Carbon dioxide sequestration capability of an unmanaged old-growth broadleaf deciduous forest in a Strict Nature Reserve

The seasonal trend of plant carbon dioxide (CO₂) sequestration is related to the photosynthetic activity, which in turn changes in response to environmental conditions. Great interest has turned to the CO₂ sequestration (CS) potential of temperate forests which play an important role in global carbon (C) cycle contributing to the lowering of atmospheric CO₂ concentration. In such context, the CS of an unmanaged old broad-leaf deciduous forest developing inside a Strict Nature Reserve, and its variations during the year were analyzed considering the monthly variations of leaf area index (LAI) and net photosynthetic rates (N_P). Overall, the total yearly CS of the forest was 141 Mg CO₂ ha^?1 year^?1 with the highest CS value monitored in June (405 Mg CO₂ month^?1) due to the highest LAI (5.0 ± 0.8 m² m^?2) and a high N_P in all the broadleaf species. The first CS decline was observed in August due to the more stressful climatic conditions that constrained N_P rates. Overall, the total CS of the forest reflects the good ecological health of the ecosystem due to its conservative management.     

硬脂酸/TiO_2/CNF超疏水复合材料的制备与表征

研究了一种利用硬脂酸对纳米二氧化钛(Nano-TiO_2)和纤维素纳米纤维(CNF)复合物进行有机表面修饰的新方法,主要包括纳米二氧化钛、纤维素纳米纤维的制备和利用硬脂酸对Nano-TiO_2/CNF复合体系进行有机表面修饰制得超疏水材料三个工艺过程。通过傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)和场发射扫描电子镜(SEM)等对所得的样品进行表征,得出硬脂酸中的—COOH基团与TiO_2/CNF复合体系表面的—OH基团发生脱水反应,并将疏水性—CH_3基团引入复合体系中,复合体系表面构建的纳米级粗糙结构协同体系内引入的疏水基团使最终产物具有超疏水性。     

中国大中型沼气工程温室气体减排效益分析

大中型沼气工程是中国可再生能源建设的重点项目,可提供清洁能源、减轻农村环境污染,具有良好的环境效益,同时也可减少CO2、CH4等温室气体排放,缓解全球变暖趋势.该文根据国际通用的减排量计算方法,对1996～2005年间中国大中型沼气工程所带来的主要温室气体减排量和减排效益进行了计算分析.结果表明:2005年,中国大中型沼气工程减少CO2排放0.54×106～1.51×106t,减少CH4排放1.53×105t(CO2当量),以国际市场价格计,中国大中型沼气工程减少CO2和CH4排放可实现1.16×108～2.69×108元(RMB)的经济效益.根据<可再生能源中长期发展规划>预测,2010和2020年中国大中型沼气工程的CO2减排量可分别达到0.56×107～1.71×107 t和1.95×107～5.99×108 t,CH4减排量分别达到1.79×106 t和6.28×106 t,减少主要温室气体(CO2,CH4)排放的经济效益可分别达1.17×109～3.00×109元和0.41×1010～1.05×1010元.中国大中型沼气工程建设可有效减少CO2和CH4等温室气体的排放,基于清洁发展机制具有显著的经济效益.     

高密度二氧化碳对食品中蛋白质结构及其加工特性影响研究进展

非热加工技术已广泛应用于食品加工行业，高密度二氧化碳（dense phase carbon dioxide，DPCD）加工技 术作为一种新型的非热加工技术，因其无毒无害、能耗低、对食品品质影响小等特点，成为国内外食品加工技术研 究的焦点。蛋白质作为食品的重要组成成分，直接影响食品的风味、质构及营养。本文简要介绍DPCD加工技术概 况和特点，总结关于DPCD对蛋白质结构及加工特性影响和DPCD钝酶作用的最新研究进展，展望了DPCD加工技术 的发展前景，为今后非热加工技术应用于食品加工提供重要研究思路。     

二氧化碳浓度升高对茶树生理代谢的影响及应对技术

大气中的二氧化碳(CO2)浓度升高是工业革命以来全球范围内最重要的生态变化之一,将直接影响植物的生长发育和代谢过程。尽管CO2浓度升高对粮食作物的影响已经得到了广泛的研究,但其对茶树等重要经济作物的影响却很少受到关注。本文回顾和总结了CO2浓度升高对茶树的初级代谢(包括光合作用、呼吸作用和碳氮代谢)和次级代谢的影响,并探讨了CO2浓度升高环境下茶叶生产过程中的应对技术,旨在为CO2浓度升高背景下茶树优质高产栽培提供一定的理论基础和科学依据。     

新疆冬季密闭羊舍的空气质量分析

对一栋密闭式羊舍内的空气质量进行了观测及分析,结果表明:在舍内0.6m、1.6m和3.0m的不同高度层中,氨气的平均浓度分别35.0mg/m3、36.7mg/m3和44.2 mg/m3,其中3.0m显著高于0.6m、1.6m(P<0.05),0.6m、1.6m之间差异不显著(P>0.05);硫化氢的平均浓度分别为0.0039mg/m30、.0027 mg/m3和0.0030mg/m3,各层浓度间差异均不显著(P>0.05);二氧化碳的平均浓度分别为2571mg/m3、2593mg/m3和2581mg/m3,各层浓度间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。舍内NH3、H2S、CO2气体呈现一定的昼夜变化,三种气体白天的平均浓度均低于夜间。而舍内各环境因素之间存在一定的相关关系,其中温度高低对舍内NH3与CO2气体的含量有明显的影响,舍内空气湿度的变化对TSP、PM10的含量和粪便含水量对舍内NH3的含量亦有明显的影响,它们之间均存在显著的相关性。     

番杏光合特性的研究

以番杏为试验材料,对其功能叶片的光合特性进行了研究.通过控光、控温、控二氧化碳进行光响应曲线、温度响应曲线和二氧化碳响应曲线的测定.结果表明:番杏的光饱和点在1800 μmol·m-2左右,光补偿点为67 μmol·m-2·s-1;光合作用的适宜温度范围为30～35℃,最适温度为35℃;二氧化碳的饱和点范围为1800～2000μmol/mol,二氧化碳的补偿点为61μmol/mol.     

Regulatory effects of spirolactone on SiO2-induced lung macrophage subtype switching

AIM: To investigate the influence of spirolactone (SPI) on mouse pulmonary macrophage subtype switching induced by silicon dioxide (SiO₂). METHODS: C57BL/6 mice were divided into normal saline (NS) group, SiO₂ group, SiO₂+SPI group and SiO₂+NS group. A mouse model of silicosis was developed with crystalline SiO₂ particles (40 mg/kg, via oropharyngeal instillation). SPI (20 mg/kg) or (NS) was delivered daily by oral gavage after SiO₂ administration. The mice were sacrificed on days 3, 14 and 28. Alveolar washing, total cell counting, differential cell counting and flow cytometry analysis were performed. The right lower lobe of lavaged lungs was collected to prepare single-cell suspension for flow cytometry analysis. RESULTS: Compared with SiO₂ group, SPI treatment significantly alleviated SiO₂-induced inflammatory cell accumulation in brochoalveolar lavage fluid on day 3 and 14. Compared with NS group, the M1 alveolar macrophages and M1 pulmonary interstitial macrophages in SiO₂ group switched to M2 subtype dramatically, while SPI treatment reversed the switching effectively.CONCLUSION: SPI treatment alleviates SiO₂-induced inflammatory cell accumulation, which may be related to reversing macrophage subtype switching.     

Research on TiO 2 Tiny Powders by Freeze drying

In this paper,the recent advance of the study on the method of freeze drying to produce tiny powders abroad is introduced.Meanwhile,the features of the study are reviewed.We try to produce TiO 2 tiny powder by this method,and try to find the optimal technology parameters(cooling rate,cooling medium),and produce some nanometer materials.     

Photosynthetic responses in spring wheat grown under elevated CO2 concentrations and stress conditions in the European, multiple-site experiment ‘ESPACE-wheat’

Spring wheat cv. Minaret crop stands were grown under ambient and elevated CO₂ concentrations at seven sites in Germany, Ireland, the UK, Belgium and the Netherlands. Six of the sites used open-top chambers and one used a controlled environment mimicking field conditions. The effect of elevated CO₂ for a range of N application regimes, O₃ concentrations, and growth temperatures on flag leaf photosynthesis was studied. Before anthesis, flag leaf photosynthesis was stimulated about 50% by 650 compared with 350 μmol mol⁻¹ CO₂ at all sites, regardless of other treatments. Furthermore, there was no evidence of a decrease in photosynthetic capacity of flag leaves due to growth at elevated CO₂ before anthesis, even for low N treatments. However, photosynthetic capacity, particularly carboxylation capacity, of flag leaves was usually decreased by growth at elevated CO₂ after anthesis, especially in low N treatments. Acclimation of photosynthesis to elevated CO₂ therefore appears to occur only slowly, consistent with a response to changes in sink–source relationships, rather than a direct response. Effect of elevated CO₂ on stomatal conductance was much more variable between sites and treatments, but on average was decreased by ˜10% at 650 compared with 350 μmol mol⁻¹ CO₂. Carboxylation capacity of flag leaves was decreased by growth at elevated O₃ both before and after anthesis, regardless of CO₂ concentration.