Effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage on growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs

We measured the growth performance and meat quality of 10 crossbred (Yorkshire × Duroc × Landrace) neutered male pigs to evaluate the effects of apple pomace‐mixed silage (APMS). The pigs were divided into two groups and were respectively fed the control feed and the AMPS ad libitum during the experiment. No difference was found in the finished body weight, average daily gain, carcass weight, back fat thickness or dressing ratio between the control and the AMPS treatments, but average dairy feed intake (dry matter) was significantly lower and feed efficiency was significantly higher using the APMS treatment (P < 0.05). With regard to meat quality, the APMS increased the moisture content but decreased the water holding capacity (P < 0.05) compared with the control treatment. Furthermore, the APMS affected the fatty acid composition of the back fat by increasing linoleic acid (C18:2n6), linolenic acid (C18:3) and arachidic acid (C20:0) levels, while decreasing palmitic acid (C16:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1) and heptadecenoic acid (C17:1) levels, compared with the control treatment. These results indicate that feeding fermented apple pomace to finishing pigs increases the feed efficiency and affects the meat quality and fatty acid composition of back fat.     

Effect of urea supplementation on performance and safety in diets of Dorper crossbred sheep

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dietary urea in sheep rations having a 50:50 concentrate:roughage ratio. Sixty‐four Dorper × thin‐tailed Han crossbred ram lambs with an average body weight of 30.8 (±0.02) kg were randomly divided into four groups of 16 sheep each, and each group was fed one of the following diets: a basal diet (CON), or CON supplemented with 0.5% (0.5UTM), 1.5% (1.5UTM) or 2.5% (2.5UTM) urea. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, non‐carcass offals, meat quality and peptic tissue lesions were assayed. The average daily weight gains for CON, 0.5UTM, 1.5UTM and 2.5UTM were 216, 218, 200 and 170 g, respectively, with the CON and 0.5UTM groups higher than 2.5UTM group (p < 0.05). Sheep from the 2.5UTM treatment had a significantly lower dry matter intake (1.29 kg/day) than those from the CON and 0.5UTM treatments (1.42 and 1.43 kg/day, p < 0.05), and the feed conversion ratio in the 2.5UTM group was the highest (p < 0.05). Carcass characteristics, including shrunk body weight, empty body weight, hot carcass weight, dress percentage, and the absolute or relative weight (% body weight) of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, were not altered by the treatments (p > 0.05). The muscular pH of 2.5UTM was higher than that of CON (5.68 vs. 5.52, p < 0.05), and shear force in 0.5UTM was lower compared with CON and 2.5UTM (p < 0.05). The anatomical structure lesions in kidneys became more serious with the increasing dietary urea concentrations, with the 2.5UTM animals showing the most severe lesions compared with CON animals. Therefore, supplementary urea as a non‐protein nitrogen source for sheep should not exceed 1.5% of ration having a 50:50 concentrate:roughage ratio to ensure efficacy and safety.     

Content and distribution of different phosphorus forms in broiler chickens

To understand the background value of phosphorus in chickens, the quantitative distribution of different phosphorus forms, including total phosphorus (TP), free phosphate (FP) and phospholipid (PL), in viscera, blood and bones of broiler chickens was investigated. Results showed that phosphorus contents exhibited significant differences in different parts of chickens. TP content of breast and thigh meat was over 5.0 g/kg, in which most of the phosphorus was in the form of water‐soluble phosphates. TP content in viscera was higher than that in meat, and spleen was observed to contain the highest amount of phosphorus (10.0 g/kg). In all tested organs, FP and PL contents in liver were the highest, ranging between 1207–1989 and 81–369 mg/kg respectively. TP content in chicken bone was in the range of 52 716–136 643 mg/kg, and FP content in the bone was relatively lower than that in chicken meat.     

Effects of Compound Plant Nutrients on Rumen Fermentation Parameters,Rumen Microbiota and Fatty Acid Composition of Longissimus dorsi Muscle in Finishing Small Tail Han Sheep北大核心CSCD

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of compound p1ant nutrients (CPN) on rumen fermentation parameters, rumen microbiota and fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e in finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep. Sixteen 4-month-o1d finishing sma11 tai1 Han sheep with an initia1 body weight (BW) of (24.18±0.31) kg were random1y divided into two groups, name1y, with 8 rep1icates per group and 1 sheep per rep1icate. The sheep in the contro1 group were fed a basa1 diet, whereas the sheep of the contro1 group (CPN group) was fed the basa1 diet supp1ementation with 3‰ CPN. The experiment 1asted for 97 days after 7 days adaption. The resu1ts showed as fo11ows: compared with the contro1 group, 1) adding CPN decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) (P<0.05); 2) CPN supp1ementation affected beta diversity of rumen microbiota; 3) the re1ative abundance of Acidobacteriota, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Lactobacillus, and Megasphaera were enhanced by adding CPN (P<0.05), whereas, the re1ative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Prevotella was 1ower (P<0.05); 4) the supp1ementation of CPN had no significant effect on fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi musc1e of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep (P>0.05); 5) the contents of tota1 MUFA, C18:1n9c, C14:1, C16:1, C18:2n6c, C18:3n3 and n-3PUFA in the longissimus dorsi musc1e were corre1ated with the re1ative abundance of Megasphaera, Erysipe1otrichaceae_UCG-002, Succiniclasticum and Ruminococcus (P<0.05). In conc1usion, CPN can regu1ate the rumen microbiota structure and reduce the rumen NH3-N concentration of fattening sma11-tai1ed Han sheep. In production practice, CPN can be used as a rumen eco1ogica1 regu1ator. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

微波解冻与午餐肉罐头的生产

详述了首次在国内午餐肉罐头生产中采用的微波解冻系统科技成果的实施情况、系统操作与安全控制特点以及运行条件。探讨微波解冻技术支持下,无亚硝酸钠午餐肉罐头的生产工艺原理及其品质卓越的原因。     

注水肉无损检测技术现状与发展趋势分析

针对目前市场上注水肉现象加重问题,有必要研究注水肉的检测技术。首先对注水肉的传统检测方法进行简要论述,分析总结了传统方法的弊端;然后对现阶段肉品含水率的4种主要无损检测方法:生物电阻抗法、核磁共振方法、超声波法和近红外光谱法的研究现状及特点进行了总结分析,着重叙述了近红外光谱技术在肉品含水率及品质检测中的研究情况及技术特点,提出了未来技术发展方向。     

论我国肉羊生产的前景及意义

虽然我们的羊肉在质量等到方面与国外有一定的差距,但也有我们自身的优势。生产成本、价格、劳动力资源等从地缘、竞争对手、进口国、出口价格等考虑,均有竞争优势,发展前景很好。     

高通量测序解析冰鲜刀鲚细菌群落变化特征

为了研究养殖刀鲚冰鲜保存过程中细菌群落组成及变化情况,采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序方法对冰鲜条件不同贮藏时间（0、3、6、9、12、15、18 d）刀鲚肌肉样本细菌的16S rRNA基因的2个高变区（V3—V4）进行测序,比较其细菌多样性及门、属水平的细菌相对丰度,并进行主成分分析、Heatmap分析以及特定腐败菌分析。结果显示,7组样品细菌分布于40门787属,冰鲜条件下刀鲚肌肉的优势致腐败菌属为假单胞菌、微杆菌属和气单胞菌属。主成分分析显示,刀鲚腐败前后的微生物结构存在差异。Heatmap图分析显示新鲜样本的细菌丰度最大。3组冰鲜贮藏6 d前的样品群落结构较相似。贮藏12 d时常见致腐菌（微杆菌属、假单胞菌属、气单胞菌属）占比显著提高,其细菌的多样性及丰富度最低。随着冰鲜保存时间的延长,刀鲚肌肉的细菌菌落结构产生了动态变化。冰鲜保存6～9 d后刀鲚肌肉的细菌菌落结构变化较大,研究结果可以为预测冰鲜刀鲚货架期提供参考。     

红肉火龙果不同品种的果实品质和氨基酸组成比较

摘 要:为了综合评价广西主栽的不同红肉火龙果品种的果实品质特性和氨基酸组成,以金都1号、大红、蜜宝、美龙3号四个品种为研究对象,对其果实品质和氨基酸组分及含量等指标进行全面系统的比较,旨在为火龙果的种植生产、加工和食用等提供理论依据。结果表明：4个火龙果品种果实外形端正,色泽鲜艳,品质佳,其中金都1号果实最大,美龙3号最小;金都1号和蜜宝的果形为近圆形,大红和美龙3号为椭圆形;萼片都是三角形,金都1号和大红较长,蜜宝较短;萼片数最多的是大红,最少的是蜜宝;果皮最厚的是美龙3号,最薄的是蜜宝;可食率最高的是蜜宝;金都1号果实的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、还原糖、可滴定酸、维生素C、甜味氨基酸、苏氨酸、蛋氨酸和脯氨酸的含量以及必需氨基酸在总氨基酸中的比例最高,大红的17种氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸、半必需氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸、芳香族氨基酸、赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、门冬氨酸和甘氨酸的含量最高,蜜宝的胱氨酸、丙氨酸、丝氨酸和谷氨酸的含量最高,美龙3号的酪氨酸含量最高。4个红肉火龙果品种果实所含的17种氨基酸中,排在前五位的是谷氨酸、脯氨酸、精氨酸、亮氨酸、门冬氨酸。综合进行评价,金都1号的综合品质性状最佳,其次是大红。