镉胁迫下磷供应对芥菜生长和镉吸收的影响

采用土培和水培试验,研究了镉胁迫下磷供应对芥菜生长和镉吸收的影响。土培试验表明:施磷可以提高镉胁迫下小叶芥菜和雪里蕻种子的发芽率,提高小叶芥菜的生物量,而对雪里蕻生物量影响不大;施磷可以减少土壤中有效态镉含量,明显降低植株体内镉含量;植株体内的全磷含量随外加磷浓度的提高而显著增加。水培结果表明:镉胁迫下,磷供应对雪里蕻植株生物量影响不大;随着磷供应水平的增加,植株体内的全磷含量明显增加,但植株地上部镉、锌、钙、镁、锰等元素的含量明显降低。     

基质盐含量对2种槲栎幼苗生长及生理适应性的影响

为了比较北京槲栎和锐齿槲栎的耐盐性及其机理差异,以2种槲栎的2年生幼苗为材料,用1‰~4‰的不同浓度NaCl水溶液进行处理,研究不同盐含量条件下2种槲栎幼苗生长、生理适应性及k+、Na+离子分布。结果表明,随盐浓度的增加,2种槲栎的总叶面积及生物量显著降低,北京槲栎降低幅度达30%,而锐齿槲栎降低幅度达到50%以上,叶片质膜相对透性总体呈增大趋势,锐齿槲栎的增大幅度比北京槲栎高29%,锐齿槲栎叶片保护酶SOD、渗透调节物质脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量都显著低于北京槲栎。盐胁迫下2种槲栎根系吸收的K+离子多向茎叶中运输,而吸收的Na+离子多滞留在根系中,北京槲栎能维持稳定的K+离子含量在15 mg/g左右。由比较得知2种槲栎在基质盐浓度低于3‰时都具有一定的耐盐性,且北京槲栎耐盐能力优于锐齿槲栎。     

不同光照时间对毛红椿种子活力的影响

研究了不同光照时间对不同家系毛红椿种子活力特性的影响.结果表明:全黑暗、全光照条件下均会抑制种子活力;光照16h条件下毛红椿种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数、苗高显著高于其它光照处理;宣恩5号、宣恩4号、宣恩6号3个家系种子发芽率高于其它家系;宣恩4号家系种子发芽势最高,出苗最整齐;建始家系幼苗生长最快,苗高最高.宣恩1号种子发芽率、发芽势、活力指数最低.     

遮阴对珠子参生长发育及光合生理特性的影响

为探明遮阴对珠子参生长发育和光合生理特性的影响,对盆栽珠子参分别采取全光照、30%遮阴和50%遮阴3种处理。在珠子参生长90天后,考察各处理下珠子参植物学性状、生理指标和光合特性。结果表明,与全光照相比,30%遮阴处理下珠子参株高、主茎粗、果实数、根茎直径、叶绿素含量、SOD和POD活性增加,地下根茎节间长度和叶MDA含量减小。遮阴处理后珠子参净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)低于全光照处理,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)则高于全光照处理。遮阴有效地缓解了珠子参的“午休”并降低了光抑制,其中,30%遮阴处理效果最显著,为珠子参的生长提供了较为适宜的环境。     

Weed competition in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) in the Jordan Valley

A field experiment was carried out in 1996/1997 and repeated in 1997/1998 at the Jordan University Research Station located in the central Jordan Valley to determine the effect of weed competition on growth and yield of cauliflower Brassica oleracea var. botrytis cv. “White Cloud”. The treatments consisted of either allowing weeds to infest the crop or maintaining plots weed-free for increasing durations after transplanting. Results showed that longer periods of weed/cauliflower competition greatly reduced crop growth and head yield. Average reductions in shoot dry weight and head yield were 81% and 89%, respectively. Maintaining a weed-free crop for any period after transplanting increased cauliflower growth and head yield compared with the weed-infested control. Weed competition for 14 days after transplanting reduced cauliflower average head yield by 41%. To determine the critical period of weed competition and the influence of weed infestation on cauliflower head yield the Gompertz and logistic equations were fitted to data representing increasing duration of weed-free and weed-infested periods, respectively. Based upon an arbitrary 5% level of head yield loss, the critical period of weed competition occurred at 0–38 days after cauliflower transplanting which corresponded with the rapid increase in weed biomass. Results indicated that early weed removal is necessary to prevent yield loss.     

Screening of cold-resistant seedlings of a Chinese wild grape (Vitis piasezkii Maxim var. pagnucii) native to loess plateau of eastern Gansu province,China, as rootstocks

Seedlings of a Chinese wild grape (Vitis piasezkii Maxim var. pagnucii) native to loess plateau of Eastern Gansu province, China, were evaluated to screen cold-resistant rootstocks in Lanzhou area. After 14-year investigation two selections of LDP-191and LDP-294 were screened as rootstocks for two table grape cultivars, ‘Fujiminori’ and ‘Red Globe’, respectively. The two graft unions demonstrated very high cold-resistance as well as good graft compatibility. Furthermore, they could survive through low temperatures in winter without soil coverage together with good fruit quality of the cultivars grafted.     

利用DAD1反义片段转化创建菜薹可调控雄性不育材料

 菜薹因为没有好的雄性不育材料或自交不亲和系,至今尚无一代杂种用于生产,根据拟南芥及白菜型油菜的花药不开裂基因DAD1的保守序列设计引物,扩增菜薹的DAD1基因片段（DAD1F）,构建反义DAD1F植物表达载体,用农杆菌介导法转化菜薹,对转基因植株进行分子检测,鉴定其雄性不育性并进行育性恢复试验.克隆得到的菜薹的DAD1基因片段大小为678 bp,命名为BrcpDAD1F,其序列与拟南芥和白菜型油菜的DAD1高度同源,同源率分别为88％和99％;共得到了12株转基因植株,有6株在转录水平上得到表达,表现为雄性不育,花器官畸形,花粉活力低,萌发率不到10％,且开花后不能结角果或结空角果,或者得到极少种子但种子不萌发;用对照的花粉给转基因植株授粉可使其正常结实.以500 μmol·L^-1茉莉酸甲酯处理可使其雄性不育得到恢复,花粉可以在柱头和培养基上萌发,具有受精能力。T₁代可育株与不育株的比例都呈1:3分离, T₂代不同株系的育性分离比例不同,有些株系继续呈1:3的分离,有些株系全是可育株或全是不育株,说明反义抑制呈单基因稳定遗传。     

甘蓝自交不亲和决定因子的体外表达和相互作用的检测

 S位点受体激酶(SRK)和S位点富含半胱氨酸蛋白/S位点蛋白11(SCR/SP11)分别为甘蓝自交不亲和(self-incompatibility, SI)信号传导的雌雄决定因子。为了深入研究两者的作用机理和进行人工调控,本研究以结球甘蓝ZQ为材料,利用pET·NusA融合蛋白表达系统,将包含SRK胞外域和跨膜域的mSRK蛋白和SCR蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21中融合表达,经SDS-PAGE电泳检测表达出融合蛋白大小分别约为116 kD和74 kD。进一步将两融合蛋白进行体外相互作用的检测,结果表明mSRK与SCR蛋白能够相互结合形成稳定的复合体,这为下一步实现SRK-SCR复合体聚合与解离的人为调控提供了技术平台。     

华蔓茶藨子扦插繁殖技术研究

研究了华蔓茶藨子枝条不同部位、IBA不同浓度处理对扦插生根的影响.结果表明:插穗不同部位对愈伤组织出现期无影响,均为5 d,在生根时间上存在差异,上部16 d生根,比中部和基部提前2 d生根;对根质量的影响差异显著,上部最好,中部次之,下部最差;NAA和IBA对插穗生根均有明显促进作用,且IBA优于NAA,100 mg/L mA生根效果最好,生根率和生根质量均达到最高.     

金光杏梅叶面积回归测算研究

以金光杏梅成熟叶片为试材,研究了叶长、叶宽与叶面积的关系.结果表明:叶长、叶宽与叶面积均呈正相关关系.叶长、叶宽与叶面积之间的相关系数分别为0.7084、0.8546,叶长和叶宽与叶面积的复相关系数为0.9868,在0.01水平下均达到了极显著水平.在此基础上建立了叶长(x1)、叶宽(x2)、叶长和叶宽与叶面积(y)之间的回归方程y=61.4140x1-2 480.6、y=28.7600x2-0.8546、y=17.6276x1+41.2594x2-1 078.4906,3个回归方程均可用于测算金光杏梅的叶面积,其中以叶长和叶宽与叶面积的二元回归方程测算结果更为精确.在具体应用中,可根据所要求的精确度进行选择.