2,4-D anions for the sorption site on chlorite-like complexes. Furthermore, desorption tests revealed that a large amount (about 60%) of the pesticide was firmly bound to the clay and was not removed even after repeated washings or 24 h exposure to desorption solution. Both electrostatic interactions between the negative COO^- moieties of 2,4-D and the positive sites on clays, and ligand exchanges of COO^- groups with -OH or water at the clay surface were probably involved in the adsorption process. ©1997 SCI     

钌配合物[Ru(MeIm)4(4mopip]2+急定G-四链体对抑制肺癌细胞生长机制的研究

制备一种新型钌配合物[Ru(MeI m)_4(4mopip)]~(2+)(RuM e Mo),运用元素分析(C、H、N)、电喷雾电离质谱(ESI-MS)、核磁共振谱(~1H NMR)对Ru Me Mo进行了结构表征。紫外光谱、热变性试验和圆二色光谱研究RuM e Mo与F21T的分子作用机制,发现其能诱导线性G-四链体DNA形成混合型结构并能有效稳定G-四链体。MTT法评估RuM e Mo对癌细胞的抑制作用及其对正常细胞的毒性,发现其对肺癌细胞(A549)表现出高选择的抑制作用,而对正常人类肺原胚细胞(CDDP)则表现出较低的细胞毒性。本研究结果表明,RuM e Mo因其稳定G-四链体DNA的能力,从而有被运用于肺癌治疗的潜质。     

Aluminum toxicity of synthetic aluminum–humus complexes derived from non-allophanic and allophanic Andosols and its amelioration with allophanic materials

Natural non-allophanic Andosols often show aluminum (Al) toxicity to Al-sensitive plant roots. The significance of Al–humus complexes to Al toxicity has been emphasized. Allophanic Andosols also possess Al–humus complexes, but they rarely show any toxicity. In the present study, using model substances, we tested the toxicity of Al–humus complexes and its amelioration with allophanic materials. We extracted humic substances from the A horizons of a non-allophanic Andosol and an allophanic Andosol using a NaOH solution, and reacted the humic substances and partially neutralized AlCl₃ solution at pH 4. Allophanic material was purified from commercial Kanuma pumice. Plant growth tests were conducted using a medium containing the Al–humus complexes (50 g kg⁻¹), the allophanic material (0, 90, 180 and 360 g kg⁻¹) and perlite. The root growth of barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) and burdock ( Arctium lappa ) was reduced in the media containing the Al–humus complexes derived from both the non-allophanic and allophanic Andosols when the allophanic material was not added. With the addition of the allophanic materials, particularly in the 360 g kg⁻¹ treatment, the growth of the barley roots was improved markedly. Although the root growth of the burdock tended to improve with allophanic materials, the effect was weaker than that for barley. Monomeric Al in a solution of the medium was not detected (< 0.05 mg L⁻¹) following the addition of 360 g kg⁻¹ of allophanic materials, whereas 0.8–1.7 mg L⁻¹ Al was recorded without the allophanic material.     

基于bipppx(吡唑类)金属配合物的合成及抑菌性能研究

[目的]以双[3-（4-吡啶）吡唑基]-对二甲苯（bipppx）为配体与锌（Ⅱ）、镉（Ⅱ）、铜（Ⅱ）、钴（Ⅱ）的4种金属盐进行反应合成4种配合物,并对其进行抑菌活性研究。[方法]将配体bipppx溶于无水乙醇中,分别加入硝酸锌、乙酸镉、乙酸铜、乙酸钴,加热回流,过滤干燥得目标化合物;运用紫外光谱分析其配位情况;采用纸片法对其进行抑菌活性研究。[结果]抑菌活性试验结果表明,配体及配合物对大肠杆菌、产气杆菌的抑菌性较为明显,对金黄色葡萄球菌无明显抑菌作用,并且以bipppx-Co（Ⅱ）配合物的抑菌活性最佳。[结论]bipp-px金属配合物的制备为配位化学增添新的内容,良好的抑菌活性为其在农业、医药上的应用提供了依据。     

2-（2-呋喃基）苯并咪唑及其钴、镍配合物的合成

介绍以邻苯二胺、糠醛为原料合成2-（2-呋喃基）苯并咪唑的方法,研究反应物投料比、盐酸用量对产率的影响,并对已有的合成工艺、纯化方法进行优化。在最佳工艺条件下,2-（2-呋喃基）苯并咪唑的产率可达90．7％。此外,以2-（2-呋喃基）苯并咪唑作为配体,与过渡金属钴、镍的氯化物反应得到2：1型配合物,并进行EA,IR,NMR等表征。     

新型β-二酮类化合物及其金属配合物的合成、表征和抑菌活性

以l-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMP)为原料合成了l-苯基-3-甲基-4-乙酰基-5-吡唑啉酮(PMAP),进而以PMAP与不同金属醋酸盐合成了一系列新的配合物,并对PMAP及其配合物进行了红外、紫外表征和生物活性测试,发现在相同条件下,某些金属配合物的抑菌活性明显好于配体,尤其是PMAP-锌配合物的抑菌活性比较突出。     

Physico‐chemical characterization of humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes and their potential application to the manufacture of new types of phosphate‐based fertilizers

The aim of this review is to describe the main physicochemical characteristics of diverse types of humic‐metal‐phosphate acid complexes. The effects of these complexes on phosphorus (P) fixation in soils with different pH values and physicochemical features and on plant phosphorus uptake are also discussed. Humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes have apparent stability constants in the same range as those of metal‐humic complexes, in solutions with diverse pH and ionic‐strength values. Likewise, the molecular‐size distribution of humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes as a function of pH is similar to that of potassium or sodium humates and metal‐humic complexes. Humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes are able to decrease phosphate fixation in soils and increase plant growth and phosphate uptake. Phosphorus fertilizers containing humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes proved to be efficient to improve plant growth and P uptake with respect to conventional fertilizers such as single superphosphate. The values of parameters related to plant phosphorus‐utilization efficiency (PUt E) suggest that the regulation of root acquisition of phosphate from these complexes could involve the interregulation of a system for the optimization of metabolic P utilization in the shoot and another system involving stress responses of roots under phosphorus deficiency.