大泷六线鱼放流群体与野生群体遗传多样性比较

基于线粒体DNA控制区高变区部分序列和4对微卫星标记,对大泷六线鱼放流群体及自然海域群体的遗传多样性与遗传差异进行了比较分析。线粒体DNA控制区序列分析的结果显示,413尾个体共检测到单倍型117种,其中仅Hap₃、 Hap₇和Hap₁7为共享单倍型,占总单倍型数目的 2.5%;放流、野生群体特有单倍型分别为20种和66种,分别占总单倍型数的17.09%和56.41%,放流群体特有单倍型数明显低于野生群体;放流群体和野生群体核苷酸多样性分别为0.005 1～0.006 7和0.005 8～0.007 5,单倍型多样性分别为0.856 7～0.949 9和0.883 1～0.954 9,遗传多样性均较高。微卫星标记分析结果显示,放流、野生群体平均等位基因数(Na)分别为13～44和13～27,平均多态信息含量为0.885 6和0.874 0,均具较高的遗传多态性;群体遗传结构分析结果表明,放流、野生群体间遗传分化水平较低。研究表明,山东近海大泷六线鱼放流群体与野生群体均具有较丰富的遗传多样性,且遗传结构未存在显著的群体分化...     

江苏盐城农区棉盲蝽监控新技术的研究进展

通过对当地棉花重大的致灾害虫棉盲蝽进行了历时17年的研究,取得显著进展,主要包括11个专题：（1）明确了盐城农区棉盲蝽40多年的演变过程,（2）明确了棉盲蝽新近的暴发机制,（3）明确了多种因子对棉盲蝽种群形成与发展的干扰作用,（4）明确了盐城农区棉盲蝽的生物生态学特性,（5）明确了近年两种棉盲蝽优势种群比例变化的原因,（6）明确了棉盲蝽对不同长势Bt棉幼铃的危害特点,（7）明确了棉田天敌种群的消长与保护利用措施,（8）研制了Bt棉田棉盲蝽防治指标,优化了棉盲蝽防治对策,（9）明确了两种棉盲蝽的转移规律与虫源性质,（10）改进并提高了棉盲蝽测报预警的准确率,（11）在两种棉盲蝽的多食性特点研究方面：一是明确了棉盲蝽在当地的寄主范围、生态区划及发育和产卵趋性,二是明确了两种棉盲蝽寄主适合度及其表达的影响因素,三是明确了两种棉盲蝽的区域性生态分布。     

厚叶软珊瑚化学成分及其细胞毒活性研究

利用多种层析方法,从厚叶软珊瑚φ=95%的乙醇提取物中获得4个化合物,通过理化性质测定和波谱分析,分别鉴定为鲨肝醇(11)、2-十六烷酸甘油酯(12)、十六烷酸乙酯(13)、5,8,11,14二十碳四烯酸酸甲酯(14),其中化合物11~14均为首次从该种中发现。对从厚叶软珊瑚获得的部分纯化合物1~10进行初步的细胞毒活性测试,结果表明,化合物4~6对人肝癌细胞株、人肺腺癌细胞株和血管内皮细胞的细胞毒性有一定的特异性,而对正常细胞的毒性较低。     

施用草甘膦对转基因抗除草剂大豆田杂草防除、大豆安全性及杂草发生的影响

【目的】转GAT和EPSPS双价基因抗草甘膦大豆‘GE-J16’是我国具有自主知识产权的抗除草剂材料,喷施草甘膦后,评价草甘膦对杂草防除、大豆安全和杂草发生的影响,为其将来商业化种植后的安全监测与杂草治理提供数据支持。【方法】除草效果:每小区以对角线5点取样法取5个0.25 m2样点并标记,施药后28 d调查禾本科和阔叶杂草株数,并剪取地上部分称取鲜重,计算株防效和鲜重防效。对大豆安全性:每小区以对角线5点取样法,每点随机取4株大豆并标记,在喷药当天、药后7、14、21及28 d调查大豆株高和复叶数,观察药害,收获前每小区取50株大豆调查结荚数及产量。杂草发生情况:每小区以对角线5点取样法取5个0.25 m2样点并标记(避开除草效果取样点),调查并记录每种杂草种类、株数,计算每种杂草相对多度。【结果】转基因大豆喷施900、1 800和3 600 g a.i./hm2草甘膦对禾本科杂草株防效2016年分别为84.30%、95.22%和83.62%,阔叶杂草株防效分别为49.80%、64.52%和61.93%,禾本科和阔叶杂草鲜重防效分别在95.36%和82.05%以上,2017年对禾本科...     

Novel Natural Compounds and Their Anatomical Distribution in the Stinging Fireworm Hermodice carunculata (Annelida)

Increasing evidence in the field of bioprospection fosters the necessity of studying poorly investigated poisonous marine invertebrates to expand knowledge on animal venom biology. Among marine annelids, amphinomid fireworms are notorious for their bearded trunk equipped with a powerful stinging capacity. Here, a methodological workflow based on analytical chemistry techniques (compound isolation followed by mass spectrometry and spectroscopy analyses) was applied to gain new insights, leading to the identification and structural elucidation of an array of natural products from Mediterranean specimens of Hermodice carunculata. Eight betaine-derived unprecedented compounds, named “carunculines”, were detected, bearing two terminal ammonium groups tri-and disubstituted at the Cα (A, B) and a series of different alkyl chains (I–VIII). The mixture of chemicals was found in all the body parts of H. carunculata, supporting a mechanism of action triggered by their vehiculation inside the dorsal chaetae, and subsequent injection when chaetae break off on contact. Preliminary investigations to understand adaptive features were also performed, showing a trend in carunculine abundance that fits into the evolutionary history of these worms. These findings shed light on the chemical ecology of amphinomids, giving reasons for the success of H. carunculata in benthic environments and providing promising novel metabolites for biotechnological implications.     

Vertical Distribution of Arthropod Interactions Within Turfgrass

Arthropod predators are abundant in turfgrass systems, and they play an important role in managing pests. Understanding the vertical distribution of predation is critical to developing cultural strategies that enhance and conserve predatory services. However, little is known on how the predation is vertically distributed within the turfgrass canopy. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the vertical distribution of predation within the turfgrass canopy. Clay models were used to emulate the general appearance of Noctuidae caterpillars, to estimate the predatory activity. The choice and no-choice experiments were conducted by placing clay models at 2.54, 5.08, and 7.62 cm from the thatch surface and denoted as lower, intermediate, and upper levels, respectively, within turfgrass canopy. The predator-mediated impressions, paired mark, scratch, deep cut mark, deep distortion, prick, dent, stacked surface impression, scooped mark, granulation, and U-shaped mark, were identified on clay models. The incidence and severity of impressions were significantly greater on clay models placed at the lower canopy level than on those placed at the intermediate and upper canopy levels in the choice and no-choice experiments (P < 0.05). Thus, predators are more likely to find their prey at the soil level. This information can be used to refine management strategies, such as mowing height and insecticide use for effectively managing soil-borne and foliar-feeding arthropod pests and beneficial arthropods.     

危害紫藤的新害虫——紫藤阿西克象甲

2018年4月,在紫藤Wisteria sinensis树上发现一种钻蛀性害虫,经专家鉴定为紫藤阿西克象甲Acicnemis palliata Pascoe(Coleoptera:Curculionidae),其幼虫在寄主树干内取食危害,严重影响紫藤健康生长,威胁到紫藤的种植、栽培和景观效应.文献记载该虫在中国、日本、...     

茶树叶部害虫之金黄色的茶叶斑蛾

茶叶斑蛾属鳞翅目斑蛾科,以幼虫咀食茶树叶片为害,是茶树叶部害虫之一。本文主要从茶叶斑蛾的分布与为害、形态特征、生活习性3个方面对其进行介绍,并提出防治措施,以期为广大茶农或技术员提供更直观的害虫识别与科学防控方法。     

中国茶园有害生物防控40年

总结了改革开放40年来,我国茶园有害生物防控领域取得的重要研究进展,分析了现阶段我国茶园有害生物防控存在的问题,提出了相应的发展对策,为我国茶园有害生物防控研究工作提供参考。     

2019年天津市全株玉米窖贮前营养品质调研

为加强青贮玉米贮前品质调控,实现全株玉米青贮品质全面提升,试验在已有青贮后品质调研的基础上开展贮前青贮玉米品质调研工作.试验采集天津市22个奶牛养殖场共55个批次的窖贮前的青贮玉米,进行粗蛋白、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、淀粉等营养指标分析.结果 显示,天津市青贮玉米窖贮前干物质含量21.06％～43.85％、粗蛋白含...