小花棘豆总生物碱对小鼠氧自由基的影响

为了探讨小花棘豆主要有毒成分———总生物碱对动物机体内氧自由基的影响,采用紫外分光光度法分别测定了小白鼠血浆、肝和脑中超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxidedismutase,SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(Glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)的活性以及脂质氧化代谢终末产物丙二醛(Malonalde-hyde,MDA)的含量。结果表明,攻毒组肝、脑中SOD、GSH-PX活性显著低于对照组(P<0.01),血浆中GSH-PX活性显著低于对照组(P<0.05),SOD活性与对照组则无显著性差异(P>0.05);攻毒组脑、血浆中MDA含量显著高于对照组(P<0.01),但肝脏中的MDA含量却无显著性差异。表明小花棘豆主要有毒成分能显著降低抗氧化酶的活性和提高MDA的含量,并能诱发机体内氧自由基的产生。     

佛甲草的栽培管理技术

概述了长沙地区栽培佛甲草的生物学特性及其可行的栽培技术和管理措施。     

α-半乳糖苷酶及其在饲料中的应用

半乳糖苷酶是催化α-半乳糖苷键水解的一种外切糖苷酶,可以催化水解棉子糖、水苏糖、毛蕊花糖及其衍生物,在自然界中分布广泛。本文主要对其来源与分类、酶学特性、结构与催化特点及其在饲料中的应用进行了阐述,以期促进该酶的进一步推广和利用。     

假俭草体细胞抗寒突变体的获得及其SRAP分子鉴定

假俭草抗寒性差是限制其广泛应用的主要因素之一。本研究目标是以优良假俭草选系E-126为材料,经低温诱导和筛选获得体细胞抗寒突变体。结果表明,假俭草种子诱导的愈伤组织在继代培养的过程中,经0℃的低温条件下培养26 d,获得了2块存活的愈伤组织,该愈伤组织经过继代增殖后,进行分化、生根和移栽,获得株系1和株系2。苗期外部形态观察结果表明,假俭草低温诱导的株系1、株系2和对照在叶色、叶毛、叶长和叶宽上均没有显著性差异。半致死温度分析结果表明,株系1、株系2以及对照叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)分别为-6.646,-6.546和-5.351℃,处理与对照之间差异显著,且都低于对照,但株系1和株系2之间无显著性差异。SRAP的结果表明,假俭草低温诱导的株系1和株系2在110,230以及240 bp处均存在相同特征带,表明假俭草体细胞突变体植株的变异稳定且在分子水平与对照存在差异,但株系1和株系2无差异。因此,株系1和株系2可作为同一体细胞抗寒突变体株系加以利用。     

高原鼠兔消化管的解剖学形态特征

对 1 6例 (雄 1 0 ,雌 6 )高原鼠兔 (Ochotonacurzoni ae)的消化管进行了观察描述 :高原鼠兔的舌上有丝状、菌状、轮廓和叶状乳头 ;齿式为 2 2 0 321 0 2 3;单室胃 ,容积 3 2～8 0mL ;小肠平均长度为 970 1 7 88 0 8mm ,为体长的 7 31±0 2 8倍 ;大肠平均长度为 5 5 8 39± 6 6 39mm ,为体长的 4 2 1± 0 36倍 ;小肠与大肠总长度为 1 5 2 8 95± 1 4 7 78mm ,为体长 (1 32 78mm )的 1 1 5 2± 0 5 9倍 ;盲肠为 2 0 4 34±2 6 98mm ,为体长的 1 5 4倍。回盲口有盲小管 ,盲肠螺旋褶上有长丝状乳头 ,盲结口有盲结口瓣 ,盲结口下接结肠网状部。     

Various protein and albumin corrections of the serum fructosamine concentration in the diagnosis of canine diabetes mellitus

Fructosamines are formed when glucose reacts non-enzymatically with amino groups on proteins, and previous studies have indicated that the serum fructosamine concentration could be of importance in the diagnosis of canine diabetes mellitus. Owing to the connection between the protein/albumin concentration and serum fructosamine concentration, it has been suggested that the serum fructosamine concentration should be corrected for the protein/albumin concentration. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the uncorrected serum fructosamine concentration and various protein and albumin corrections of the serum fructosamine concentration in the separation of dogs with diabetes mellitus from dogs with other diseases that presented with clinical signs suggestive of diabetes mellitus. The evaluation was assisted by relative operating characteristic curves (ROC curves), which may be used to compare various diagnostic tests under equivalent conditions (equal true positive ratios or false positive ratios) and over the entire range of cutoff values. A total of 58 dogs (15 dogs with diabetes mellitus and 43 dogs with other diseases) were included in the study. Serum fructosamine concentration, serum total protein concentration and serum albumin concentration were measured in each dog, and various corrections of the serum fructosamine concentration for protein or albumin concentration were made. Comparing the ROC curves of the uncorrected and each corrected serum fructosamine concentration indicated that there was no decisive difference between the uncorrected and the corrected serum fructosamine concentrations in discriminating between dogs with and without diabetes mellitus. Hence, correcting the serum fructosamine concentration as a routine procedure cannot be advocated from the results of the study. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of the uncorrected serum fructosamine concentration were very high, 0.93 and 0.95, respectively, further evidence of the value of the uncorrected serum fructosamine concentration in the diagnosis of canine diabetes mellitus.Abbreviations SFC serum fructosamine concentration - SFC-P serum fructosamine concentration corrected for the actual serum total protein concentration - SFC-A serum fructosamine concentration corrected for the actual serum albumin concentration - SFC-Po serum fructosamine concentration corrected for the actual serum total protein concentration, only when the serum total protein concentration is outside the reference interval - SFC-Ao serum fructosamine concentration corrected for the actual serum albumin concentration, only when the serum albumin concentration is outside the reference interval - SFC-K serum fructosamine concentration corrected according to Kawamotoet al. (1992)     

Non-iterative variance component estimation in QTL analysis

In variance component quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis, a mixed model is used to detect the most likely chromosome position of a QTL. The putative QTL is included as a random effect and a method is needed to estimate the QTL variance. The standard estimation method used is an iterative method based on the restricted maximum likelihood (REML). In this paper, we present a novel non-iterative variance component estimation method. This method is based on Henderson's method 3, but relaxes the condition of unbiasedness. Two similar estimators were compared, which were developed from two different partitions of the sum of squares in Henderson's method 3. The approach was compared with REML on data from a European wild boar × domestic pig intercross. A meat quality trait was studied on chromosome 6 where a functional gene was known to be located. Both partitions resulted in estimated QTL variances close to the REML estimates. From the non-iterative estimates, we could also compute good approximations of the likelihood ratio curve on the studied chromosome.     

三种优良禾本科牧草与本地品种生长性状对比分析

分析了三种引进优良禾本科牧草与一种当地禾本科牧草的生长性状，结果表明：三种引进禾本科牧草的鲜重均比当地禾本科优良牧草垂穗披碱草高，种植第三年引进牧草品种的鲜草产量为无芒雀麦19316kg／hm^2，达乌里披碱草16457kg／hm^2，猫尾草15754kg／hm^2。引进的三种牧草品种表现出较好的抗逆性，推广价值较高，适宜在高寒地区种植。     

运用MonoTrap吸附技术结合异味分析系统测定猪场场界臭气成分

为科学评估猪场臭气减排治理效果,研究运用MonoTrap吸附技术并结合异味分析系统测定一家规模化猪场在除臭设施改造前后的场界臭气成分变化情况.结果表明,MonoTrap吸附技术能较好地捕集到猪场臭气中痕量的挥发性含硫化合物、醛类、挥发性脂肪酸类以及芳香族类化合物等恶臭物质,通过异味分析系统对猪场场界捕集臭气成分进行定性...     

草地农业生态系统的自组织特性

根据自组织理论探讨了草地农业生态系统的6个自组织特性，即草地农业生态系统的结构性、有序性、非线性、开放性、非平衡性和涨落性。认为，草地农业生态系统是一个自组织系统；它只有不断地与外界进行物质、能量和信息的交换及系统内部的协同效应，才能产生结构和功能的有序状态；对草地农业生态系统的调控，必须抓住物质和能量输入的控制，特别是要控制系统内部生态的、经济的、技术的因素以及生产劳动因素之是的协同效应。