蜂胶化学成分的最新研究进展

近年来蜂胶的化学成分，尤其是来自热带地区的蜂胶化学成分已成为国外蜂胶研究的热点。蜂胶的化学成分主要包括黄酮类化合物，芳香酸与芳香酸酯、醛与酮类化合物、脂肪酸与脂肪酸脂、萜类化合物、甾体化合物、氮基酸、糖类化合物、烃类化合物、醇和酚类及其它化合物。本文综述了近年来国外蜂胶化学成分的最新研究进展。     

秸秆处理方法的研究进展

作者主要论述了现阶段秸秆处理的主要方法,从物理、化学和生物处理3个方向进行了阐述,分析了优劣,为秸秆的综合利用提供方法,并结合文献进一步提出了未来秸秆综合利用的方向。     

阿胶化学成分及药理作用研究进展

阿胶是由用驴皮加工制作而成的一味传统中药,具有补血止血、滋阴润肺的功效。随着科技进步,近年涌现了大量有关阿胶成分和药效作用的报道。为了便于了解阿胶及其功效,论文对相关的研究报道进行了概述。探讨了阿胶的组成成分和主要的药效成分,重点介绍了阿胶止血、补血,抑瘤增效,提高免疫力等方面的作用和药理机制,特别是总结了阿胶补血作用机制的不同观点,以期为阿胶的进一步研究与开发利用提供依据。     

灌溉与密度对沙打旺种子产量及其构成因素的影响

研究灌溉时间和灌溉比例对沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)种子产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明:在灌溉总量相同的情况下,灌溉方式对沙打旺种子产量构成因素及实际种子产量的影响较大;开花期灌溉900m³/hm²,潜在种子产量和实际种子产量分别为1611.1与333kg/hm²,比对照(CK)分别提高105.7%和73.1%;在现蕾期和开花期灌溉450 m3/hm²,潜在种子产量和实际种子产量分别为1353.6和258.2kg/hm²,比CK提高72.9%和34.2%;穴栽行株距1.0 m,潜在种子产量达1022.4kg/hm²,实际种子产量为269.8 kg/hm²,比行株距1.5m(717.4和176.8 kg/hm²)分别提高42.5%和52.6%;条播中,行距115cm,潜在种子产量达1657.4kg/hm²,与行距75cm(1310.6kg/hm²)和90cm(1152.4 kg/hm²)相比,分别提高26.5%和43.8%,而行距115cm,实际种子产量为337.2kg/hm²,与行距75cm(316.2 kg/hm²)和90cm(223.4kg/hm²)相比,分别提高6.6%和50.9%。     

一株产蜜柚果汁脱苦酶的青霉菌的筛选及初步鉴定

对前期分离获得的柚苷酶产生真菌进行复筛,从29株脱苦酶产生真菌中复筛出了5株脱苦能力较强的真菌,其中实验室编号为3-3-21的菌株对柚皮苷的分解率为70%,对柠碱和诺米林的分解率分别为27%和14%,表明其具有较强的脱除蜜柚果汁苦味的能力。该株菌初步鉴定为常现青霉组(P.frequentans)。     

Characterization of semen collected by pharmacologically induced ejaculation from a stallion with seminal vesiculitis

The present study compared the quality of sperm collected by artificial vagina or pharmacologically induced ejaculation from a 10-year-old thoroughbred stallion with seminal vesiculitis. The pharmacological protocol involved intravenous administration of detomidine (0.01 mg/kg) and oxytocin (20 IU) and successfully induced ejaculation in all attempts of semen collection. Sperm motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity (PMAI), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) percentage, and bacterial profiles of fresh and cooled semen (5°C for 24 hr) were evaluated. Semen obtained by the pharmacological method presented reduced seminal volume, decreased PMN percentage and superior sperm motility in cooled samples. Moreover, higher PMAI and lower ROS levels were observed in semen collected by the pharmacological method. Therefore, pharmacologically induced ejaculation is an alternative to obtain semen with minimal contamination and with sperm of superior quality and longevity from stallions with seminal vesiculitis.     

不同生长时期虎斑乌贼内壳营养成分含量分析比较

通过探究不同生长时期虎斑乌贼内壳的营养成分及矿物元素含量变化,为其开发利用提供理论依据。采用国家标准方法对不同生长时期(60、90、120、150日龄)虎斑乌贼内壳营养成分(水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、多糖、氨基酸、脂肪酸)及矿物元素[5种常量元素——钠(Na)、钾(K)、镁(Mg)、铝(Al)、钙(Ca)和8种微量元素——铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、硒(Se)、锰(Mn)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)、锶(Sr)]的含量进行测定。结果表明:不同生长时期时,粗灰分均是虎斑乌贼内壳的主要成分,含量为89.98%~92.06%,其含量随着生长不断增加,表现为150日龄时显著高于其他日龄时(P0.05);粗蛋白质的含量为2.82%~3.11%,其含量随着生长不断增加,表现为150日龄时显著高于60日龄时(P0.05);水分含量为3.93%~6.21%,其含量随着生长不断降低,表现为60日龄时显著高于其他日龄时(P0.05);相对于其他营养成分,虎斑乌贼内壳中粗脂肪、多糖含量较少,分别为0.41%~0.47%、0.34%~0.38%。不同生长时期的虎斑乌贼内壳中均检测出17种氨基酸,其中7种必需氨基酸(EAA)。不同生长时期的虎斑乌贼内壳中总氨基酸(TAA)、EAA和酸性氨基酸(AAA)含量分别为2.79%~2.93%、0.87%~0.98%和0.69%~0.87%,其中AAA含量随着生长不断增加,表现为150日龄时显著高于其他日龄时(P0.05)。各生长时期虎斑乌贼内壳中均以谷氨酸(Glu)含量(0.31%~0.43%)最高,组氨酸(His)含量(0.03%~0.07%)最低。不同生长时期的虎斑乌贼内壳中均检测出7种脂肪酸,包括3种饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、1种单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和3种多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA);在脂肪酸组分中以C22∶6n-3、C16∶0和C18∶0为主,其中C22∶6n-3含量(35.68%~37.62%)最高。生长时期对常量元素Na、Mg、Al和Ca及微量元素Cu、Zn和Sr含量有显著影响(P0.05),尤其是Ca、Mg、Zn含量,随着生长不断增加;重金属元素Cd、As含量很低,分别为0.001~0.003 mg/g和0.012~0.030 mg/g。综上所述,虎斑乌贼内壳营养丰富,Ca、M g、Zn含量高,且随着生长不断增加,具有良好的开发应用前景。     

松嫩平原羊草草原枯枝落叶分解中化学成分的变化动态

枯枝落叶在分解过程中，其化学成分发生着改变，营养物质不断地向土壤中释放。在羊草草原上，从４月至１０月间，经过１９５天分解后，枯枝落叶的有机化学成分中，可溶性碳水化合物损失最快，其次是粗脂肪和有机碳，木质素的分解最慢。在无机化学成分中，各元素含量的变化，大多数元素之间有明显的相关性，各营养元素损失大小的顺序是：Ｋ＞Ｐ＞Ｎ＞Ｎａ＞Ｃａ＞Ｍｎ＞Ｍｇ＞ＦｅＣｕ＞Ｚｎ。     

Rights,Resources and Rural Development: Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Southern Africa — Christo Fabricius,Eddie Koch,Hector Magome and Stephen Turner (eds) 2004

Goats select some browse species more than others, given options. Seasonal trends of diet selection of Nguni goats indexed by intake were investigated in cafeteria-style experiments. The relationships between diet selection and plant chemical/physical traits of Vachellia nilotica, Vachellia robusta, Dichrostachys cinerea, Euclea crispa, Rhus lancea and Ziziphus mucronata, representing abundant species were studied in the dry and rainy seasons. Seasonal changes in browses affected diet selection. Selection of long shoot species, which were concomitantly broad-leafed, was higher than species with short shoots. Selection was higher for spineless than spinescent species. Diet selection correlated positively with increased leaf mass. In the rainy season, cellulose positively correlated with intake, number of bites and browsing time, whereas in the dry season, cellulose correlated with bite size. Diet selection tended to be driven more by shoot morphology and leaf mass than by either spinescence or plant chemistry. Plant chemical influence on diet selection was diverse in both seasons and showed no definite trend, whereas spinescence had no significant effect on short-term intake. The results represent important input to goat production and range forage species management.     

防城港市火龙果主要病虫害及防治对策

通过采用定点调查、走访、询问和全面普查相结合的方法,对防城港市火龙果主产区病虫害分布、危害及种类进行了调查,发现危害当地火龙果主要病虫害26种,其中病害8种,害虫18种。