黄芪多糖对人工感染IBDV雏鸡红细胞免疫功能的影响

将由未免疫接种腔上囊病疫苗鸡的种蛋孵化而来的160只1日龄海兰白雏鸡随机分为A、B、C和D共4组。A组为对照组，B、C和D组于26日龄时按每只0．3mL的剂量用IBDV攻毒。A、B组未用黄芪多糖（APS）处理，C、D组从攻毒当日起连续胸肌注射APS6d，剂量分别为每只鸡5mg和10mg。分别在21、29、32、35、38日龄时心脏采血1～3mL，测定E—C3bRR、E—ICRR、ERER和ERIR。结果显示，雏鸡感染IBDV后可使E-C3bRR和ERER显著降低（P〈0．01）；APS处理组E-C3bRR、E-ICRR、ERER均高于A、B组（P〈0．01），其中D组最高，而ERIR则与A组相似。证实，雏鸡感染IBDV后红细胞免疫功能低下，而APS可显著提高其红细胞免疫功能。     

广东地方品种鸡J亚群禽白血病病毒分离鉴定及遗传进化研究

为了解广东地方品种鸡J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)净化情况,利用ALV-p27特异性抗原检测、病毒分离、PCR扩增和全基因组测序分析等方法,从广东某地方品种鸡群中分离鉴定出1株ALV-J,命名为GDYH-Y1。全基因组序列分析表明,GDYH-Y1分离株的LTR、gag和pol基因相对保守,而3′UTR和gp85基因变异较大,其中gp85基因与ALV-J参考毒株序列同源性仅为87.5%~92.8%,3′UTR区的rTM出现大量碱基缺失,遗传进化分析表明GDYH-Y1分离株与美国白羽肉鸡源分离株ADOL-7501亲缘关系最近。研究为广东地方品种鸡ALV-J净化效果提供数据参考,为分析广东地方品种鸡ALV-J毒株的分子特征和变异趋势提供了重要的数据资料。     

竞争性PCR定量检测鸡传染性贫血病毒核酸

将删除33个碱基序列的CAVDNA克隆进质粒pSBII,提取质粒DNA,经过纯化、定量后作为竞争性模板,建立了一种定量检测鸡传染性贫血病毒核酸方法。该方法能够检测出的最低CAVDNA为103.5Molecules/μL,其精确度可达到100.5Molecules/μL。该方法与传统方法相比,具有节省时间、节约试剂和受其它因素干扰小等特点。     

环境因素影响肉鸡生长的研究进展

就环境因素中温度、湿度、有害气体、光照和饲养密度对肉鸡生产性能的不利影响进行综述,并从内分泌、细胞体液反应、免疫、组织器官和营养代谢角度阐明不利因素影响肉鸡生产效果的机理。     

Effect of dietary nutmeg oil on heat‐stress tolerance‐related parameters in Korean native chicken reared under hot temperature

This study investigated the effect of dietary nutmeg oil (NO) on growth performance, blood parameters, lipid peroxidation and heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression in Korean native chicken (KNC) reared under hot temperature. We allocated 273 meat‐type KNCs (Hanhyup‐3, 4‐week‐old, body weight [BW] = 539.93 ± 1.75 g) to the following three treatments with seven replicate pens (13 birds/pen) per treatment. Three treatment diets were as follows: (a) Control, basal diet without NO supplementation; (b) NO 250; and (c) NO 500, basal diet supplemented with 250 and 500 ppm NO respectively. Diets and water were provided ad libitum throughout the 6‐week feeding trial. During overall period (0–6 weeks), no differences (p > 0.05) were observed in BW gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) among treatments. However, the FI at 0–3 weeks decreased (p < 0.05) quadratically with increasing NO levels. Most blood parameters did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments, although the monocyte level of the NO 500 group was considerably lower (p > 0.05) than that of the other groups. Furthermore, dietary NO did not affect serum triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, calcium, phosphorus and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (p > 0.05); however, it linearly decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level (p < 0.05). Additionally, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration decreased (p < 0.05) and heart MDA concentration was lower (p = 0.08) with increasing dietary NO supplementation. After a 3‐hr heat (35°C) challenge, the rectal temperature (RT) reduced (p < 0.05) linearly with increasing NO levels. Dietary NO did not affect liver HSP70 (p > 0.05) gene expression. In conclusion, NO potentially enhanced the ability of chickens to alleviate heat stress. Furthermore, our findings suggest that lipid oxidation inhibition by dietary NO likely mediated the enhanced heat‐stress tolerance of the chickens.     

云南武定鸡肉品质分析

本试验对230日龄武定鸡不同性别和部位的肉质物理特性指标进行了测定分析。结果显示:①性别对230日龄武定鸡的肉质物理特性影响不大,仅在嫩度上母鸡优于公鸡,且差异显著(P<0.05);②部位对230日龄武定鸡肉质的物理特性有很明显的影响(P<0.05),胸肌的嫩度、贮藏损失、L值、b值均显著高于腿肌,而a值、pH值显著低于腿肌,只有系水率在胸部和腿部间没有显著差异(P>0.05);③阉割可以改善武定鸡肉质。     

冬季种养结合对稻田土壤微生物量及有效碳氮库的影响

以双季稻冬闲田种植绿肥与养鸡结合的新型种养制度为平台,通过冬季绿肥和鸡粪还田,减少水稻生育期化肥用量,探讨“冬季绿肥-双季稻”轮作种植制度和“冬季种养结合-双季稻”种养制度下对稻田土壤微生物碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮的影响。试验包括5个处理,分别为冬闲(F)、冬季种植黑麦草(R)、冬季种植紫云英(M)、冬季种植黑麦草与养鸡结合(RC)以及冬季种植紫云英与养鸡结合(MC)。结果表明,在整个试验的动态过程中,微生物量碳、氮及可溶性有机碳、氮含量高低总体趋势表现为绿肥养鸡>绿肥>冬闲,各处理间差异显著(P<0.05);“冬季种养结合-双季稻”种养制度能显著提高土壤微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮。各处理微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机氮在3月24日达到最大值,RC、MC、R和M处理微生物量碳最大值分别为492.22,464.91,432.34和435.48 mg/kg;微生物量氮的最大值分别为118.20,101.03,70.13和85.46 mg/kg;可溶性有机氮的最大值分别为1001.47,926.21,832.80和870.75 mg/kg;可溶性有机碳在早稻苗期达到最大值,RC、MC、R和M最大值分别为278.95,266.40,246.13和249.84 mg/kg。微生物量碳含量的高峰在早稻移栽初期、晚稻孕穗期和灌浆期,微生物量氮的高峰出现在早稻分蘖期、齐穗灌浆期和晚稻孕穗期,可溶性有机碳在稻田养鸡及成鸡出栏后较高。与冬闲田种植绿肥和休闲相比,冬闲稻田种植绿肥结合养鸡对增加微生物生物量的贡献更大,并显著提高土壤的可溶性有机碳氮,间接反映了种养制度能提高土壤有机碳、氮的矿化速率和土壤的活性有机碳氮以及满足水稻生长期间自身养分需求。     

快速与慢速肉鸡脂肪生长与肌苷酸含量比较

本试验旨在相同条件下,比不同品种和性别肉鸡的脂肪生长量和肌苷酸含量及其相互关系。比较发现:(1)快速与慢速肉鸡的各项脂肪指标均无显著差异(p>0.05),但慢速鸡的肌肉脂肪、皮下脂肪和腹脂率分别比快速鸡高7%、13%和37%;(2)慢速肉鸡肌苷酸含量比快速高50%,且差异显著(p<0.05);(3)母鸡皮下脂肪(p<0.01)和腹脂率(p<0.05)显著高于公鸡,母鸡肌间和肌肉脂肪也分别高于公鸡6%和12%(p>0.05);(4)肌苷酸与腹脂率存在显著正相关(r=0.61,p<0.05)。