提高猪肉风味的饲料对育肥猪血液生化指标的影响

选择临床健康、70日龄的杜长大三元杂交仔猪60头,随机分成试验组和对照组,每组30头。对照组只喂给基础日粮,试验组饲喂提高猪肉风味的饲料,两组均在同一条件下,按常规方法饲养管理,饲喂90d结束试验。试验结束后,空腹耳静脉采血,离心分离血清,测定血清中14项生化指标。试验结果表明,提高猪肉风味的饲料对肥育猪血液各项生化指标无明显影响。     

干露胁迫对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)呼吸代谢相关酶的影响

为了研究离水干露对脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)呼吸代谢能力的影响,以常温干露(22-24℃)、低温干露(4℃)2个实验组和1个对照组进行脊尾白虾干露胁迫实验,于胁迫后60、90、120、180 min取组织,测定琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、细胞色素氧化酶(CCO)、延胡索酸还原酶(FRD)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)4种呼吸代谢酶活力和乳酸含量.结果显示,常温干露组肝胰腺、鳃、肌肉SDH和CCO活力随干露时间的延长而降低,且显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);FRD、LDH活力和肌肉乳酸含量随胁迫时间的延长呈先升高后降低趋势,且显著高于对照组(P＜0.05).低温干露组在胁迫60 min时,各组织呼吸代谢酶活力和肌肉乳酸含量与对照组无显著差异(P＞0.05),之后的变化趋势和常温干露组相同.常温干露组和低温干露组中肝胰腺和鳃SDH/FRD比值的变化幅度大于肌肉.研究表明,脊尾白虾通过提高无氧代谢来应对干露胁迫;低温干露下的脊尾白虾在胁迫早期可以维持有氧呼吸,肝胰腺和鳃比肌肉对干露胁迫更加敏感.     

Tuna viscera protein hydrolysate: nutritive and disease resistance properties for Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus L.) larvae

The effect of fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) on the growth, feed utilization, digestive enzymes, gut microflora and resistance to bacterial challenge in Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) larvae during a 45‐day feeding trial has been investigated. Artificial diets containing different levels of tuna visceral protein hydrolysate (PH0, PH10, PH25 and PH50) and live foods (Artemia: 5 days, Daphnia: 40 days) were fed to Persian sturgeon larvae. Larvae fed on the PH10 and PH25 had growth, feed utilization, protein content and trypsin activity significantly better than PH0 and PH50 groups (P < 0.05). Condition factors, survival rate and pepsin activity were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Brush border membrane enzymes to cytosolic enzyme ratio revealed that maturation had been occurred in 41 days post hatch (dph) at moderate FPH levels. In 54 dph larvae, this ratio was not affected by the level of FPH in the diet. No significant differences were observed in the total number of gut microflora or in the resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila (P > 0.05), whereas lactic acid bacteria was significantly higher in PH50 (P < 0.05). The results of this study show that application of moderate levels of FPH in Persian sturgeon diets could enhance larvae performance due to the early maturation in intestinal.     

海洋贝类体液防御机制的研究进展

近几年，随着人们将海洋贝类作为食物的兴趣日益浓厚，科学家们对贝类及其防御机制的研究也越来越深入，对它们在生态、社会、经济、营养等方面的作用以及它们的致病微生物的特性进行了大量研究。双壳贝类由于其滤食习性，使它们体内蓄积了大量细菌，成为人类致病菌的积极携带者。因此，研究贝类与微生物之间的相互作用对维护人类健康有重要意义。     

外源性Vc对普安银鲫仔鱼抗氧化酶活性的影响

将维生素C添加到普安银鲫的孵化水体中,维生素C浓度设置为20、25、30和35 mg/L,记录孵化率及仔鱼存活率,测定各浓度组中普安银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)仔鱼发育过程中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性,研究维生素C(Vc)对普安银鲫仔鱼发育的影响。结果显示:SOD和CAT的活性随着普安银鲫仔鱼发育时间的延长而增加,而GSH-Px活性则随着发育时间的延长而降低;30 mg/L的Vc溶液能显著(P0.05)提高普安银鲫仔鱼SOD、CAT和GSH-Px活性,且SOD的活性在出膜72 h后开始显著降低(P0.05),而CAT和GSH-Px则无显著变化(P0.05)。结果表明:普安银鲫仔鱼中抗氧化作用以SOD和CAT为主;适宜浓度的Vc添加到普安银鲫的育苗水体中能提高仔鱼的抗氧化能力。     

菲律宾蛤仔对镉、铜暴露的蓄积作用及其抗氧化酶系统的响应研究

研究了镉（Cd）、铜（Cu）2种重金属单一暴露下菲律宾蛤仔（Ruditapes philippinarum）肝胰腺和鳃组织内的重金属富集特征和抗氧化酶活力变化特点。结果表明,蛤仔肝胰腺与鳃对Cd、Cu的富集量随重金属浓度与暴靠时间的增加而增火,具有明显的浓度效应与时间效应;菲律宾蛤仔对Cd的富集能力高于Cu,H．肝胰腺中审盖属的蓄积量高于鳃;蛤仔肝胰腺和鳃组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱廿肽过氧化物酶（（;Px）和谷胱竹肽硫转移酶（CST）活力在暴露的某些时段被显著诱导（P〈0．05）,似随暴露时问延长或重金属浓度增加,SODf11GST活力则被显著抑制（P〈O．05）,而CPx活力随暴露时问延K逐渐恢复至对照组水平、菲律宾蛤仔肝胰腺和鳃2种组织中SOD和GST的活性变化可作为海洋Cu^2＋Cd^2＋钙染的牛物标志物．     

温度对施氏鲟幼鱼摄食、生长和肠道消化酶活性的影响

研究不同养殖温度(15℃、18℃、21℃、24℃、27℃)对施氏鲟(Acipenser schrenckii)幼鱼摄食、生长和肠道消化酶活性的影响。结果表明,在15～24℃范围内,幼鱼的特定生长率(SGR)和相对增重率(RWG)随温度的升高而显著增加(P<0.05),均在24℃时达到最高值;随着温度升高,其饵料系数(FC)先降低后升高(P<0.05),且在24℃时达到最小值;此外,摄食率(FR)随着温度的升高而显著升高(P<0.05),其不同温度组的生长速度由高到低依次为24℃、21℃、27℃、18℃、15℃组。温度对幼鱼前肠蛋白酶活性影响显著,24℃组和27℃组前肠的蛋白酶活性显著低于15℃组(P<0.05),而温度对中肠和后肠蛋白酶活性则无显著性影响(P>0.05);温度对幼鱼肠道脂肪酶活性无显著性影响(P>0.05),各温度组前肠脂肪酶活性均高于中肠和后肠;温度对幼鱼肠道淀粉酶活性无显著性影响(P>0.05)。综合以上结果认为,施氏鲟幼鱼快速生长的适宜温度范围为21～24℃,在此温度范围内施氏鲟幼鱼可获得最大生长率和存活率。     

Dietary simultaneous replacement of fish meal and fish oil with blends of plant proteins and vegetable oils in yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus latus) fry: Growth,digestive enzymes,antioxidant status and skin mucosal immunity

A 56‐day nutritional research was performed to examine the influence of alternative vegetal protein and lipid sources on performance of yellowfin seabream fry (Acanthopagrus latus) (0.5 ± 0.0 g). In this regard, five isoproteic (Ca. 500 g/kg) and isolipidic (Ca. 150 g/kg) diets were formulated in which fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) were simultaneously replaced with blends of plant proteins (PP, soybean meal and corn gluten) and vegetal oils (VO, canola and soybean oils) at 20% (SR20), 40% (SR40), 60% (SR40) and 80% (SR80) levels, respectively; meanwhile, a control diet (SR0) was formulated based on FM and FO. Growth and feed utilization were not influenced by experimental diets. The fatty acid profile of fillet drastically altered by dietary treatments. Fish fed with the SR60 and SR80 feeds had higher total protease, trypsin and α‐amylase activities than other treatments. The antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione content in liver were enhanced in fish fed with the SR40, SR60 and SR80 diets. Skin mucosal immune parameters including total protein content, alkaline phosphatase and alternative complement pathway activities in the control group were relatively lower than the vegetal treatments. According to these results, it is recommended that 410 g/kg of FM and 45 g of FO/kg can be replaced with alternative vegetal sources in diet for A. latus fry.     

旱涝急转对不同花生品种生理生化指标的影响

为探讨旱涝急转对花生生理生化的影响,以不同旱涝耐性的3个花生品种中花8号（抗旱）、豫花15（耐涝）和湘花2008（旱涝兼耐）为材料,进行不同梯度的先旱、后涝连续处理,比较不同花生品种的叶片相对含水量,过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性,以及丙二醛（MDA）含量的变化情况。结果表明,在旱、涝急转的胁迫过程中,干旱对叶片相对含水量的影响甚于湿涝。一定强度的旱或涝胁迫总体上均可使花生叶片的4种抗氧化酶POD、SOD、CAT、GR活性提高,随着胁迫的加深活性降低,复水后活性回落至对照水平,且旱甚于涝。MDA含量总体变化趋势是干旱胁迫下各品种花生叶片中MDA含量有所升高,并于复水解除干旱胁迫后恢复至对照水平;而湿涝处理阶段,MDA含量呈直线上升趋势,在胁迫解除后有所降低。中花8号、豫花15、湘花2008等3个花生品种具有显著不同的水分适应性,中花8号抗旱性更强而耐涝性较弱,豫花15抗旱性较弱而耐涝性强,湘花2008抗旱性中等而耐涝性更强,为水分广适性品种。     

外源ABA对冬小麦越冬期呼吸代谢关键酶与糖代谢的影响

为探讨外源ABA对低温胁迫下冬小麦幼苗呼吸代谢的影响,以抗寒品种东农冬麦1号和冷敏感品种济麦22为材料,测定和分析了小麦三叶期叶面喷施ABA(浓度10-5 mol·L-1,剂量为每4 m2喷施1 L)后越冬期叶片和分蘖节在低温胁迫下碳水化合物含量、糖酵解代谢酶及三羧酸循环代谢酶活性的变化.结果表明,越冬期间随温度的降低,两个小麦品种的叶片和分蘖节中可溶性总糖和淀粉含量先升后降;参与糖酵解代谢的丙酮酸激酶、己糖激酶、磷酸果糖激酶及三羧酸循环代谢酶的活性在对照叶片中均先升后降,但在分蘖节中的变化则不尽相同.外源ABA处理使低温下两个小麦品种叶片和分蘖节积累更多的可溶性糖和淀粉,并且不同程度地提高了两个品种叶片及分蘖节中丙酮酸激酶、己糖激酶及磷酸果糖激酶的活性,尤其在最低温-25℃时明显抑制这几种酶活性的降低,这种影响在抗寒性强的东农冬麦1号中更明显;在低温胁迫后期抑制了三羧酸循环代谢酶和丙酮酸脱氢酶活性的降低,使其保持在相对较高的水平.外源ABA对碳水化合物积累的促进作用有利于植株呼吸和ATP合成维持在较高水平,进而提高低温下植株存活能力.