Combined effects of sodium chlorite dip treatment and chitosan coatings on the quality of fresh-cut d’Anjou pears

This study evaluated the effects of sodium chlorite (SC) alone and its sequential treatment with edible coatings on browning inhibition and quality maintenance of fresh-cut d’Anjou pears. Edible coatings were prepared from chitosan (CH) and its water-soluble derivative carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCH), separately. Pear wedges were immersed in SC solution, followed by coating with CH or CMCH solutions. The samples were packed in unsealed bags and stored at 4 °C for subsequent color, firmness, and weight loss measurement. The effects of the SC and coating treatments on polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibition and microbial inactivation were also evaluated. Results indicated that SC exhibited significant (P < 0.05) inhibition of browning and PPO activity. The SC treatment was also strongly effective in inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 on pear slices. Coating SC-treated pear slices with CH adversely affected the quality of pear slices by accelerating the discoloration of cut surfaces and increasing the PPO activity. On the contrary, coating SC-treated samples with CMCH significantly prevented the browning reaction and inhibited PPO activity. In addition, SC and CH/CMCH coatings maintained tissue firmness and did not affect weight loss. Our study may provide a scientific basis for the use of SC + CMCH treatment as an alternative preservation treatment for fresh-cut fruits and vegetables.     

壳聚糖在荔枝果酒澄清中的应用研究

研究了壳聚糖对荔枝果酒的澄清作用,比较了荔枝果酒用壳聚糖处理前后的主要成分的变化.结果表明,经壳聚糖处理后可溶性固形物、酚类物质、可溶性蛋白质、果胶、酒精度、色度等均有不同程度的下降,透光率提高.当壳聚糖用量为0.6 g.L-1时对荔枝果酒的澄清效果最好,且具有很好的生物稳定性,说明壳聚糖是一种有效的荔枝果酒澄清剂.     

壳聚糖对异育银鲫生长和饲料消化率的影响

采用单因子试验设计方法,试验分成4组进行,对照组和3个试验组,每组3个重复.对照组投喂基础饲料,3个试验组分别投喂在基础饲料中添加0.25%壳聚糖、0.50%壳聚糖和1.00%壳聚糖的试验饲料,自然水温下饲养异育银鲫Carassius auratus gibelio 50尾/池[初始体质量为(78.31±2.15)g].64 d后,采用国标常规方法测定异育银鲫肌肉的营养成分,采用国标间接法(以Cr2O3为外源指示剂)测定饲料能量和营养成分消化率,并计算特定生长率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率、蛋白质沉积率、白肌RNA/DNA,旨在探讨壳聚糖对异育银鲫生长、饲料营养成分和能量消化率及利用率的影响.结果表明,饲料中添加0.50%以上的壳聚糖可以显著提高异育银鲫的特定生长率(P<0.05)、蛋白质消化率(P<0.05)和白肌RNA/DNA(P<0.05),显著降低异育银鲫对饲料脂肪的消化率(P<0.05).添加0.50%壳聚糖可以显著降低异育银鲫的饲料系数(P<0.05),显著提高蛋白质效率和肌肉中的蛋白质沉积率(P<0.05),显著提高异育银鲫对饲料能量的消化率(P<0.05).添加0.25%和0.50%壳聚糖可以显著提高鱼体肌肉中的灰分含量(P<0.05).由此看来,在饲料中添加0.50%壳聚糖可以提高蛋白质和能量的消化率和利用率,从而降低饲料系数、促进异育银鲫的生长.     

壳聚糖和抗坏血酸复合处理提高台湾青枣采后保鲜效果

为了延长台湾青枣(Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)的采后保鲜时间,基于抗坏血酸(ascorbic acid,As A)可提高果实抗氧化能力,壳聚糖涂膜处理能防止果实失水和微生物侵染,该文探讨抗坏血酸、壳聚糖涂膜及抗坏血酸和壳聚糖复合处理对台湾青枣(Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)采后保鲜效果的影响.果实采收后当天,分别用30.0mmol/L抗坏血酸浸泡处理、8g/L壳聚糖涂膜以及30.0mmol/L抗坏血酸浸泡后并用8g/L壳聚糖涂膜复合处理,以双蒸水浸泡处理为对照,处理结束后,置于(25±1)℃和90%~95%相对湿度下贮藏,定期测定果实相关生理参数,扫描电镜观察果皮果实组织结构.结果表明,与对照相比,抗坏血酸或壳聚糖单独处理虽然对台湾青枣保鲜有一定效果,但复合处理后保鲜效果更好.表现为显著减少果实失水率和相对电导率(P<0.05),抑制果皮叶绿素降解及果实果胶酶和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性增加,降低原果胶分解成可溶性果胶的速率(P<0.05),使果实硬度和细胞完整性得以维持;延缓果实超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性下降,降低膜脂氧化速率,果实过氧化氢和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛含量显著下降(P<0.05);维持果实较高的可溶性固形物(total soluble solids,SS)、可溶性总糖(total soluble sugar,TSS)、可滴定酸(titratable acidity,TA)、谷胱甘肽(glutathione,GSH)及抗坏血酸含量.研究结果说明,抗坏血酸和壳聚糖复合处理可提高台湾青枣贮藏过程中的抗氧化能力,降低氧化伤害;降低果实失水率,减缓果皮叶绿素降解速率,延缓细胞降解和软化速率,维持果实细胞完整性,降低果实的腐烂率,从而达到延长采后果实保鲜的效果.     

从金龟子中提取壳聚糖的研究

以分布广泛、壳聚糖含量高的白星花金龟 (Potosia(L iocola) brevitarsis L ewis)为材料 ,以单因素试验方法进行了获得较高粘度壳聚糖提取工艺的试验研究。提出了壳聚糖的提取工艺 :1脱矿物质。用 0 .30 mol/LHCl预先加热 (70～ 80℃ ) 30 min,然后室温 (2 0℃ )条件下浸泡 12～ 2 4 h。2脱蛋白质、脂类。用 1.2 5～ 3.75 mol/LNa OH在 90～ 10 0℃下处理 4～ 6 h。 3脱乙酰基。用 10～ 11.2 5 m ol/L Na OH在 130℃下处理 3h     

壳聚糖饲用微生物制剂对湘黄鸡免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响

在不用药物、不接种疫苗的条件下,于饮水中添加0（CK）,0．5％,1．0％和1．5％的以壳聚糖为培养底物研制的壳聚糖饲用微生物制剂饲喂湘黄鸡,探讨其对湘黄鸡免疫指标和肠道菌群的影响效果．结果表明,试验组脾脏指数有上升趋势（Jp〈0．25）,法氏囊指数和胸腺指数显著提高（p〈0．05）;试验组血液中IgG含量呈上升趋势（P〈0．25）,T3,T4和IgA含量也显著提高（P〈0．05或（p〈0．01）;试验组盲肠中大肠杆菌显著减少,而乳酸杆菌显著增加（P〈0．01）．同时在日增重和育成率上,试验组提高率达9．31％（p〈0．01）和7．01％（p〈O．05）,表明该制剂通过促进免疫器官发育,增强T3,T4,IgA,IgG分泌和改善肠道微生态环境,从而提高试鸡的抗病力和生长性能．     

壳聚糖对Cd2+和Pb2+的吸附作用

为开发新型吸附剂,降低重金属对水体的污染,研究了壳聚糖对Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺的吸附条件,探讨了pH、温度、反应时间、壳聚糖添加量和金属离子初始浓度等因素对壳聚糖吸附性能的影响。结果表明,pH 7~8和pH 5~6条件下壳聚糖对Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺的吸附能力最强;低温有利于壳聚糖的吸附;在8 h时壳聚糖对Cd²⁺的吸附容量达到最大,而对Pb²⁺的吸附在实验时间内是随着吸附时间的延长而增大;随着壳聚糖添加量的增加,其对Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺的吸附能力也增强;初始金属离子浓度的变化对Cd²⁺的影响不大,而在高的金属浓度下对Pb²⁺的吸附率显著降低。壳聚糖对Cd²⁺、Pb²⁺的吸附动力学和热力学分别符合Lagergren方程二级吸附模型和Langmuir吸附方程。研究表明,壳聚糖对不同金属离子的吸附能力不同,在单一金属溶液中,壳聚糖对Cd²⁺的吸附能力要强于对Pb²⁺的吸附能力。系统地研究了壳聚糖对Cd²⁺和Pb²⁺的吸附条件及性能,为壳聚糖作为重金属吸附剂的应用提供理论依据。     

甲壳素、壳聚糖对家禽生产性能及脂肪代谢的影响

本文就甲壳素、壳聚糖的发现、来源、制备、结构和性质;甲壳素、壳聚糖对家禽生产性能及脂肪代谢的影响;甲壳素和壳聚糖的降脂机理及今后的研究发展方向进行综述。     

Further suppression of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Botrytis cinerea</Emphasis> disease in cucumber seedlings by chitosan-copper complex as compared with chitosan alone

Chitosan-copper complex compared with chitosan alone enhanced suppression ofBotrytis cinerea rot development on four-true-leaf cucumber seedlings in controlled growth chambers. This paper constitutes the first report of such enhancement. The optimal concentrations for the most effective suppression ofBotrytis development were 0.2 gl ⁻¹ chitosan and 1.6 mmole copper. After 12 days’ incubation, marked and significantly better disease suppression was obtained with chitosan-copper complex (75% suppression) than with chitosan alone. The chitosan-copper complex could be a very promising decay control agent for use in both conventional and organic agriculture. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 18, 2002.     

不同脱乙酰度壳聚糖对肉仔鸡肠道菌群的影响

1日龄AA肉仔鸡250只,随机分为5组,每组设5个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组(Ⅰ)喂给基础日粮,试验组(Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)分别在基础日粮中添加脱乙酰度为82.5%、86.2%、90.5%和95.3%的壳聚糖10g/kg。试验期7周。试验结果表明:不同脱乙酰度壳聚糖对肉仔鸡肠道菌群的影响不同,在21日龄,脱乙酰度82.5%壳聚糖组能显著抑制盲肠大肠杆菌的增殖(P<0.05),各壳聚糖组均能不同程度地促进盲肠乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌的增殖,其中脱乙酰度90.5%、95.3%壳聚糖组对双歧杆菌数量的影响差异显著(P<0.05);35日龄,各组盲肠大肠杆菌和双歧杆菌数量无显著差异;脱乙酰度82.5%和86.2%壳聚糖组与对照组相比能促进盲肠乳酸杆菌的增殖,且差异显著(P<0.05)。